Türk Tarımında Yeniden Yapılanma Çalışmaları, Kaynakların Kullanılabilirliği ve Kırsal Kesimdeki Gelişmeler: 2001’den 2016’ya Kadar Kapsamlı Bir Analiz

Yıl 2020, , 636 - 647, 01.03.2020

Nizamettin Erbaş

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.580763

Öz

Bu çalışmada, tarımda yeniden yapılanma sürecinde tarım kesiminde görülen tüm gelişmeler ana hatlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Yeniden yapılanmaya geçiş nedeniyle, 2001 yılı çalışmada baz olarak alınmıştır. Geçişin nedenleri, çiftçi kayıt sisteminin oluşturulması, tarımın sübvanse edilmesi ve tarımın ekonomideki ağırlığının korunmasıdır. Çalışmada, 2001-2016 dönemi incelenmiş ve 16 yılda kırsal kesimde önemli gelişmelerin olduğu görülmüştür. Tarım yapılabilir alanlar azalmış, tarla tarımı gerilemiş, kırsal kesimden kentlere göç hareketliliği hızlanmış ve kırsal nüfus ile tarımsal işletme sayısında önemli ölçüde düşüş yaşanmıştır. Tarım arazileri yeterince kullanılmadığından, bazı bitkisel ürünlerin üretim potansiyeli azalmıştır. Hayvansal üretimde artış görülse de, bu artış iç talebi karşılamak ve dışsatım yapmak için yeterli olmamıştır. Böylece, pek çok tarım ürününün ithal edildiği belirlenmiştir. Regresyon analizi ile gelecekte tarım alanı miktarı tahmin edilmiş ve tarım alanlarındaki düşüşün önümüzdeki yıllarda da devam edeceği görülmüştür. Çalışmada, ayrıca, tarım ve kırsal alanların iyileştirilmesine ilişkin bazı yapıcı öneriler de sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarım arazilerinin kullanımı, kaynakların kullanılabilirliği, regresyon analizi, tarımda yeniden yapılanma, kırsal kesim

Restructuring Efforts in the Turkish Agriculture, Availability of Resources and Developments in Rural: An Overall Analysis from 2001 to 2016

Öz

In this research, since transition to its restructuring, developments in agricultural sector were analysed with outlines. Because of the fact that this transition was in 2001, 2001 year was regarded as year of start. The reasons for the transition have been to increase the farmer registration system, subsidize the agricultural sector, and sustain the importance of the agriculture for economy. In the study, 2001-2016 period were examined, and it was observed that there were important developments in rural in 16 years. These were decrease of the agricultural areas, decline of the field farming, too much migration mobility from rural towards urban, and significantly diminishing of the rural population and the number of agricultural enterprises. Because agricultural lands were not sufficiently utilized, some crops’ production potential dropped off. Even if animal products’ production increased, that was not enough to satisfy the domestic demand and to export. Thus, it was determined that most of agricultural products was imported. By regression analysis, agricultural area size was estimated and it was seen that decrease of the agricultural areas could continue in the following years. In the study, some constructive proposals were also brought forward regarding improvement the agriculture and the rurals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agricultural land usage, availability of resources, regression analysis, restructuring in agricultural sector, rural sector

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