VULNERABILITY IN DISASTER STUDIES: ITS THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT, MULTIDIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE, AND MEASUREMENT APPROACHES

Öz

This study is based on a descriptive literature review addressing the concept of vulnerability, which occupies an important place in disaster studies literature. Vulnerability studies, which developed through criticisms of hazard-oriented approaches since the 1970s, have gradually become a major framework for understanding disaster risk. The study first examines the development of the concept of vulnerability within disaster research literature and then discusses its main definitions and core components. In this context, the components of exposure, susceptibility, coping capacity, and adaptive capacity are explained. The study further addresses the socio-economic, physical/spatial, environmental, and institutional dimensions of vulnerability, while also examining major conceptual models such as the Pressure and Release (PAR) Model, the BBC Framework, the MOVE Model, and the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI). Finally, indicator-based approaches developed for the measurement of vulnerability are discussed. By revealing the multidimensional nature of vulnerability, this study aims to provide a general conceptual framework for disaster risk reduction policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vulnerability
• Disaster Risk
• Natural Hazards
• Social Vulnerability
• Disaster Risk Reduction

Etik Beyan

Since this study is a theoretical evaluation based solely on literature review, ethics committee approval is not required. The principles of research and publication ethics were followed throughout the study.

AFET ÇALIŞMALARINDA KIRILGANLIK: KURAMSAL GELİŞİMİ, ÇOK BOYUTLU YAPISI VE ÖLÇÜM YAKLAŞIMLARI

Öz

Bu çalışma, afet araştırmaları literatüründe önemli bir yere sahip olan kırılganlık kavramını ele alan literatür temelli betimsel bir incelemeye dayanmaktadır. 1970’li yıllardan itibaren tehlike odaklı yaklaşımlara yönelik eleştirilerle gelişen kırılganlık çalışmaları, günümüzde afet riskinin anlaşılmasında önemli bir çerçeve hâline gelmiştir. Çalışmada, kırılganlık kavramının afet araştırmaları literatüründeki gelişimi ele alınmakta, ardından kavramın temel tanımları ve bileşenlerine yer verilmektedir. Maruziyet, zarar görme eğilimi, başa çıkma kapasitesi ve uyum kapasitesi bileşenleri açıklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın devamında kırılganlığın sosyo-ekonomik, fiziksel/mekânsal, çevresel ve kurumsal boyutlarına değinilmekte; PAR Modeli, BBC Çerçevesi, MOVE Modeli ve Sosyal Kırılganlık Modeli (SoVI) gibi başlıca kavramsal modeller ele alınmaktadır. Son olarak kırılganlığın ölçülmesine yönelik gösterge temelli yaklaşımlara yer verilmektedir. Bu çalışma, kırılganlık kavramının çok boyutlu yapısını ortaya koyarak afet riski azaltma politikalarına yönelik genel bir kavramsal çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kırılganlık
• Afet Riski
• Doğal Tehlikeler
• Sosyal Kırılganlık
• Afet Risk Azaltma

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, yalnızca literatür incelemesine dayalı kuramsal bir değerlendirme niteliğinde olduğundan etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir. Araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uyulmuştur.

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