Investigation of The Effects of Shallow Cryogenic Treatment on The Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of 1.2436 Tool Steel

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 151 - 162, 18.12.2022

Nursel Altan Özbek Onur Özbek

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1113194

Cited By: 4

Öz

This study investigates the effects of shallow cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of 1.2436 steel. For this purpose, quenched (QT) 1.2436 steel samples were subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -80 °C for 12 hours (SCT12) and 18 hours (SCT18). Hardness measurement and wear test were carried out on the samples and the samples were examined microstructurally. As a result of the study, it was observed that the cryogenic treatment provided a denser and homogeneous carbide distribution in the microstructure of 1.2436 steel. The amount of carbide in the microstructure increased by 18.80% with shallow cryogenic treatment for 18 hours. As a result of the hardness and wear tests, it was determined that the cryogenic treatment positively affected the hardness and wear resistance of 1.2436 steel. Compared to the quenched sample alone, the sample cryogenically treated for 18 hours exhibited 9.28% higher hardness and 34.37% less wear.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1.2436 steel, Cryogenic treatment, Microstructure, Hardness, Wear resistance

Destekleyen Kurum

Düzce University Research Fund

Proje Numarası

2021.22.01.1177

Teşekkür

This work is supported by Düzce University Scientific Project (Project no: 2021.22.01.1177).

1.2436 Takım Çeliğinin Mekanik ve Mikroyapısal Özellikleri Üzerine Sığ Kriyojenik İşlemin Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, sığ kriyojenik işlemin 1.2436 çeliğin mikroyapısı, sertliği ve aşınma direnci üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Bu amaçla, su verilmiş (QT) 1.2436 çelik numunelere -80 °C'de 12 saat (SCT12) ve 18 saat (SCT18) için sığ kriyojenik işlem uygulanmıştır. Numuneler üzerinde sertlik ölçümü ve aşınma testi gerçekleştirilmiş ve numuneler mikroyapısal olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kriyojenik işlemin 1.2436 çeliğin mikro yapısında daha yoğun ve homojen bir karbür dağılımı sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. 18 saat süre sığ kriyojenik işlem ile mikroyapıdaki karbür miktarı yaklaşık %18,80 oranda artmıştır. Sertlik ve aşınma testleri sonucunda kriyojenik işlemin 1.2436 çeliğin sertliğini ve aşınma direncini olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Yalnızca su verilmiş numune ile karşılaştırıldığında, 18 saat boyunca kriyojenik işlem görmüş numune %9.64 daha yüksek sertlik ve %34.37 daha az aşınma sergilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1.2436 çeliği, Kriyojenik işlem, Mikroyapı, Sertlik, Aşınma direnci

Proje Numarası

2021.22.01.1177

Kaynakça

• Akhbarizadeh A., Shafyei A., Golozar M. A., Effects of cryogenic treatment on wear behavior of D6 tool steel. Materials and Design 30(8), 3259-3264, 2009.
• Altan Özbek N., Özbek O., Kara F., Investigation of the effects of cryogenic treatment on AISI H11 steel. International Marmara Science and Social Sciences Congress (IMASCON’2018), 23-25 November, 2018, Kocaeli.
• Altan Özbek N., Saraç E., Effects of tempering heat treatment temperatures on mechanical properties of carbon steels. Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences 7(1), 17-25, 2021.
• Bensely A., Shyamala L., Harish S., Mohan Lal D., Nagarajan G., Krzysztof Junik, Rajadurai A., Fatigue behaviour and fracture mechanism of cryogenically treated En 353 steel. Materials & Design 30(8), 2955-2962, 2009.
• Callister W. D., Rethwisch D. G., Materials science and engineering. Wiley, pp. 1-122, 2011.
• Das D., Dutta A. K., Ray K. K., Optimization of the duration of cryogenic processing to maximize wear resistance of AISI D2 steel. Cryogenics 49 (5), 176-184, 2009.
• Ebrahimnia M., Baghjari H., Ajdari M., Hajesmaeli A., Hojati M., Application of a low heat input deposition process for refurbishment of worn pm forming dies using Fe-Ni based filler metal. Powder Metallurgy Progress 18(2), 116-120, 2018.
• Gu K., Junjie W., Yuan Z., Effect of cryogenic treatment on wear resistance of Ti – 6Al – 4V alloy for biomedical applications. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 30(29), 131-139, 2014.
• Kalia S., Cryogenic processing: A study of materials at low temperatures. Journal of Low Temperature Physics 158(5-6), 934-945, 2010.
• Kara F., Özbek O., Altan Özbek N., Uygur, İ., Investigation of the effect of deep cryogenic process on residual stress and residual austenite. Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences 7(2), 3-11, 2021.
• Kayalı, Y., Küresel grafitli dökme demirlere uygulanan farklı ısıl işlemlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering, 16(1), 192-197, 2016.
• Koneshlou M., Meshinchi Asl K., Khomamizadeh F., Effect of cryogenic treatment on microstructure, mechanical and wear behaviors of AISI H13 hot work tool steel. Cryogenics 51(1), 55-61, 2011.
• Köklü U., The drilling machinability of 5083 aluminum under shallow and deep cryogenic treatment. Emerging Materials Research 9(2), 323-330, 2020.
• Kursuncu B., Influence of cryogenic heat-treatment soaking period and temperature on performance of sintered carbide cutting tools in milling of Inconel 718. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 92, 105323, 2020. Kursuncu B., Çaliskan H., Guven Ş. Y., Panjan P. Improvement of cutting performance of carbide cutting tools in milling of the Inconel 718 super alloy using multilayer nanocomposite hard coating and cryogenic heat treatment. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 97 (1-4), 467-479, 2018.
• Kurşuncu B., The Effect of cryogenic treatment on dry sliding wear mechanisms in hard coatings. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 73(1), 97-102, 2021.
• Nas E., Altan Özbek N., Optimization of the machining parameters in turning of hardened hot work tool steel using cryogenically treated tools. Surface Review and Letters 27(5), 1950177, 2020.
• Altan Özbek N., Çiçek A., Gülesin M., Özbek O., Investigation of the effects of cryogenic treatment applied at different holding times to cemented carbide inserts on tool wear. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 86, 34-43, 2014.
• Altan Özbek N., Investigation of the effects of cryogenic treatment applied on coated tungsten carbide tools on machinability of AISI H11 steel. Duzce University Journal of Science &Technology 8(2), 1650-60, 2020.
• Altan Özbek, N., Cicek, A., Gülesin, M., Özbek, O. Application of deep cryogenic treatment to uncoated tungsten carbide inserts in the turning of AISI 304 stainless steel. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 47(12), 6270-6280, 2016.
• Özbek, O., Investigation of the effects of temper temperature, holding time and cooling environment on the hardness of Al 7050-T7451 alloy after cryogenic processing. International Marmara Sciences Congress (IMASCON 2021 Autumn), 10-11 December 2021, Kocaeli.
• Prince R.M.R., Selvakumar N., Arulkirubakaran D., Singh S.C.E., Ramkumar T., Kumar R. M., Surface structural features and wear analysis of a multilayer Ti6Al4V-B4C thin film coated AISI 1040 steel. Materials Research Express, 7(1), 016436, 2020.
• Rajan T. V., Sharma C. P., Sharma, A., Heat treatment: Principles and techniques, New Delhi, PHI Learing Private Limited, pp. 1-276, 2011.
• Talaş Ş., Seyit Sarı M., Sow A., Aktaş, H., Heat treatment and microstructural analysis of 54SiCr6 and 60SiMn5 spring steels, Journal of Materials and Mechatronics: A (JournalMM) 1(2), 76-84, 2020.
• Vander G. F., Metallographic techniques for tool steels, Metallographic techniques for tool steels, pp. 644-669, 2004.
• Yıldız E., Altan Özbek N. Effect of cryogenic treatment and tempering temperature on mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 431 steel. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry 6 (1), 74–82, 2022.
• Zhirafar S., Rezaeian A., Pugh M., Effect of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of 4340 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 186(1-3), 298-303, 2007.