DOĞAL KAYNAKLARIN YÖNETİMİNDE NEGATİF DIŞSALLIKLAR VE BEDAVACILIK SORUNU ÜZERİNE İSLAM HUKUKU PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TEORİK BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 40 - 68, 30.06.2024

Ozat Shamshıyev

https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1381347

Öz

Bu çalışma, doğal kaynakların üretimi sırasında karşılaşılan iki önemli sorunu, negatif dışsallık ve bedavacılık sorununu ele almayı ve İslam Hukuku çerçevesinde politika yapıcılar için bazı ilgili çözüm ve öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalede, sorunları tanımlamak için betimsel bir araştırma metodolojisi kullanılmış ve araştırma boyunca kullanılan birincil yöntem olarak kavramsal analiz modeli kullanılmıştır. Genel teorilerden ve yerleşik İslam hukuku ilkelerinden spesifik tahminler türetmek için tümdengelim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, negatif dışsallık ve bedavacı sorununun ekonomik kaygıların ötesine geçtiğini ve İslam hukuku çerçevesinde hakların ihlaliyle iç içe geçtiğini göstermektedir. Hem negatif dışsallıkların hem de doğal kaynaklardan bedavacılığın insan hakları (hukûku'l-‘ibâd) ve toplum hakları (hukûku'l-llâh) ihlallerine yol açabileceği açıktır. Bu gözlem, İslami bağlamda ekonomik ve hukuki boyutların kritik bir kesişme noktasının altını çizmektedir. Çalışmanın pratik ve sosyal çıkarımları, İslami ekonomi ve çevre politikalarının İslam hukuku ve etiği ile uyumlu olması, kamu yararı ve refahına öncelik vermesi ve sorumlu kaynak yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, politika yapıcıları küresel bir bakış açısı benimsemeye teşvik etmekte ve daha geniş bir bağlamda Allah’ın yeryüzündeki halifesi olarak rollerinin farkına varmalarına davet etmektedir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu çalışma, İslam hukuk teorisi bakış açısıyla negatif dışsallık ve bedavacılık sorunlarının ele alındığı ilk çalışmadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam hukuku, Doğal kaynaklar, Negatif dışsallık, Bedavacılık, Sorunlar ve Öneriler.

A THEORETICAL STUDY ON NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES AND THE FREE-RIDER PROBLEM IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE

Öz

This paper aims to address two major problems faced throughout the production and management of natural resources, which are negative externality and free-rider problem and to offer some relevant solutions and suggestions for policymakers within the framework of Islamic Law. In this paper, a descriptive research methodology was used to identify the problems, using a conceptual analysis model as a primary method used throughout the research. Deductive reasoning was employed to derive specific predictions from general theories and established Islamic jurisprudence principles. The research findings indicate that the negative externality and free-rider problem extend beyond economic concerns and are intricately linked to the violation of rights within the framework of Islamic law. It is evident that both negative externalities and the free-riding of natural resources can lead to violations of human rights (ḥuqūq al-‘ibād) and community rights (ḥuqūq Allāh). This observation underscores a critical intersection of economic and legal dimensions within an Islamic context. The practical and social implications of the study highlight the need for Islamic economic and environmental policies to align with Islamic law and ethics, prioritize public interest and well-being, and promote responsible resource stewardship and sustainability. Additionally, the study encourages policymakers to adopt a global perspective, recognizing their role as stewards in a broader context. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first study on dealing with negative externality and free rider problems from Islamic legal theory point of view.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic law, Natural resources, Negative externality, Free-riding, Problems and Recommendations.

Kaynakça

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