Effect of Different Manufacturing Routes on the Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Behavior of Inconel 625 Alloy

Öz

In this study, the effects of different manufacturing routes on the microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 alloy were comparatively investigated. Three types of specimens were evaluated: commercially supplied Inconel 625, wire arc additively manufactured (WAAM) Inconel 625, and laser-cladded (LC) Inconel 625. The specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, microhardness, open circuit potential (OCP), and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. SEM observations showed that the commercial specimen had a relatively homogeneous microstructure, whereas the WAAM specimen exhibited a directional dendritic morphology due to repeated thermal cycles. The laser-cladded specimen presented a finer dendritic structure. EDS analyses indicated that Nb and Mo segregation was more pronounced in the WAAM and LC specimens, particularly in interdendritic regions. XRD results confirmed that the dominant phase in all specimens was the FCC γ-Ni solid solution. Hardness measurements showed that WAAM and commercial specimens had similar values, while the LC specimen exhibited slightly lower hardness. Electrochemical results revealed that the commercial specimen showed the most noble OCP value, whereas the WAAM specimen exhibited the lowest corrosion current density, highest polarization resistance, and lowest corrosion rate. The corrosion resistance ranking was WAAM > LC > commercial. These results indicate that the manufacturing route significantly affects the corrosion performance of Inconel 625 alloy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Inconel 625
• wire arc additive manufacturing
• laser cladding
• microstructure
• nanoindentation
• corrosion resistance

Farklı Üretim Yöntemlerinin Inconel 625 Alaşımının Mikroyapı, Mekanik ve Korozyon Davranışına Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, farklı üretim yöntemlerinin Inconel 625 alaşımının mikroyapı, mekanik ve elektrokimyasal korozyon davranışı üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ticari referans numune, tel ark eklemeli imalat (WAAM) ve lazer kaplama (LC) yöntemleri ile üretilmiş numuneler değerlendirilmiştir. Numuneler SEM, EDS ve elementel haritalama, XRD, nanoindentasyon, mikrosertlik, açık devre potansiyeli (OCP) ve %3.5 NaCl çözeltisinde potentiyodinamik polarizasyon testleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. SEM analizleri, ticari numunenin homojen bir mikroyapıya sahip olduğunu, WAAM numunesinin ise tekrarlı termal döngüler nedeniyle yönlenmiş dendritik bir yapı sergilediğini göstermiştir. Lazer kaplama numunesinde ise daha ince ve yüzeye paralel bantlı dendritik yapı gözlenmiştir. EDS analizleri, özellikle dendritler arası bölgelerde Nb ve Mo elementlerinin WAAM ve LC numunelerinde daha belirgin şekilde segregasyona uğradığını ortaya koymuştur. XRD sonuçları, tüm numunelerde baskın fazın yüzey merkezli kübik (FCC) γ-Ni olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Mekanik testler, WAAM ve ticari numunelerin benzer sertlik değerlerine sahip olduğunu, lazer kaplama numunesinin ise daha düşük sertlik sergilediğini göstermiştir. Elektrokimyasal analizler sonucunda, ticari numune en nobel OCP değerine sahip olmasına rağmen, WAAM numunesinin en düşük korozyon akım yoğunluğu, en yüksek polarizasyon direnci ve en düşük korozyon hızını sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Tafel analizine göre korozyon direnci sıralaması WAAM > LC > ticari olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, üretim yönteminin mikroyapıyı ve buna bağlı olarak pasif film oluşumunu doğrudan etkilediğini ve Inconel 625 alaşımının korozyon performansında belirleyici rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Inconel 625
• Tel ark eklemeli imalat
• Lazer kaplama
• Mikroyapı
• Nanoindentasyon
• Korozyon direnci

Kaynakça

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