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The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 04, 188 - 198, 15.12.2020

Amit Agrawal Ankita Gupta

https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839415
Cited By: 1

Öz

Objectives: The use of social networking sites for monitoring emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are on rise. This systematic review examines the available evidence supporting and refuting the use of social media in communicating with the public during the pandemic outbreaks of infectious disease, influencing people’s behavior, spreading the awareness, and creating or dispelling rumors.
Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from 2012 till 2019 for studies on the use of social media in detecting the following EIDs: the Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, West Nile, Bird flu and Swine flu. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed.
Results: Preliminary search results showed that out of 6224 articles related to social media and EIDs, 49 articles were related to our study objectives. Out of 49 articles, most of the articles were related to the Zika virus (n=24), published in 2017 (n=15) and utilized the Twitter social media (n=26).
Conclusion: The present systematic review supports the use of social media as an important medium for the clinicians, public health practitioners, and laypeople seeking health information for the detection of EIDs. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 10(4):188-198.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Emerging diseases Infectious diseases Information technology Social media

Kaynakça

  • 1. Obar JA, Wildman S. Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue. Telecomm Policy 2015; 39: 745-50.
  • 2. O’Connell EK, Zhang GY, Leguen F, Llau A, Rico E. Innovative uses for syndromic surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16: 669–71.
  • 3. Lederberg J, Shope RE, Oaks SC. Emerging infection: microbial threats to health in the United States. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 1992.
  • 4. Jones KE, Kate NG, Levy MA, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 2008; 451 (7181): 990-993.
  • 5. Biswas M. Health organizations’ use of social media tools during a pandemic situation: an H1N1 flu context. J New Commun Res 2013; 5: 46-81.
  • 6. World Health Organisation-SEARO. (2011). Developing tools for strategic communication to the media on emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Retrieved February 26, 2019 from: http://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B4803.pdf.
  • 7. Korda H, Itani Z. Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior change. Health Promot Pract. 2013; 14: 15-23.
  • 8. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6(7): e1000097.
  • 9. Odlum M, Yoon S. What can we learn about the Ebola outbreak from tweets? Am J Infect Control. 2015; 43(6): 563–571.
  • 10. Towers S, Afzal S, Bernal G, et al. Mass Media and the Contagion of Fear: The Case of Ebola in America. PLoS ONE 2015;10(6):e0129179.
  • 11. Stefanidis A, Vraga E, Lamprianidis G, et al. Zika in Twitter: Temporal Variations of Locations, Actors, and Concepts. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017;3(2): e22.
  • 12. Wood MJ. Propagating and Debunking Conspiracy Theories on Twitter during the 2015–2016 Zika Virus Outbreak. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2018; 21(8): 485-90.
  • 13. Fu K, Liang H, Saroha N, Tse Z, Ip P, Fung I. How people react to Zika virus outbreaks on Twitter? A computational content analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 44(12): 1700-1702.
  • 14. Vijaykumar S, Nowak G, Himelboim I, Jin Y. Virtual Zika transmission after the first U.S. case: who said what and how it spread on Twitter. Am J Infect Control. 2018; 46: 549-57.
  • 15. Miller M, Banerjee T, Muppalla R, Romine W, Sheth A. What Are People Tweeting About Zika? An Exploratory Study Concerning Its Symptoms, Treatment, Transmission, and Prevention. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017; 3(2): e38.
  • 16. Paul MJ, Dredze M, Broniatowski D. Twitter Improves Influenza Forecasting. PLoS Curr. 2014; 1: 1-12.
  • 17. Jain VK, Kumar S. An effective approach to track levels of influenza-A (H1N1) pandemic in India using twitter. Procedia Computer Science. 2015; 70: 801 – 807.
  • 18. Achrekar H, Gandhe A, Lazarus R, Yu SH, Liu B. Twitter improves seasonal influenza prediction. Science and Technology Publications 2012: 1-10
  • 19. Gesualdo F, Stilo G, Agricola E, Gonfiantini MV, Pandolfi E, et al. Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance on Twitter through Automated Learning of Naïve Language. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12): e82489.
  • 20. Sparks R, Cameron M, Woolford S, et al. Syndromic Surveillance using Twitter Data. Emer Med. 2015; 5(3): 1000254.
  • 21. Broniatowski DA, Paul MJ, Dredze M. National and Local Influenza Surveillance through Twitter: An Analysis of the 2012-2013 Influenza Epidemic. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(12): e83672.
  • 22. Vos SC, Buckner MM. Social Media Messages in an Emerging Health Crisis: Tweeting Bird Flu. J Health Commun. 2016; 21(3): 301-308
  • 23. Wong R, Harris. JK, Staub M, Bernhardt JM. Local Health Departments Tweeting About Ebola: Characteristics and Messaging. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2015; 23(2): e16-e24.
  • 24. Lazard AJ, Scheinfeld MA, Bernhardt JM, Wilcox GB, Suran M. Detecting themes of public concern: A text mining analysis of the centers of Disease Control and prevention’s Ebola live twitter chat. Am J Infect Control. 2015; XXX: 1-3
  • 25. Gui X, Wang Y, Kou Y, Reynolds TL, Chen Y, Mei M. Understanding the Patterns of Health Information Dissemination on Social Media during the Zika Outbreak. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2017: 820-829
  • 26. Jin F, Wang W, Zhao L, et al. Misinformation Propagation in the Age of Twitter. IEEE Computer Society 2014; 1-7
  • 27. Glowacki EM, Lazard AJ, Wilcox GB, Mackert M, Bernhardt JM. Identifying the public’s concerns and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s reactions during a health crisis: An analysis of a Zika live Twitter chat. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 34-38
  • 28. Hagen L, Keller T, Neely S, DePaula N, Robert-Cooperman C. Crisis Communications in the Age of Social Media: A Network Analysis of Zika-Related Tweets. Social Science Computer Review. 2017; 1-19
  • 29. Khatua A, Khatua A. Immediate and Long-term Effects of 2016 Zika Outbreak: A Twitter-based Study. IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services 2016;1-8
  • 30. Liang H, Fung ICH, Tse ZTH, Yin J, Chan CH, Pechta LE, et al. How did Ebola information spread on twitter: broadcasting or viral spreading?. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19:438
  • 31. Gallivan M, Oppenheim B, Madhav NK. Using social media to estimate Zika’s impact on tourism: #babymoon, 2014-2017. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2):e0212507
  • 32. Mamidi R, Miller M, Banerjee T, Romine W, Sheth A. Identifying Key Topics Bearing Negative Sentiment on Twitter: Insights Concerning the 2015-2016 Zika Epidemic. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2019; 5(2): e11036.
  • 33. Daughton AR, Paul MJ. Identifying Protective Health Behaviors on Twitter: Observational Study of Travel Advisories and Zika Virus. J Med Internet Res. 2019; 21(5): e13090. 34. Morin C, Bost I, Mercier A, Dozon J, Atlani-Duault L. Information Circulation in times of Ebola: Twitter and the Sexual Transmission of Ebola by Survivors. PLOS Curr. 2018. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.4e35a9446b89c1b46f8308099840d48f.
  • 35. Lwin M, Jiahui Lu, Sheldenkar A, Schulz P. Strategic Uses of Facebook in Zika Outbreak Communication: Implications for the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health.. 2018; 15: 1974.
  • 36. Sharma M, Yadav K, Yadav N, Ferdinand K. Zika virus pandemic—analysis of Facebook as a social media health information platform. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 45: 301-2.
  • 37. Vijaykumar S, Meurzec R, Jayasundar K, Pagliari C, Fernandopulle Y. What’s buzzing on your feed? Health authorities’ use of Facebook to combat Zika in Singapore. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017; 24(6): 1155–1159.
  • 38. Nagpal S, Karimianpour A, Mukhija D, Mohan D, Brateanu A. YouTube videos as a source of medical information during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic. SpringerPlus. 2015; 4:457.
  • 39. Dubey D, Amritphale A, Sawhney A, Dubey D, Srivastav. N. Analysis of YouTube as a Source of Information for West Nile Virus Infection. Clin Med Res. 2013;12(3-4): 129-132 40. Pathak R, Poudel DR, Karmacharya P, et al. YouTube as a Source of Information on Ebola Virus Disease. N Am J Med Sci. 2015; 7(7): 306-9
  • 41. Basch CH, Basch CE, Ruggles KV, Hammond R. Coverage of the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic on YouTube. Disaster Med Public Health Prep.2015; 9(5): 531-35
  • 42. Basch CH, Fung ICH, Hammond RN, et al. Zika Virus on YouTube: An Analysis of English-language Video Content by Source. J Prev Med Public Health 2017; 50:133-140
  • 43. Boraa K, Dasb D, Barmand B, Borahe P. Are internet videos useful sources of information during global public health emergencies? A case study of YouTube videos during the 2015–16 Zika virus pandemic. Pathog Glob Health. 2018; 112 (6): 320–328
  • 44. Guidrya J, Jinb Y, Orrc C, Messnera M, Meganck S. Ebola on Instagram and Twitter: How health organizations address the health crisis in their social media engagement. Public Relations Review. 2017; 43: 477-486.
  • 45. Chandrasekaran N, Gressick K, Singh V, Kwal J, Cap N, Sengul T, et al. The Utility of Social Media in Providing Information on Zika Virus. Cureus. 2017; 9(10): e1792.
  • 46. Fung ICH, Fu KW, Ying Y, et al. Chinese social media reaction to the MERS-CoV and avian influenza A(H7N9) outbreak. Infect Dis Poverty. 2013; 2:31-43
  • 47. Bragazzi NL, Alicino C, Trucchi C, et al. Global reaction to the recent outbreaks of Zika virus: Insights from a Big Data analysis. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(9): e0185263.
  • 48. McGough SF, Brownstein JS, Hawkins JB, Santillana M. Forecasting Zika Incidence in the 2016 Latin America Outbreak Combining Traditional Disease Surveillance with Search, Social Media, and News Report Data. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11(1): e0005295.
  • 49. Househ M. Communicating Ebola through social media and electronic news media outlets: A cross-sectional study. Health Informatics J. 2016; 22(3): 470-8.
  • 50. Fung ICH, Blankenship EB, Goff M, et al. Zika-Virus-Related Photo Sharing on Pinterest and Instagram. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2017; 1-3
  • 51. Fung ICH, Fu KW, Chan CH, et al. Social Media’s Initial Reaction to Information and Misinformation on Ebola, August 2014: Facts and Rumors. Public Health Rep. 2016; 131: 461-73
  • 52. Lehnert JD, Ellingson MK, Goryoka GW, Kasturi R, Maier E, Chamberlain AT. Use of Obstetric Practice Web Sites to Distribute Zika Virus Information to Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2017; 23(6): 608–613
  • 53. Roy M, Moreau N, Rousseau C, Mercier A, Wilson A, Duault LA. Ebola and Localized Blame on Social Media: Analysis of Twitter and Facebook Conversations During the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09635-8
  • 54. Seltzer EK, Jean NS, Golinkoff EK, Asch DA, Merchant RM. The content of social media’s shared images about Ebola: A retrospective study. Public Health. 2015; 129: 1273-1277
  • 55. Seltzer EK, Martz EH, Merchant MA. Public sentiment and discourse about Zika virus on Instagram. Public Health. 2017; 150: 170-75
  • 56. Freberg K, Palenchar MJ, Veil SR. Managing and sharing H1NI crisis information using social media bookmarking services. Public Relations Review 2013; 39: 178-184
  • 57. Adebayo G, Neumark Y, Edelsburg AG, Ahmad WA, Levine H. Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;3:e000296.
  • 58. World Health Organisation. The history of Zika virus. Retrieved February 27, 2019 from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/timeline/en/.
  • 59. National Health Service. Swine flu. Retrieved February 24, 2019 from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swine-flu/.
  • 60. World Health Organisation. West Nile virus. Retrieved May 08, 2019 from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/west-nile-virus
  • 61. Tang L, Bie B, Park S, Zhi D. Social media and outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases: A systematic review of literature. Am J Infect Control. 2018; 46(9): 962-972. 62. Oyeyemi S, Gabarron E, Wynn R. Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination? BMJ. 2014; 349: g6178.
  • 63. Brownstein JS, Freifeld CC, Madoff LC. Digital disease detection-harnessing the Web for public health surveillance. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(21): 2153-2157.

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 04, 188 - 198, 15.12.2020

Amit Agrawal Ankita Gupta

https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839415
Cited By: 1

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Obar JA, Wildman S. Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue. Telecomm Policy 2015; 39: 745-50.
  • 2. O’Connell EK, Zhang GY, Leguen F, Llau A, Rico E. Innovative uses for syndromic surveillance. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16: 669–71.
  • 3. Lederberg J, Shope RE, Oaks SC. Emerging infection: microbial threats to health in the United States. Washington (DC): National Academy Press; 1992.
  • 4. Jones KE, Kate NG, Levy MA, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 2008; 451 (7181): 990-993.
  • 5. Biswas M. Health organizations’ use of social media tools during a pandemic situation: an H1N1 flu context. J New Commun Res 2013; 5: 46-81.
  • 6. World Health Organisation-SEARO. (2011). Developing tools for strategic communication to the media on emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Retrieved February 26, 2019 from: http://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B4803.pdf.
  • 7. Korda H, Itani Z. Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior change. Health Promot Pract. 2013; 14: 15-23.
  • 8. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6(7): e1000097.
  • 9. Odlum M, Yoon S. What can we learn about the Ebola outbreak from tweets? Am J Infect Control. 2015; 43(6): 563–571.
  • 10. Towers S, Afzal S, Bernal G, et al. Mass Media and the Contagion of Fear: The Case of Ebola in America. PLoS ONE 2015;10(6):e0129179.
  • 11. Stefanidis A, Vraga E, Lamprianidis G, et al. Zika in Twitter: Temporal Variations of Locations, Actors, and Concepts. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2017;3(2): e22.
  • 12. Wood MJ. Propagating and Debunking Conspiracy Theories on Twitter during the 2015–2016 Zika Virus Outbreak. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2018; 21(8): 485-90.
  • 13. Fu K, Liang H, Saroha N, Tse Z, Ip P, Fung I. How people react to Zika virus outbreaks on Twitter? A computational content analysis. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 44(12): 1700-1702.
  • 14. Vijaykumar S, Nowak G, Himelboim I, Jin Y. Virtual Zika transmission after the first U.S. case: who said what and how it spread on Twitter. Am J Infect Control. 2018; 46: 549-57.
  • 15. Miller M, Banerjee T, Muppalla R, Romine W, Sheth A. What Are People Tweeting About Zika? An Exploratory Study Concerning Its Symptoms, Treatment, Transmission, and Prevention. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017; 3(2): e38.
  • 16. Paul MJ, Dredze M, Broniatowski D. Twitter Improves Influenza Forecasting. PLoS Curr. 2014; 1: 1-12.
  • 17. Jain VK, Kumar S. An effective approach to track levels of influenza-A (H1N1) pandemic in India using twitter. Procedia Computer Science. 2015; 70: 801 – 807.
  • 18. Achrekar H, Gandhe A, Lazarus R, Yu SH, Liu B. Twitter improves seasonal influenza prediction. Science and Technology Publications 2012: 1-10
  • 19. Gesualdo F, Stilo G, Agricola E, Gonfiantini MV, Pandolfi E, et al. Influenza-Like Illness Surveillance on Twitter through Automated Learning of Naïve Language. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12): e82489.
  • 20. Sparks R, Cameron M, Woolford S, et al. Syndromic Surveillance using Twitter Data. Emer Med. 2015; 5(3): 1000254.
  • 21. Broniatowski DA, Paul MJ, Dredze M. National and Local Influenza Surveillance through Twitter: An Analysis of the 2012-2013 Influenza Epidemic. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(12): e83672.
  • 22. Vos SC, Buckner MM. Social Media Messages in an Emerging Health Crisis: Tweeting Bird Flu. J Health Commun. 2016; 21(3): 301-308
  • 23. Wong R, Harris. JK, Staub M, Bernhardt JM. Local Health Departments Tweeting About Ebola: Characteristics and Messaging. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2015; 23(2): e16-e24.
  • 24. Lazard AJ, Scheinfeld MA, Bernhardt JM, Wilcox GB, Suran M. Detecting themes of public concern: A text mining analysis of the centers of Disease Control and prevention’s Ebola live twitter chat. Am J Infect Control. 2015; XXX: 1-3
  • 25. Gui X, Wang Y, Kou Y, Reynolds TL, Chen Y, Mei M. Understanding the Patterns of Health Information Dissemination on Social Media during the Zika Outbreak. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2017: 820-829
  • 26. Jin F, Wang W, Zhao L, et al. Misinformation Propagation in the Age of Twitter. IEEE Computer Society 2014; 1-7
  • 27. Glowacki EM, Lazard AJ, Wilcox GB, Mackert M, Bernhardt JM. Identifying the public’s concerns and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s reactions during a health crisis: An analysis of a Zika live Twitter chat. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 34-38
  • 28. Hagen L, Keller T, Neely S, DePaula N, Robert-Cooperman C. Crisis Communications in the Age of Social Media: A Network Analysis of Zika-Related Tweets. Social Science Computer Review. 2017; 1-19
  • 29. Khatua A, Khatua A. Immediate and Long-term Effects of 2016 Zika Outbreak: A Twitter-based Study. IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services 2016;1-8
  • 30. Liang H, Fung ICH, Tse ZTH, Yin J, Chan CH, Pechta LE, et al. How did Ebola information spread on twitter: broadcasting or viral spreading?. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19:438
  • 31. Gallivan M, Oppenheim B, Madhav NK. Using social media to estimate Zika’s impact on tourism: #babymoon, 2014-2017. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(2):e0212507
  • 32. Mamidi R, Miller M, Banerjee T, Romine W, Sheth A. Identifying Key Topics Bearing Negative Sentiment on Twitter: Insights Concerning the 2015-2016 Zika Epidemic. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2019; 5(2): e11036.
  • 33. Daughton AR, Paul MJ. Identifying Protective Health Behaviors on Twitter: Observational Study of Travel Advisories and Zika Virus. J Med Internet Res. 2019; 21(5): e13090. 34. Morin C, Bost I, Mercier A, Dozon J, Atlani-Duault L. Information Circulation in times of Ebola: Twitter and the Sexual Transmission of Ebola by Survivors. PLOS Curr. 2018. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.4e35a9446b89c1b46f8308099840d48f.
  • 35. Lwin M, Jiahui Lu, Sheldenkar A, Schulz P. Strategic Uses of Facebook in Zika Outbreak Communication: Implications for the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health.. 2018; 15: 1974.
  • 36. Sharma M, Yadav K, Yadav N, Ferdinand K. Zika virus pandemic—analysis of Facebook as a social media health information platform. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 45: 301-2.
  • 37. Vijaykumar S, Meurzec R, Jayasundar K, Pagliari C, Fernandopulle Y. What’s buzzing on your feed? Health authorities’ use of Facebook to combat Zika in Singapore. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017; 24(6): 1155–1159.
  • 38. Nagpal S, Karimianpour A, Mukhija D, Mohan D, Brateanu A. YouTube videos as a source of medical information during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic. SpringerPlus. 2015; 4:457.
  • 39. Dubey D, Amritphale A, Sawhney A, Dubey D, Srivastav. N. Analysis of YouTube as a Source of Information for West Nile Virus Infection. Clin Med Res. 2013;12(3-4): 129-132 40. Pathak R, Poudel DR, Karmacharya P, et al. YouTube as a Source of Information on Ebola Virus Disease. N Am J Med Sci. 2015; 7(7): 306-9
  • 41. Basch CH, Basch CE, Ruggles KV, Hammond R. Coverage of the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic on YouTube. Disaster Med Public Health Prep.2015; 9(5): 531-35
  • 42. Basch CH, Fung ICH, Hammond RN, et al. Zika Virus on YouTube: An Analysis of English-language Video Content by Source. J Prev Med Public Health 2017; 50:133-140
  • 43. Boraa K, Dasb D, Barmand B, Borahe P. Are internet videos useful sources of information during global public health emergencies? A case study of YouTube videos during the 2015–16 Zika virus pandemic. Pathog Glob Health. 2018; 112 (6): 320–328
  • 44. Guidrya J, Jinb Y, Orrc C, Messnera M, Meganck S. Ebola on Instagram and Twitter: How health organizations address the health crisis in their social media engagement. Public Relations Review. 2017; 43: 477-486.
  • 45. Chandrasekaran N, Gressick K, Singh V, Kwal J, Cap N, Sengul T, et al. The Utility of Social Media in Providing Information on Zika Virus. Cureus. 2017; 9(10): e1792.
  • 46. Fung ICH, Fu KW, Ying Y, et al. Chinese social media reaction to the MERS-CoV and avian influenza A(H7N9) outbreak. Infect Dis Poverty. 2013; 2:31-43
  • 47. Bragazzi NL, Alicino C, Trucchi C, et al. Global reaction to the recent outbreaks of Zika virus: Insights from a Big Data analysis. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(9): e0185263.
  • 48. McGough SF, Brownstein JS, Hawkins JB, Santillana M. Forecasting Zika Incidence in the 2016 Latin America Outbreak Combining Traditional Disease Surveillance with Search, Social Media, and News Report Data. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11(1): e0005295.
  • 49. Househ M. Communicating Ebola through social media and electronic news media outlets: A cross-sectional study. Health Informatics J. 2016; 22(3): 470-8.
  • 50. Fung ICH, Blankenship EB, Goff M, et al. Zika-Virus-Related Photo Sharing on Pinterest and Instagram. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2017; 1-3
  • 51. Fung ICH, Fu KW, Chan CH, et al. Social Media’s Initial Reaction to Information and Misinformation on Ebola, August 2014: Facts and Rumors. Public Health Rep. 2016; 131: 461-73
  • 52. Lehnert JD, Ellingson MK, Goryoka GW, Kasturi R, Maier E, Chamberlain AT. Use of Obstetric Practice Web Sites to Distribute Zika Virus Information to Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2017; 23(6): 608–613
  • 53. Roy M, Moreau N, Rousseau C, Mercier A, Wilson A, Duault LA. Ebola and Localized Blame on Social Media: Analysis of Twitter and Facebook Conversations During the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09635-8
  • 54. Seltzer EK, Jean NS, Golinkoff EK, Asch DA, Merchant RM. The content of social media’s shared images about Ebola: A retrospective study. Public Health. 2015; 129: 1273-1277
  • 55. Seltzer EK, Martz EH, Merchant MA. Public sentiment and discourse about Zika virus on Instagram. Public Health. 2017; 150: 170-75
  • 56. Freberg K, Palenchar MJ, Veil SR. Managing and sharing H1NI crisis information using social media bookmarking services. Public Relations Review 2013; 39: 178-184
  • 57. Adebayo G, Neumark Y, Edelsburg AG, Ahmad WA, Levine H. Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;3:e000296.
  • 58. World Health Organisation. The history of Zika virus. Retrieved February 27, 2019 from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/timeline/en/.
  • 59. National Health Service. Swine flu. Retrieved February 24, 2019 from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swine-flu/.
  • 60. World Health Organisation. West Nile virus. Retrieved May 08, 2019 from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/west-nile-virus
  • 61. Tang L, Bie B, Park S, Zhi D. Social media and outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases: A systematic review of literature. Am J Infect Control. 2018; 46(9): 962-972. 62. Oyeyemi S, Gabarron E, Wynn R. Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination? BMJ. 2014; 349: g6178.
  • 63. Brownstein JS, Freifeld CC, Madoff LC. Digital disease detection-harnessing the Web for public health surveillance. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(21): 2153-2157.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Amit Agrawal Bu kişi benim

Ankita Gupta Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 04

Kaynak Göster

APA Agrawal, A., & Gupta, A. (2020). The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 10(04), 188-198. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839415
AMA Agrawal A, Gupta A. The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Microbil Infect Dis. Aralık 2020;10(04):188-198. doi:10.5799/jmid.839415
Chicago Agrawal, Amit, ve Ankita Gupta. “The Utility of Social Media During an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10, sy. 04 (Aralık 2020): 188-98. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839415.
EndNote Agrawal A, Gupta A (01 Aralık 2020) The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10 04 188–198.
IEEE A. Agrawal ve A. Gupta, “The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature”, J Microbil Infect Dis, c. 10, sy. 04, ss. 188–198, 2020, doi: 10.5799/jmid.839415.
ISNAD Agrawal, Amit - Gupta, Ankita. “The Utility of Social Media During an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 10/04 (Aralık 2020), 188-198. https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.839415.
JAMA Agrawal A, Gupta A. The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2020;10:188–198.
MLA Agrawal, Amit ve Ankita Gupta. “The Utility of Social Media During an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature”. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, c. 10, sy. 04, 2020, ss. 188-9, doi:10.5799/jmid.839415.
Vancouver Agrawal A, Gupta A. The Utility of Social Media during an Emerging Infectious Diseases Crisis: A Systematic Review of Literature. J Microbil Infect Dis. 2020;10(04):188-9.

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Who Said What: A Multi-Country Content Analysis of European Health Organisations’ COVID-19 Social Media Communication
International Journal of Public Health
https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604973