Hantavirus Infection in Turkey

Abstract

The Hantaviruses within the Bunyaviridia family carried by rodents cause two different diseases in humans: Hemorrhagic Fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). It is transmitted through contact with the secretion of infected rodents or through the inhalation of aerosols containing the virus. In different parts of the world, various virus subtypes cause the disease. In HPS, mostly Sin Nombre, Andes, Laguna, Negra and New York types are causative agents, whereas in HFRS the agents are Dobrava, Puumala, Hantaan, Saaremaa and Seoul. It is more frequently observed in forest areas receiving heavy rain and having a large rodent population. While HPS is seen in America, HFRS is mostly seen in Asia and Europe. The number of Hantavirus infections have been on the rise in the world day by day. Clinic cases associated with Hantavirus known to exist by seroepidemiological trials conducted in Turkey were defined for the first time in 2009 with an outbreak occurred in the north-west region of the country. The number of cases reported so far has reached 28. Here, it is aimed to review the Hantavirus cases occurred in Turkey up to the present and increase awareness about the disease.

Keywords

• Hemorrhagic Fever with renal syndrome, HFRS, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, HPS, Emerging infectious diseases, Turkey

Hantavirus Infection in Turkey

Öz

Kemirgenler tarafından taşınan Bunyaviridae ailesinde yer alan, Hantavirüsler, insanda iki farklı klinik tabloya neden olur: “Renal Sendromlu Hemorajik Ateş” (HFRS) ve “Hantavirüs Pulmoner Sendrom” (HPS). Enfekte kemirgenin salgıları ile temasla veya virüs içeren aerosollerin solunum yolu ile alınması ile bulaşır. Dünyanın farklı bölgelerinde farklı virüs alt tipleri hastalığa neden olur. HPS’de en sık SinNombre, Andes, Laguna, Negra ve New York türleri etkendir. HFRS’de Dobrava, Puumala, Hantaan, Saaremaa ve Seoul türleri neden olur. Bolca yağış alan ve büyük rodent popülasyonuna sahip ormanlık bölgelerde daha sık görülmektedir. HPS Amerika’da HFRS ise Asya ve Avrupa’da daha sık görülmektedir. Dünyada Hantavirüs enfeksiyonlarının sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Türkiye’de yapılan seroepidemiyolojik çalışmalar ile varlığı bilinen Hantavirüs’ebağlı klinik olgular ilk defa 2009 yılında ülkenin kuzey-batı bölgesinde meydana gelen salgınla tespit edilmiştir. Günümüze kadar bildirilen olgu sayısı 28’e ulaşmıştır. Burada Türkiye’de bugüne kadar görülen Hantavirus olguları gözden geçirilerek hastalıkla ilgili farkındalığın arttırılması amaçlanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Renal Sendromlu Hemorajik Ateş, HFRS, Hantavirus kardiyopulmoner sendrom, Yeniden önem kazanan enfeksiyon hastalıkları, Türkiye

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