Aviation-caused CO2 emissions reduction efficiency in EU-28 under CORSIA compliance

Öz

The CORSIA is an emission reduction program which is implemented by ICAO for the global air-line industry. The program aims to contribute to the implemented measures to reduce CO2 emis-sions from the international aviation network. In this regard, we aim to find out the significant factors that affect the levels of CO2 emissions in aviation and the most efficient countries in re-ducing them. Firstly, we examine 28-member countries of the EU (European Union) by using the panel data based stochastic frontier analysis and Malmquist productivity indices. The results show that the determinants affecting the emissions caused by aviation statistically significant for the pe-riod 2008-2017: Energy consumption per flight; millions of passenger-kilometers, freight and mail million tonne-kilometer; the number of commercial aircraft fleets by age groups; the number of countries’ airports; and globalization index of the related country. Moreover, efficiency scores which are obtained by stochastic frontier analysis and Malmquist productivity index differ among the countries. Eastern European countries are observed to be superior in terms of technical effi-ciency. However, there is no significant increasing or decreasing trend in technical efficiency for EU 28 countries. This result is an indication that CORSIA’s emission reduction expectations will not be realized quickly, especially when considering the extensive use of aviation in the globalized countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CORSIA
• CO2 emissions
• aviation
• efficiency

CORSIA uyumluluğu kapsamında AB-28'de havacılık kaynaklı CO2 emisyonlarını azaltma verimliliği

Öz

CORSIA, ICAO tarafından küresel havayolu endüstrisi için uygulanan bir emisyon azaltma programıdır. Program, uluslararası hava taşımacılığı ağından kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonunu azaltmak için uygulanan önleyici faaliyetlere katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamız hava taşımacılığındaki CO2 emisyon düzeylerini etkileyen önemli faktörleri ve emisyonun azaltılmasında en etkin olan ülkeleri ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. İlk olarak, panel veri tabanlı stokastik sınır analizi ve Malmquist verimlilik endeksi yaklaşımlarını kullanarak AB üyesi olan 28 ülkenin analizi yapılmaktadır. Sonuçlar, havacılık kaynaklı emisyonların belirleyicilerinin 2008-2017 dönemi için; uçuş başına enerji tüketimi; taşınan milyon yolcu/kilometre, taşınan milyon ton yük ve posta ton/kilometre; yaş gruplarına göre ticari uçak filosu sayısı; ülkelerin havaalanlarının sayısı; ve ilgili ülkenin küreselleşme endeksi olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca stokastik sınır analizi ve Malmquist verimlilik endeksi ile elde edilen etkinlik puanları ülkeler arasında farklılık göstermektedir. Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin teknik verimlilik açısından daha üstün olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak, AB 28 ülkeleri için teknik verimlilikte önemli bir artış veya azalış eğilimi yoktur. Bu sonuç, özellikle küreselleşmiş ülkelerde havacılığın yaygın kullanımı düşünüldüğünde CORSIA'nın emisyon azaltım beklentilerinin hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirelemeyeceğinin bir göstergesi olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CORSIA
• CO2 emisyonları
• Etkinlik
• hava ulaşımı

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