Akıllı Limanlarda AUS Uygulamaları: Beş Karşılaştırmalı Vaka İncelemesine Dayalı Bulgular

Öz

Bu çalışma, akıllı limanlarda Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri (AUS) teknolojilerinin gerçek operasyonel uygulamalarını ve bunların liman yönetimi ile dijital dönüşüm stratejileri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. AUS uygulamaları karayolu ve yolcu taşımacılığı bağlamında literatürde geniş ölçüde ele alınmış olsa da, denizcilik ve liman operasyonlarındaki kullanımlarına odaklanan çalışmalar görece sınırlıdır. Bu boşluğu gidermek amacıyla araştırmada çoklu vaka çalışması yaklaşımı benimsenmiş ve beş liman (Şanghay, Singapur, Rotterdam, Hamburg ve Los Angeles) incelenerek AUS bileşenleri, teknoloji kullanım örüntüleri ve mevcut uygulama düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Veriler, liman otoritelerinin resmî internet siteleri, kurumsal kaynaklar, teknik raporlar ve kamuya açık belgelerden elde edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda incelenen limanlarda 15 aktif AUS uygulaması ve geliştirme aşamasında olan 14 uygulama tespit edilmiştir. En yoğun uygulamaların Gelişmiş Trafik Yönetim Sistemleri (ATMS), Gelişmiş Yolcu Bilgilendirme Sistemleri (ATIS), Gelişmiş Araç Kontrol Sistemleri (AVCS) ve Gelişmiş Ticari Araç Operasyon Sistemleri (ACVOS) kategorilerinde yer aldığı görülmüş; bu durum limanların trafik yönetimi, operasyonel verimlilik ve güvenlik konularına stratejik öncelik verdiğini göstermektedir. Buna karşılık Gelişmiş Toplu Taşıma Sistemleri (APTS) ve Gelişmiş Kentsel Ulaşım Sistemleri (AUTS) kategorilerinde aktif bir uygulamaya rastlanmamıştır. Akıllı liman dönüşümünü destekleyen başlıca teknolojiler arasında otonom araçlar, dijital ikiz platformları, araçtan her şeye iletişim (V2X), yapay zekâ destekli kontrol sistemleri ve siber güvenlik çözümleri yer almaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, AUS bileşenlerinin önceliklendirilmesi, baskın teknolojik eğilimlerin belirlenmesi ve kanıta dayalı dijital dönüşüm stratejilerinin desteklenmesi açısından liman otoriteleri ve sektör paydaşları için yönetsel, pratik ve politika geliştirmeye yönelik önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akıllı ulaşım sistemleri
• akıllı limanlar
• liman yönetimi
• dijital dönüşüm
• teknoloji adaptasyonu

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluş tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, kamuya açık ikincil veriler ve literatür kaynaklarına dayandığı için etik kurul izni gerektirmemektedir. Çalışma araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır.

Teşekkür

Yazar, değerli katkıları ve önerileri için anonim hakemlere teşekkür eder.

ITS Implementation in Smart Ports: Evidence from Five Comparative Case Studies

Öz

This study examines the real-world operational applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies in smart ports and their implications for port management and digital transformation strategies. While ITS applications for road and passenger transportation have been widely discussed in the literature, fewer studies have considered their use in maritime and port operations. To address this gap, this study applies a multiple case study approach to five ports (Shanghai, Singapore, Rotterdam, Hamburg, and Los Angeles) to identify ITS components, technology usage patterns, and current application levels. Data were obtained from the port authorities’ official websites, resources, technical reports, and publicly available documents. The analysis identified 15 active ITS applications and 14 applications under development among the five ports, with the most intensive being Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS), Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS), and Advanced Commercial Vehicle Operations Systems (ACVOS) categories, reflecting the ports’ strategic prioritization of traffic management, operational efficiency, and security. Conversely, there were no active applications in Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) and Advanced Urban Transportation Systems (AUTS) categories. Key technologies supporting smart port transformation included autonomous vehicles, digital twin platforms, vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X), AI-powered control systems, and cybersecurity solutions. These findings provide managerial, practical, and policy-relevant insights for port authorities and industry stakeholders while prioritizing ITS components, identifying dominant technological trends, and supporting evidence-based digital transformation strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• intelligent transportation systems
• smart ports
• port management
• digital transformation
• technology adoption

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no external funding.

Etik Beyan

This study does not require ethics committee approval since it is based on publicly available secondary data and literature sources. The study complies with the principles of research and publication ethics.

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.

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