Effect of Halloysite Nanotube Additive on Shear Strength in Al-GFRP Single Lap Adhesive Joint

Abstract

In this study, the effects of halloysite nanotube (HNT) particle on the shear and fracture performance of single lap joints (SLJ) of aluminum (Al) and glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRP) materials, which are frequently preferred as low-density materials in engineering fields such as aerospace, aviation and automotive, were investigated. To this end, HNT particles were added to Araldite 2014-2 epoxy-based adhesive in five different ratios (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% by weight), and the prepared samples were subjected to lap-shear tests. The obtained results showed that the samples gave higher shear strength results than the pure samples at all additive ratios except the samples with 3 wt.% HNT. It was found that the 2 wt.% HNT added samples (11.76 MPa) exhibiting the maximum shear strength provided an improvement of 30.4% compared to the pure samples (9.02 MPa). Furthermore, HNT additions of more than 2 wt.% amount resulted in a decreasing trend in results due to local stress concentrations caused by the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Also, SEM images showed that HNT particles showed toughening mechanisms such as crack bridging and crack pinning, which increases the performance of adhesive joints. In conclusion, the use of HNT particles at certain amounts in adhesive joints proved that more durable materials are derived by increasing the shear performance of these structures.

Keywords

• HNT
• Al-GFRP
• Single lap joint
• Shear strength
• Damage analysis

Halloysit Nanotüp Katkısının Al-GFRP Tek Bindirmeli Yapıştırma Bağlantısında Kayma Dayanımına Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, havacılık, otomotiv ve uzay gibi mühendislik alanlarında düşük yoğunluklu malzeme olarak sıklıkla tercih edilen alüminyum (Al) ve cam elyaf takviyeli kompozit (GFRP) malzemelerinin tek bindirmeli bağlantılarının (SLJ) kayma ve kırılma performanslarına halloysit nanotüp (HNT) parçacık katkısının etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, HNT parçacıkları beş farklı oranda (ağırlıkça %1.0, %1.5, %2.0, %2.5 ve %3.0) Araldite 2014-2 epoksi tabanlı yapıştırıcıya eklenmiş, hazırlanan numuneler bindirme kesme testine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, %3.0 HNT katkılı numuneler dışında bütün katkı oranlarında numunelerin saf numunelere göre daha yüksek kayma dayanımı sonuçları verdiğini göstermiştir. Maksimum kayma dayanımı sergileyen %2.0 HNT katkılı numunelerin (11.76 MPa) saf numunelere (9.02 MPa) kıyasla dayanımının %30.4 arttığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, %2.0’den daha fazla miktarda HNT katkısı, nano parçacıkların topaklanmasından (agglomeration) kaynaklanan yerel gerilme konsantrasyonları oluşumu nedeniyle düşüş eğilimi göstermiştir. Öte yandan HNT katkılarının yapıştırma bağlantılarının performanslarının arttırmasını sağlayan çatlak köprüleme ve çatlak pinlenmesi gibi tokluk mekanizmaları gösterdiği SEM görüntüleri ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak HNT katkısının belli miktarlarda yapıştırma bağlantılarında kullanılması, bu yapıların kayma dayanımlarını arttırarak daha dayanımlı malzemeler türetildiğini kanıtlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• HNT
• Al-GFRP
• Tek bindirmeli bağlantı
• Kayma dayanımı
• Hasar analizi

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