Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta-Lactamases-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated in Zakho, Iraq

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 163 - 167, 01.12.2016

Reem F Polse, Samira Y Yousif, Mahde Saleh Assafi

https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.328863

Cited By: 9

Öz

Objectives: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are the most important group of microorganisms responsible for urinary
tract infection. A high percentage of uropathogenic E. coli over the world are detected to be ESBLs producers, which is
now a problem that limits therapeutic options. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBLs E. coli and
study the prevalence of different ESBLs genotype patterns among the ESBLs producing isolates.
Methods: One hundred and six uropathogenic E. coli isolates were analyzed for their ESBL production by molecular
methods.
Results: 55 (52%) isolates were detected as extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers. Based on the PCR
results, all E. coli isolates possessed one or more ESBL gene. CTX-M type ESBL was the most dominant ESBL (87.2%)
among the isolates. While those for TEM-type and SHV-type were 54.5% and 21.8% respectively. Six genotype patterns
were detected (TEM, CTX-M, TEM+SHV, TEM+CTX-M, SHV+CTX-M and TEM+SHV+CTX-M). The genotype CTX-M was
the most prevalent genotype (40%) followed by the genotype TEM+CTX-M combination (30.9%). The occurrences of
the genotypes (TEM, TEM+SHV, SHV+CTX-M and TEM+SHV+CTX-M) were 7.3%, 5.5%, 5.4%, 10.9%, respectively.
Conclusions: Control measures and education programs are necessary to avoid the uncontrollable use of β-lactam and
cephalosporins in order to minimize the emergence of ESBLs producing E. coli. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2016;6(4): 163-167  

Anahtar Kelimeler

ESBL, Uropathogenic E. coli, SHV, TEM, CTX-M, Iraq

Kaynakça

• 1. Moyo SJ, Aboud S, Kasubi M, Lyamuya EF, and Maselle SY. Antimicrobial resistance among producers and nonproducers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urinary isolates at a tertiary Hospital in Tanzania. BMC Res Notes 2010;3:348.
• 2. French GL. Clinical impact and relevance of antibiotic resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005; 57:1514-1527.
• 3. Queenan AM and Bush K. Carbapenemases: the versatile beta-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20:440-458.
• 4. Polse RF, Yousif SY, and Assafi MS. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq. Int J Res Med Sci 2016; 4:1219-1223.
• 5. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493-496.
• 6. CLSI, Clinical and laboratory standards institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; fifteenth informational supplement. CLSI-NCCLS document M100-S15. Clinical and laboratory standards institute, Wayne, PA. 2004.
• 7. Yun-Tae K, Kim TU, and Baik HS, Characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase genotype TEM, SHV, and CTX-M producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens in Korea. J Microbiol 2006;16:889-895.
• 8. Dhillon RH, Clark J. ESBLs: A clear and present danger? Crit Care Res Pract 2012;2012:625170.
• 9. Rudresh SM, Nagarathnamma T. Extended spectrum betalactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae & antibiotic coresistance. Indian J Med Res 2011;133:116-118.
• 10. Habeeb A, Hussein NR, Assafi MS, and Al-Dabbagh SA. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among secondary school students at Duhok City-Iraq. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 4:59-63.
• 11. Assafi MS, Mohammed RQ, and Hussein NR. Nasal Carriage Rates of Staphylococcus aureus and CA-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among University Students. J Microbiol Research 2015; 5:123-127.
• 12. Assafi MS, Ibrahim NMR, Hussein NR, Taha AA, Balatay AA. Urinary Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Int J Pure Appl Sci Technol 2015; 30:54-63.
• 13. Drawz SM and Bonomo RA. Three decades of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:160-201.
• 14. Krishnamurthy V, Vijaykumar GS, Sudeepa Kumar M, Prashanth HV, Prakash R, Nagaraj ER. Phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ventilator associated pneumonia. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1975-1978.
• 15. Goudarzi M, Sabzehali F, Tayebi Z, et al. Prevalence of blaCTX-M gene in multi-resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from urinary tract infections, Tehran, Iran. Novel Biomed 2014;2:107-113.
• 16. Harada S, Ishii Y, and Yamaguchi K, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: implications for the clinical laboratory and therapy. Korean J Lab Med 2008; 28:401-412.
• 17. Livermore DM. Current epidemiology and growing resistance of gram-negative pathogens. Korean J Intern Med 2012;27: 128-142.
• 18. Barguigua A, El Otmani F, Talmi M, et al., Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the community in Morocco. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1344-1352.
• 19. Bali EB, Açık L, Sultan N. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of SHV, TEM, CTX-M and extended-spectrum β-lactamase produced by Escherichia coli, Acinobacter baumannii and Klebsiella isolates in a Turkish hospital. Afr J Microbiol Res 2010;4:650-654.
• 20. Canton R, Novais A, Valverde A, et al. Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14 Suppl 1:144-153.
• 21. Bindayna K, Khanfar HS, Senok AC, Botta GA. Predominance of CTX-M genotype among extended spectrum beta lactamase isolates in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2010;31: 859-863.
• 22. Harada Y, Morinaga Y, Yamada K, Migiyama Y, Nagaoka K. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in a Japanese tertiary hospital. J Med Microb Diagn 2013; 2:2161-0703.
• 23. Kaftandzieva A, Trajkovska-Dokic E, Panovski N. Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended spectrum betaLactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Prilozi 2011;32:129-141.
• 24. Manoharan A, Premalatha K, Chatterjee S, Mathai D. Correlation of TEM, SHV and CTX-M extended-spectrum beta lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae with their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:161-164.