Çift Sargılı IPM Makinaların Çalışma Modları ve Geçici Halleri Üzerine Sayısal İncelemeler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 257 - 274, 18.12.2022

Tayfun Gündoğdu

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1188617

Öz

Bu makale, 2010 Toyota Prius gömülü tip kalıcı mıknatıslı makina spesifikasyonları kullanılarak tasarlanan çift sargılı gömülü tip kalıcı mıknatıslı (DWIPM) bir makinenin akı zayıflaması özelliklerini ve geçici hal tepkisini incelemektedir. Ana akıyı ayarlamak için, çift sargılar ayrı aynı invertörler tarafından beslenir. Böylece, yüksek hız gereksinimleri için önemli ölçüde yüksek moment, invertörlerden birinin açık devre yapılmasıyla kolayca elde edilebilir. DWIPM makinesinin, normal sürüş veya invertörlerden birinin devre dışı bırakılması sırasında meydana gelen moment ve akım darbeleri dahil olmak üzere geçici tepkisi de farklı çalışma modları için incelenmiştir. Önerilen DWIPM makinesinin akı zayıflatıcı performans özellikleri, çift sargılı topolojinin avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını vurgulamak için tek beslemeli muadili ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, kararlı hal performans karakteristikleri, moment/hız ve güç/hız eğrileri, verimlilik haritaları, makine geçici tepkisi, faz başına çeşitli dönüş sayıları ve akım genlikleri ile farklı makine tasarım seçenekleri ve çift sargılar arasındaki elektromanyetik kuplajın önemi, gibi önemli konular ele alınmıştır. Geçici ve kararlı durum analizleri için iki böyutlu, doğrusal olmayan, zaman adımlı sonlu elemanlar yöntemi (FEM) kullanılmıştır. Önerilen DWIPM makinasının, özellikle sabit güç bölgesinde yüksek güç ve sabit tork bölgesinde yüksek verim ve çalışma modu değişimi sırasında meydana gelen oldukça düşük akım ve moment titreşimleri olmak üzere önemli ölçüde geliştirilmiş akı zayıflama özellikleri gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akı zayıflatan, gömülü tip kalıcı mıknatıslı makine, çift sargılı topoloji, elektrikli taşıt uygulaması, geçici hal tepki.

Numerical Investigations on Operation Modes and Transients of IPM Machines with Dual Windings

Öz

This paper investigates the flux-weakening characteristics and transient response of a dual winding interior permanent magnet (DWIPM) machine designed using the 2010 Toyota Prius IPM Machine specifications. In order to thoroughly adjust the main flux, dual windings are fed by separate identical inverters. Thus, significantly high-torque for high-speed requirements can be simply achieved by making one of the inverters open-circuited. Transient response of the DWIPM machine, including torque and current pulsations, occurring during normal drive or deactivation of one of the inverters has also been investigated for different operation modes. The flux-weakening performance characteristics of the proposed DWIPM machine have been compared with those of its single-fed counterpart in order to highlight the benefits and drawbacks of the dual-winding topology. The steady-state performance characteristics, torque/speed and power/speed curves, efficiency maps, machine transient response, different machine design options with various numbers of turns per phase and current amplitudes, and the importance of the electromagnetic coupling between dual windings have all been addressed. For transient and steady-state analyses, 2D, nonlinear, time-stepping finite element method (FEM) has been employed. It has been revealed that the proposed DWIPM machine exhibit significantly improved flux-weakening characteristics, particularly high-power at constant power region and high efficiency at constant torque region, and quite low current and torque pulsations occurring during operation mode change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Flux-weakening, interior permanent magnet machine, dual winding topology, traction application, transient response.

Kaynakça

• Barcaro M., Bianchi N., Magnussen F., Analysis and Tests of a Dual Three-Phase 12-Slot 10-Pole Permanent-Magnet Motor. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 46(6), 2355-2362, 2010.
• Copt F., Koechli C., Perriard Y., Minimizing the Circulating Currents of a Slotless BLDC Motor Through Winding Reconfiguration. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Montreal, QC, Canada, 20-24 September 2015, pp. 6497-6502.
• Daniels B., Gurung J., Huisman H., Lomonova E. A., Feasibility Study of Multi-Phase Machine Winding Reconfiguration for Fully Electric Vehicles, International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER), Monte-Carlo, Monaco, 02-10 May 2019, pp: 1-6.
• Dubey G. K., Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 07632, 1989.
• Fuchs E. F., Schraud J., Fuchs F. S., Analysis of Critical-Speed Increase of Induction Machines via Winding Reconfiguration with Solid-State Switches. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 23(3), 774-780, 2008.
• Fukuda K., Akatsu K., 5-Phase Double Winding PMSM With Integrated SiC Inverter for in-Wheel Motor, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Harbin, China, 11-14 August 2019, pp: 1-5.
• Gundogdu T., Design and Analysis of Double Fed Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications, IEEE IAS Global Conference on Emerging Technologies (GlobConET), Arad, Romania, 20-22 May 2022, pp: 1036-1042.
• Gündoğdu T., Improving the Flux-Weakening Capability of Interior Permanent Magnet Machines by Number of Turns Changing Methodology. Turkish Journal of Science and Technology 17(2), 375-394, 2022.
• Hijikata H., Akatsu K., Design Technique and Online Winding Reconfigurations Method of MATRIX Motor, International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Harbin, China, 02-05 June 2012, pp: 713-718.
• Im S. H., Park G. M., Gu B. G., Novel Winding Changeover Method for a High Efficiency AC Motor Drive, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, 29 Sept. – 03 Oct. 2019, pp: 2347-2352.
• Kume T., Iwakane T., Sawa T. Y., Nagai I., A Wide Constant Power Range Vector-Controlled AC Motor Drive Using Winding Changeover Technique. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 27(5), 934-939, 1991.
• Kume T., Swamy M., A Quick Transition Electronic Winding Changeover Technique for Extended Speed Ranges, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Aachen, Germany, 20-25 June 2004, pp: 3384-3389.
• Lin M., Li D., Zhao Y., Ren X., Qu R., Improvement of Starting Performance for Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motors by Winding Reconfiguration. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56(3), 2441-2450, 2020.
• Maemura A., Morimoto S., Yamada K., Sawa T., Kume T. J., Swamy M. M., A Novel Method for Extending Stroke Length in Moving Magnet Type Linear Motor Drive System by Employing Winding Changeover Technique. IEEJ International Power Electronics Conference, Niigata, Japan, 2005.
• Noguchi S., Dohmeki H., Improvement of Torque Ripple Characteristics of Double Winding PMSM with Using Twin Inverters, IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG), Singapore, 23-27 April 2018, pp: 1-5.
• Sadeghi S., Guo L., Toliyat H. A., Parsa L., Wide Operational Speed Range of Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Machines by Using Different Stator Winding Configurations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 59(6), 2621-2631, 2012.
• Schraud J., Fuchs E. F., Fuchs H. A., Experimental Verification of Critical-Speed Increase of Single-Phase Induction Machines via Winding Reconfiguration with Solid-State Switches. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 23(2), 460-465, 2008.
• Sin S., Ayub M., Kwon B. I., Operation Method of Non-Salient Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Extended Speed Range. IEEE Access 8, 105922-105935, 2020.
• Swamy M. M., Kume T. A., Morimoto S., Extended High-Speed Operation Via Electronic Winding-Change Method for AC Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 42(3), 742-752, 2006.
• Takatsuka Y., Hara H., Yamada K., Maemura A., Kume T., A Wide Speed Range High Efficiency EV Drive System Using Winding Changeover Technique and SiC Devices, International Power Electronics Conference, Hiroshima, Japan, 18-21 May 2014, pp: 1898-1903.
• Tang L., Burress T., Pries J. A Reconfigurable-Winding System for Electric Vehicle Drive Applications, IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Chicago, IL, USA, 22-24 June 2017, pp: 656-661.