Elektrikli Araç Batarya Yönetim Sistemleri için Hücre Eşitleme Yöntemleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 59 - 73, 30.04.2021

Habib Kaymaz Yusuf Hançar

https://doi.org/10.51513/jitsa.897126

Öz

Bu çalışmada, elektrikli araç batarya sistemleri için hücre dengeleme sistemleri incelenmiştir. Elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan teknolojinin temel bileşenleri; güç sistemleri, kontrol elektroniği ve araca enerji sağlayan batarya paketidir. Bu batarya paketlerinde kullanılan piller ihtiyaca ve üretimine göre çeşitlilik arzetmektedir. Son yıllardaki gelişimi ve artan talep yoğunluğu ile elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan bataryalar ve bu bataryaları yöneten sistemler otomotiv teknolojileri içerisinde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, elektrikli araçlarda yaygın olarak kullanılan lityum bataryalar ile batarya yönetim sistemlerinin önemi ve özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra, bataryanın ömrünü etkileyen faktörlerden biri olan grup içi hücre gerilimlerinin farklı olmasının nedenleri ve sonuçları incelenerek eşitsizliği gidermek için uygulanan pasif ve aktif dengeleme sistemleri detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Pasif hücre dengeleme sistemlerinde kapasitesi yüksek hücredeki fazla enerji bir direnç üzerinden ısı enerjisi olarak paketten atılmaktadır. Aktif hücre dengeleme sistemlerinde ise enerji, yüksek gerilimli hücreden düşük gerilimli olan hücreye transfer edilmekte ve verim yükseltilmektedir. İlave olarak, bu dengeleme sistemlerine ait yöntemler karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Batarya,, Batarya Yönetim Sistemi, Hücre Eşitleme, Aktif Batarya Dengeleme, Pasif Batarya Dengeleme

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