Vertical Virus Transmission from SARS-CoV-2-positive Mothers to Neonates: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Yıl 2022, , 1 - 5, 15.03.2022

Neha Singh Nikita Sherwani Jyoti Jaiswal Tripti Nagaria Arvind Neral Onkar Khandwal

https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1085903

Cited By: 1

Öz

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is evolving rapidly worldwide. However, little is known about the association between pregnant women with COVID-19 and its transmission to neonates. This investigation aimed to see if COVID-19 infection could be transmitted vertically into the uterus.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study. 48 COVID-19 infected mothers were enrolled during their third trimester. A qRT-PCR assay of the nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples was performed to confirm positive for COVID-19 infection as per WHO protocol. In addition, characteristics of pregnant women with confirmed SARS -CoV-2 infection and newborns were documented.
Results: Forty-eight expectant mothers, 10 (20.8%) were found symptomatic, and 38 (79.2%) were asymptomatic, with COVID-19 infection were delivered (33 cesarean section & 15 vaginal deliveries). One female child (4.1%) out of 48 newborns was initially diagnosed with COVID-19 infection based on a nucleic acid qRT-PCR. The female child showed no or negligible signs and recovered completely, whereas 47 neonates (95.9%) confirmed negative. None of the mothers or neonates died from COVID-19 related pulmonary problems.
Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence on vertical virologic transmission of COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, research and surveillance involving adequate testing of samples of placental tissue, breast milk, vaginal swab, amniotic fluid, and cord blood will be needed to establish the possibility of vertical transmission of infection. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 12(1):1-5.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronavirus, COVID-19, Neonate, Pregnant mothers, SARS-CoV-2, Vertical transmission

Kaynakça

• 1. Zeng H. Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia. J AM MED ASSOC. 2020; 323: 1848–1849. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4861
• 2. Yu N. Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 559–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30176-6
• 3. Alzamora MC. Severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and possible vertical transmission. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37 (8): 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710050
• 4. Dong L. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. J Am Med Assoc. 2020; 323:1846–1848. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15717
• 5. Chu DKW. Pan Y. Cheng SMS. Hui KPY. Krishnan P. Liu Y. Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clinic Chem 2020; https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa029
• 6. Pan Y. Zhang D. Yang P. Poon LL. Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20: 411–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30113-4
• 7. Ruiling Xu. Tara AP. Hannah M L. Richard JH. Ravindra K G. Hsu PC. Samba II PCR testing for COVID-19 in pregnant women: a retrospective cohort study and literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03653-4
• 8. Rasmussen SA. Smulian JC. Lednicky JA. Wen TS. Jamieson DJ. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What obstetricians need to know. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135(5):999-1002. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000719440.84472.52
• 9. Tavakoli A. Vahdat K. Keshavarz M. Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Emerging Infectious Disease in the 21st Century. ISME 2020; 22(6) :432–450. https://doi.org/10.29252/ismj.22.6.432
• 10. Zhao Q. Meng M. Kumar R. Wu Y. Huang J. Lian N. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of Covid-19: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020; 25889. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25889
• 11. Yang P. Liu P. Li D. Zhao D. Corona Virus Disease 2019, a growing threat to children? J Infect 2020; 80(6): 671-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.024
• 12. Audrey L. Tania A. Jelena M. Marianne L. Yves V. Evidence for and against vertical transmission for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 91-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.039
• 13. Zamaniyan M. Ebadi A. Aghajanpoor M.S. Rahmani Z. Haghshenas, M., Azizi, S. Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40(13):1759-1761. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.158524968.82178769
• 14. Schwartz DA. An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19. Their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes. Arch Path Lab 2020; 144 (7): 799-805. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2020-0901-sa