GENÇ FUTBOL OYUNCULARININ OKSİJEN TÜKETİMİ KİNETİKLERİNİN MEVKİLERİNE GÖRE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı genç futbol oyuncularının oksijen tüketimi kinetikleri ile solunum eşiği değerleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek ve oyuncuların mevkilerine göre oksijen tüketimi kinetikleri ve solunum eşiği değerlerini karşılaştırmaktır. 23 genç futbol oyuncusu gönüllü olarak çalışmaya katılmıştır (n = 23, yaş: 19.8±0.4 yıl, boy uzunluğu: 179.4±7.2 cm., vücut ağırlığı: 74.2±7.4 kg., VO2max: 59.7±8 ml/kg/dk.). Maksimum oksijen tüketimi (VO2max) ve solunum eşiği değerleri, koşu bandında uygulanan ve koşu hızı giderek artan test protokolüyle belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra VO2max değerine tekabül eden koşu hızında test uygulanmıştır ve oksijen tüketim kinetiği değerleri mono-exponentinal model yardımıyla belirlenmiştir. VO2max değerinin % 95’ine ulaşılan süre ve VO2max değerinde geçirilen süre, oksijen tüketimi kinetikleri olarak kabul edilmiştir. VO2max değerinin % 95’ine ulaşılan süre, VO2max değerinde geçirilen süre ve solunum eşiği değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analiziyle, mevkilere göre farklılıklar ise tek yönlü varyans analiziyle belirlenmiştir. VO2max değerinin % 95’ine ulaşılan süre ile VO2max değerinde geçirilen süre arasında negatif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (r=- 0.526, p<0.05). VO2max değerinin % 95’ine ulaşılan süre hariç olmak üzere diğer değerler bakımından oyuncuların mevkileri arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmemiştir. VO2max değerinin % 95’ine ulaşılan süre bakımından stoper oyuncularının kalecilerden daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu (p < 0.05), diğer mevkiler arasında ise herhangi bir farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak egzersizde steady-state seviyesine kısa zamanda ulaşmanın VO2max değerinin % 95’ine ulaşılan süreyi kısaltabileceği ve VO2max değerinde geçirilen süreyi arttırabileceği ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oksijen tüketim kinetikleri, futbol, mevki.

THE COMPARE OF OXYGEN UPTAKE KINETICS OF YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS ACCORDING TO PLAY POSITIONS

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare oxygen uptake kinetics, ventilatory threshold of young soccer players according to playing position and to determine relationship between oxygen uptake kinetics and ventilatory threshold of young soccer players. Twenty-three young soccer players joined to study voluntarily (n=23; age: 19.8±0.4 years, body height: 179.4±7.2 cm., body mass: 74.2±7.4 kg., VO2max: 59.7±8 ml/kg/min.). The players were categorized according to playing positions. The VO2max, ventilatory threshold were determined by incremental treadmill test. Then, treadmill test at running velocity determined VO2max was performed and oxygen uptake kinetics were identified by mono-exponentinal model. The time to achieve 95% of VO2max, spending time at VO2max were accepted as oxygen uptake kinetics. The correlation among time to achieve 95% of VO2max, spending time at VO2max and ventilatory threshold values of young soccer were determined by correlation anlyze and differences according to playing positions were identified by one-way analysis of variance. It was determined significiant negative correlation between time to achieve 95% of VO2max and spending time at VO2max (r=-0.526, p<0.05). The no significiant difference among playing positions was found without time to achieve 95% of VO2max. The centerbacks had higher time to achieve 95% of VO2max values than goalkeepers (p<0.05) but no significiant difference among other playing positions was found (p>0.05). Consequently, it could be said that reaching to steady-state level early during exercise could shorten time to achieve 95% of VO2max and increase spending time at VO2max

Keywords

• Oxygen uptake kinetics, soccer, play position.

Kaynakça

1. Al-Hazzaa, H., Al-Muzaini, K., Al-Refaee, S., Sulaiman, M., Dafterdar, M., Al-Ghamedi, A., Al- Khuraiji, K. (2001). Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Characteristics of Saudi Elite Soccer Players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness.
2. Árnason, Á., Sigurdsson, S.B., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., Bahr, R. (2004). Physical Fitness, Injuries, and Team Performance in Soccer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36: 278-285.
3. Bangsbo, J., Lindquist, F. (1992). Comparison of Various Exercise Tests with Endurance Performance During Soccer in Professional Players. International Journal of Sports Medicine,13: 125-132.
4. Bangsbo, J., Nİrregaard, L., Thorsoe, F. (1991). Activity Profile of Competition Soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 16: 110-116.
5. Barstow, T.J., Mole, P.A. (1991). Linear and Nonlinear Characteristics of Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Heavy Exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 71: 2099-2106.
6. Bassett, D., Howley, E.T. (2000). Limiting Factors for Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Determinants of Endurance Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercises, 32: 70-84.
7. Billat, L.V., Koralsztein, J.P. (1996). Significance of the Velocity at VO2max and Time to Exhaustion at This Velocity. Sports Medicine, 22: 90-108.
8. Billat, V., Morton, R., Blondel, N., Berthoin, S., Bocquet, V., Koralsztein, J., Barstow, T. (2000). Oxygen Kinetics and Modelling of Time to Exhaustion Whilst Running at Various Velocities at Maximal Oxygen Uptake. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 82: 178-187.

9. Boone, J., Vaeyens, R., Steyaert, A., Bossche, L.V., Bourgois, J. (2012). Physical Fitness of Elite Belgian Soccer Players By Player Position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26: 2051-2057.
10. Burnley, M., Jones, A.M. (2007). Oxygen Uptake Kinetics as A Determinant of Sports Performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 7: 63-79.
11. Carter, H., Jones, A.M., Barstow, T.J., Burnley, M., Williams, C.A., Doust, J.H. (2000). Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Treadmill Running and Cycle Ergometry: A Comparison. Journal of Applied Physiolology, 89: 899-907.
12. Carter, H., Pringle, J.S., Jones, A.M., Doust, J.H. (2002). Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Treadmill Running Across Exercise Intensity Domains. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 86: 347- 354.
13. Casajşs, J.A. (2001). Seasonal Variation in Fitness Variables in Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41: 463-469.
14. Chamari, K., Hachana, Y., Kaouech, F., Jeddi, R., Moussa-Chamari, I., Wislİff, U. (2005). Endurance Training and Testing with the Ball in Young Elite Soccer Players. British Journal of Sport Medicine, 39: 24-28.
15. Davis, J., Brewer, J., Atkin, D. (1992). Pre‐Season Physiological Characteristics of English First and Second Division Soccer Players. Jornal of Sport Sciences, 10: 541-547.
16. Dupont, G., Millet, G.P., Guinhouya, C., Berthoin, S. (2005). Relationship Between Oxygen Uptake Kinetics and Performance in Repeated Running Sprints. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 95: 27-34.
17. Dupont, G., McCall, A., Prieur, F., Millet, G.P., Berthoin, S. (2010). Faster Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Recovery Is Related to Better Repeated Sprinting Ability. European Jornal of Applied Physioologyl, 110: 627-634.
18. Gökbel, H. (2012). Acute and Chronic Adaptations of the Respiratory System to Physical Exercise. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology, 14: 9-11.
19. Helgerud, J., Engen, L.C., Wisloff, U., Hoff, J. (2001). Aerobic Endurance Training Improves Soccer Performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 1925-1931.
20. Hill, D.W., Halcomb, J.N., Stevens, E.C. (2003). Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Severe Intensity Running and Cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiolology, 89: 612-618.
21. Jones, A.M., Poole, D.C. (2005). Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine. London: Routledge.
22. Kemi, O., Hoff, J., Engen, L., Helgerud, J., Wislİff. U. (2003). Soccer Specific Testing of Maximal Oxygen Uptake. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 43: 139.
23. Kilding, A.E., Winter, E.M., Fysh, M. A. (2006). Comparison of Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Middle-and Long-Distance Runners. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27: 419-426.
24. McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., Katch, V.L. (2010). Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
25. Rampinini, E., Sassi, A., Azzalin, A., Castagna, C., Menaspà, P., Carlomagno. D., Impellizzeri, F.M. (2010). Physiological Determinants of Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Tests in Male Soccer Players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108: 401-409.
26. Rhodes, E., Mosher, R., McKenzie, D., Franks, I., Potts, J., Wenger, H. (1986). Physiological Profiles of the Canadian Olympic Soccer Team. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 11: 31.
27. Strudwick, A., Reilly, T., Doran, D. (2002). Anthropometric and Fitness Profiles of Elite Players in Two Football Codes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42: 239.
28. Taylor, H.L., Buskirk, E., Henschel, A. (1955). Maximal Oxygen Intake as An Objective Measure of Cardio-Respiratory Performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 8: 73-80.
29. Wisloeff, U., Helgerud, J., Hoff, J. (1998). Strength and Endurance of Elite Soccer Players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30: 462-467. Ordu University