İNSANSIZ HAVA ARAÇLARININ (İHA) TAŞIMACILIKTA KULLANIMINA YÖNELİK KEŞFEDİCİ BİR ARAŞTIRMA: DRONE TAŞIMACILIĞI VE UYGULAMALARI

Öz

Teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte son dönemlerde insansız hava araçları (İHA) alanında önemli gelişmeler ve uygulamalar yaşanmaktadır. Özellikle askeri alanda çok fazla kullanılan İHA’ların ticari hayata adaptasyonu hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Askeri gözetim ve izleme, telekomünikasyon, sağlık ve kurtarma operasyonları gibi çeşitli uygulamalarda büyük başarılar elde etmeye yardımcı olan İHA’lar dronelar aracılığıyla lojistik operasyonlarda da aktif rol almaya başlamışlardır. E-ticaretin günlük yaşama çok fazla entegre olması lojistik operasyonlarda yenilikçi çözümlere duyulan ihtiyacı da arttırmıştır. Bu kapsamda işletmeler müşteri taleplerine kesintisiz ve hızlı cevap verebilmek için drone taşımacılığını tercih etmeye başlamışlardır. Drone taşımacılığıyla birlikte erişimin zor olduğu, trafik sıkışıklığının yoğun olduğu ve henüz altyapı eksikliklerin tamamlanmadığı lokasyonlara da sevkiyat gerçekleştirilme imkânı doğmuştur. İlgili literatür incelendiğinde, son yıllarda uygulanan bu taşımacılık faaliyetinin incelenmesine yönelik çalışmaların kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada drone taşımacılığı ile ilgili kavramsal çerçeve anlatılarak, lojistik işletmelerindeki kullanımı uygulamalarıyla birlikte ele alınmıştır. Keşfedici bu araştırma aracılığıyla literatürdeki eksikliklerin giderilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma akademisyenler için drone taşımacılığının sektöre olan yansımalarını gösterirken, uygulamacılar için ise bir vizyon belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda drone taşımacılığının henüz yeni geliştirilen bir süreç olmasına rağmen lojistik işletmelerinde ve operasyonlarında kullanımının hızla arttığı ve yakın gelecekte de önemini arttıracağı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Drone
• Drone Taşımacılığı
• İnsansız Hava Araçları
• Taşımacılık

An exploratory study on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in transportation: drone transportation and its applications

Öz

Along with technological developments, there have been significant developments and applications in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) recently. The adaptation of UAVs, which are used a lot especially in the military field, to commercial life is rapid. UAVs, which have helped to achieve great success in various applications such as military surveillance and monitoring, telecommunications, health and rescue operations, have also started to take an active role in logistics operations through drones. The integration of e-commerce into daily life has increased the need for innovative solutions in logistics operations. In this context, businesses have started to prefer drone transportation in order to respond to customer demands uninterruptedly and quickly. With drone transportation, it has become possible to make shipments to locations where access is difficult, traffic congestion is intense and infrastructure deficiencies have not been completed yet. When the relevant literature is examined, it is seen that the studies on the examination of this transportation activity implemented in recent years are limited. In this study, the conceptual framework of drone transportation is explained and its use in logistics enterprises is explained with applications. Through this exploratory research, it is aimed to eliminate the deficiencies in the literature. While this study shows the reflections of drone transport on the industry for academics, it aims to set a vision for practitioners. As a result of the research, it has been determined that although drone transportation is a newly developed process, its use in logistics enterprises and operations has increased rapidly and will increase its importance in the near future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Drone
• Drone Transportation
• Transportation
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Kaynakça

1. Ackerman, E. & Strickland, E. (2018). Zipline expands its medical delivery drones across East Africa. URL https://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/aviation/zipline-expands-its-medical-delivery-drones-across-east-africa.
2. Amazon Prime Air. (2016). First Prime Air Delivery. Retrieved from https://www. amazon.com/Amazon-Prime-Air/b?ie=UTF8&node=8037720011.
3. Austin, Reg (2010), Unmanned Aircraft Systems – UAVs Design, Development and Deployment, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd
4. Ayranci, Zehra Betul (2017), Use of Drones in Sports Broadcasting, Entertainment and Sports Lawyer, Spring, Volume 33, No. 3.
5. Benarbia, T., & Kyamakya, K. (2021). A literature review of drone-based package delivery logistics systems and their implementation feasibility. Sustainability, 14(1), 360.
6. Bryan, V., & Char, P. (2014). Drone delivery: DHL ‘parcelcopter’ flies to German isle. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-deutsche-post-drones-idU SKCN0HJ1ED20140924?feedType=RSS.
7. Bonsor, K. (2018). How Maglev trains work. Retrieved from ,https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/maglev-train.html.
8. Crainic, T. G., & Kim, K. H. (2007). Intermodal transportation. Handbooks in operations research and management science, 14, 467-537

9. Chen, C., Li, C., Reniers, G., & Yang, F. (2021). Safety and security of oil and gas pipeline transportation: A systematic analysis of research trends and future needs using WoS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123583.
10. Dorling, K., Heinrichs, J., Messier, G. G., & Magierowski, S. (2016). Vehicle routing problems for drone delivery. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 47(1), 70-85.
11. Domino’s. (2016). Pizza-by-drone a reality with world-first customer deliveries in New Zealand. Retrieved from https://www.dominos.com.au/inside-dominos/media/ november-2016-pizza-by-drone-a-reality-with-world-first-customer-deliveries-innew-zealand.
12. Dupont, Quentin F.M.; Chua, David K.H.; Tashrif, Ahmad; and Abbott, Ernest L.S. (2016), Potential Applications of UAV Along the Construction’s Value Chain, Science Direct, 7th International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management, DOI: 10.1016/j. proeng.2017.03.155
13. Fulser, B. (2015). Kombine Taşımacılık ve Türkiye Uygulamaları. Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Entitüsü, İstanbul
14. F. Shaikh, Q. Ji, P.H. Shaikh, N.H. Mirjat, M.A. (2017) Uqaili Forecasting China’s natural gas demand based on optimised nonlinear grey models Energy, 140 (2017), pp. 941-951
15. Garg, P. K. (2021). Unmanned aerial vehicles: An introduction. Mercury Learning and Information.
16. Glover, John M. (2014), Drone University, DroneUniversity, Edition.
17. Gupta, Medha; Bohra, Devender Singh; Raghavan, Raamesh Gowri; and Khurana, Sukant (2018), A beginners’ guide to understanding Drones, https://medium.com/@ sukantkhurana/a-beginners-guide-to-drones-38d215701c4e.
18. Güngör, O. (2021) İntermodal Taşımacılıkta Lojistik Hizmet Kalitesinin Müşteri Sadakati Ve Müşteri Güvenine Etkisi, Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
19. Landscape Analysis Compared with Satellite Data: A Case Study of Postmining Sites in Indonesia, Cogent Geoscience, Vol. 4, No. 1, DOI: 10.1080/23312041.2018.1498180
20. Iizuka, Kotaro; Itoh, Masayuki; Shiodera, Satomi; Matsubara, Takashi; Dohar, Mark; and Watanabe, Kazuo (2018), Advantages of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Photogrammetry for
21. Marintseva, K., Yun, G., & Vasilenko, I. (2021). Delivery of special cargoes using the unmanned aerial vehicles. In Research Anthology on Reliability and Safety in Aviation Systems, Spacecraft, and Air Transport (pp. 1564-1587). IGI Global.
22. Moshref-Javadi, M., & Winkenbach, M. (2021). Applications and Research avenues for drone-based models in logistics: A classification and review. Expert Systems with Applications, 177, 114854.
23. M. Kim and E.T.Matson (2017). A Cost-Optimization Model in Multi-agent System Routing for Drone Delivery. In: Bajo J. et al. (eds) Highlights of Practical Applications of Cyber-Physical Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 722. Springer, Cham
24. Notteboom, T., Rodrigue, J.-P., & Slack, B. (1998). The geography of transportation systems. Available from https://transportgeography.org/wp-content/uploads/GTS_Third_Edition.pdf
25. Otto, A., Agatz, N., Campbell, J., Golden, B., & Pesch, E. (2018). Optimization approaches for civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or aerial drones: A survey. Networks, 72(4), 411-458.
26. Rakuten (2019). Rakuten’s New Island-Hopping Drone Delivery Service. https://rakuten.today/blog/island-hopping-drone-delivery-service.html.
27. Rosen, J. W. (2017). Zipline’s Ambitious Medical Drone Delivery in Africa. Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608034/blood-from-the-sky-ziplinesambitious-medical-drone-delivery-in-africa/
28. Sah, B., Gupta, R., & Bani-Hani, D. (2021). Analysis of barriers to implement drone logistics. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 24(6), 531-550.
29. Sarder, M. D. (2020). Logistics transportation systems. Elsevier.
30. Saygılı, M. S. (2014). Intermodal Taşımacılığın Maliyet Avantajları: Karayolu-Denizyolu Entegrasyonu Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 11(41), 203-214.
31. Shivali (2017). Look out for flying pizzas in Reykjavik! World’s first drone delivery service launches in Iceland’s capital. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/22/worlds-first-drone-delivery-service-launches-in-iceland.html
32. Škrinjar, J. P., Škorput, P., & Furdić, M. (2018, June). Application of unmanned aerial vehicles in logistic processes. In International Conference “New Technologies, Development and Applications” (pp. 359-366). Springer, Cham.
33. Stewart, J. (2017). Blood-carrying, Life-saving Drones Take off for Tanzania. URL https://www.wired.com/story/zipline-drone-delivery-tanzania/.
34. Taladay, Katie (2018), Pros and Cons of Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) for Generating Geospatial Data: Case Studies from Hawai‘i. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10224.35847. Tasevski, Stefan (2018), Drones for H.
35. The Guardian. (2013). Flying aid drones tested in Haiti and Dominican Republic. Retrieved from https: //www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/jan/09/ flying-aid-drones-haiti-dominican-republic
36. Wang, D. (2016). The economics of drone delivery. URL http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/drones/the-economics-of-drone-delivery.
37. Yoo, W., Yu, E., & Jung, J. (2018). Drone delivery: Factors affecting the public’s attitude and intention to adopt. Telematics and Informatics, 35(6), 1687-1700.