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Tiran Roma Villası ve Mozaikleri (Arnavutluk)

Yıl 2018, , 155 - 171, 30.11.2018

Elda Omarı

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440588

Öz

Arnavutluk'un başkenti Tiran, Antik Çağlarda bir yerleşim merkezi olarak var olmamış, basit bir şekilde, Pompei için Ercolano’nun olduğu gibi, Dyrrachium’un asilzadelerinin kırsal yerleşim bölgesi olarak kabul edilmiştir. 1972'de Tiran'da, bir binanın inşaatı sırasında, Roma döneminde inşa edilen rustik bir villanın kalıntıları tesadüfen ortaya çıkarılmış ve bazı odaların çok renkli mozaiklerle dekore edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu villanın dört yüzyılı aşkın bir süre boyunca kullanıldığı ve birkaç nesli barındırdığı anlaşılmış ve bu nedenle arkeologlar tarafından İS 1. yüzyılın sonları ile 5. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmiştir.

Bu araştırmanın asıl amacı, mozaiklerin ve mozaiklerde kullanılan motiflerin dikkatli bir analizinin yapılması, mozaiklerin Balkanlar ve Adriyatik coğrafyasındaki yerinin belirlenmesi, mozaiklerin sahiplerinin ve moza-ikleri işleyen zanaatkârların tespit edilmesidir. İkinci amaç, Tiran için eşsiz bir örnek olan bu rustik villayı uluslararası bilimsel topluluğa sunmaktır.


Anahtar Kelimeler

Tiran mozaiği kırsal villa domus ecclesiae Roma Çağı’nda Arnavutluk Hristiyan Arnavutluk

Kaynakça

  • Anamali 1993 S. Anamali, “Architettura e decorazione tardoantica in Albania”, XL Corso di Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina, Ravenna, 460-461.
  • Anamali – Meksi 1972 S. Anamali – A. Meksi, Një zbulim arkeologjik në qytetin e Tiranës, Drita, 2 korrik, Tirana.
  • Atzakà 1984 P. Atzakà, “I mosaici pavimentali paleocristiani in Grecia. Contributo allo studio e alle relazioni fra i laboratori”, XXXI Corso di Cultura sull’arte ravennate e Bizantina. La Grecia paleocristiana e bizantina (Ravenna, 7-14 aprile 1984), Ravenna, 1-75.
  • Atzakà 1987 P. Atzakà, Συνταγμα. Τον. Παλαιοχριετιανικον. Ψηφιδωτων Δαπεδων τηε Ελλαδο, II. Πελοποννεσος - Στερεα Ελλαδ. Θεσσαλονικη.
  • Atzakà 1988 P. Atzakà, Corpus mosaicorum christianorum vetustiorum pavimentorum Graecorum, I. Graecia insularis, Thessalonicae.
  • Barnea 1977 I. Barnea, Les monuments paléochretiens de Roumanie, Rome.
  • Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia, IV. Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Roma.
  • Blake 1936 M. E. Blake, “Roman mosaic of the II century”, Memoirs of American Academy in Rome XIII, Bergamo.
  • Bowes 2008 K. Bowes, Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity, Cambridge.
  • Bruneau 1972 Ph. Bruneau, Les Mosaïques, Délos 29, Paris.
  • Bueno 2011 M. Bueno, Mosaici e pavimenti della Toscana. II secolo a.C. – V secolo d.C., Roma.
  • Cabanes et al. 2008 P. Cabanes - M. Korkuti - A. Baçe - N. Ceka, Harta arkeologjike e Shqipërisë, Tiranë.
  • Ceka 2006 N. Ceka, Udhëtim në kështjellat ilire, Tiranë.
  • Ceka – Muçaj 2005 N. Ceka – S. Muçaj, Bylis, Tirana.
  • Chavarría Arnau 2009 A. Chavarría Arnau, Archeologia delle chiese. Dalle origini all’anno Mille, Roma.
  • Chavarría Arnau 2010 A. Chavarría Arnau, “Churches and Villas in the 5th Century. Reflections on Italian Archaeological Data”, P. Delogu - S. Gasparri (eds.), Le trasformazioni del V secolo. L’Italia, i barbari e l’Occidente romano. Atti del Seminario di Poggibonsi, 18-20 ottobre 2007, Turnhout, 639-662.
  • Cvetković Tomašević 1994 G. Cvetković Tomašević, “Mosaïques découvertes à Ulpiana en 1982 et un groupe de mosaïques du IVe siècle. Essai de datation et d’interprétation”, IVe Colloque international pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 145-146.
  • De Matteis 2013 L. M. De Matteis, Mosaici tardoantichi dell’isola di Cos. Scavi italiani 1912-1945, Oxford.
  • Décor I C. Balmelle – M. Blanchard Lemée – J. Christophe – J.-P. Darmon – A.-M. Guimier Sorbets – H. Lavagne – R. Prudhomme – H. Stern, Le Décor Géométrique de la Mosaïque Romaine I, Paris, 1985.
  • Décor II C. Balmelle – M. Blanchard Lemée – J.-P. Darmon – S. Gozlan – M.-P. Raynaud, Le Décor Géométrique de la Mosaïque Romaine II, Paris, 2002.
  • Destani – Elsie 2008 B. Destani – R. Elsie, Edward Lear in Albania: Journals of a landscape painter in the Balkans, London-New York.
  • Fiorella et al. 2006 G. Fiorella – M. Macchiarola – S. Patete – G. Volpe, “I mosaici della villa tardoantica di S. Giusto (Lucera, Foggia): dallo scavo al museo”, Atti dell’ XI Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico (Ancona, 16-19 febbraio 2005), Roma, 453-464.
  • Gilkes 2004 O. Gilkes, Albania: an archaeological guide, London.
  • Guimier-Sorbets 2004 A. M. Guimier-Sorbets, “Les mosaïques de Crète et d’Alexandrie: rapports et influences”, Creta romana e protobizantina, Atti del Convegno Internazionale (Iraklion, 23-30 settembre 2000), Padova, 1163-1172.
  • Kessiakova 1994 E. Kessiakova, “Nouveaux pavements de mosaïque à Philippopolis”, IVe Colloque International pour l’Etude de la Mosaïque Antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 165-169.
  • Kolarik 1989 R. E. Kolarik, The floor mosaics of Stobi and their Balkan context, Cambridge.
  • Levi 1947 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements, vol. I-II, Wisconsin.
  • Markoulaki - Christoudoulakos 2004 S. Markoulaki – G. Christoudoulakos, “I archea Kisamos ke i poleodomiki tis organosi”, Creta romana e protobizantina, Atti del Convegno Internazionale (Iraklion, 23-30 settembre 2000), II, Padova, 355-373.
  • Mirabella Roberti 1994 M. Mirabella Roberti, “Nuovi mosaici dalla Villa romana di Desenzano”, IVe Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 107-114.
  • Mitchell 2008 J. Mitchell, The Butrint baptistery and its mosaics, Rome.
  • Mitchell 2011 J. Mitchell, “The mosaic pavements and painted walls of the domus”, Butrint 3, Excavations at the Triconch Palace, Oxford, 231-276.
  • Miti 2005 A. Miti, La cristianizzazione degli edifici abitativi tra tarda antichità ed alto medioevo, in ambito mediterraneo, Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Siena, Siena.
  • Morricone Martini 1967 M. L. Morricone Martini, Mosaici Antichi in Italia, Regione Prima, Roma: Reg. X, Palatinum, Roma, 48-49.
  • Muçaj 1987 S. Muçaj, “Bazilika A e Bylisit”, Iliria XVII, 1, 173-190.
  • Omari 2009 E. Omari, Storia e sviluppo dei rivestimenti pavimentali nell’area sud occidentale dei Balcani. L’Albania (fine del IV /inizio del III sec. a.C. – VI sec. d.C.), Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Padua, Padova.
  • Omari 2011 E. Omari, “The history and developement of the mosaics in Albania (4th/3rd century B.C. – 6th century A.D.)”, M. Șahin (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics (october 16th-20th, 2009), Bursa, Turkey, İstanbul, 675-691.
  • Omari 2013 E. Omari, “La banca dati ‘Tess’ e la cultura musiva in Albania”, Anales de Arqueología Cordobesa, 23-24, Cordoba, 373-384.
  • Omari – Bonini 2016 E. Omari – P. Bonini, “The Athena domus at Apollonia (Albania): A reassessment”, JMR 9, 23-38.
  • Piccirillo 1989 M. Piccirillo, “Recenti scoperte di archeologia cristiana in Giordania”, Actes du XIe Congrès International d’Archéologie Chrétienne (Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève, Aoste, 21-28 septembre 1986), Roma, 1697-1735.
  • Procopius 1961 Procopius 7, Buildings. General index to Procopius, with the collaboration of Glanville Downey, Cambridge – London.
  • Raynaud 1996 M-P. Raynaud “La composition en croix de U dans la mosaïque de pavement”, RA 1, 69-102.
  • Riccioni 1994 G. Riccioni, “La casa romana presso l’Arco di Augusto a Rimini, Fasi di costruzione e pavimenti musivi”, IVe Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 77-82.
  • Rinaldi 2007 F. Rinaldi, Mosaici e pavimenti del Veneto. Provincia di Padova, Rovigo, Verona e Vicenza (I sec. a.C. – VI sec. d.C.), Roma.
  • Roffia 1997 E. Roffia, “Sirmione, le ‘Grotte di Catullo’”, Ville romane sul Lago di Garda, Milano, 141-170.
  • Salvetti 2013 C. Salvetti, I mosaici antichi pavimentali e parietali e i sectilia pavimenta di Roma nelle Collezioni Capitoline, Pisa-Roma, 283-285.
  • Salzmann 1982 D. Salzmann, Untersuchungen zu den antiken Kieselmosaiken von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn der Tesseratechnik, Berlin.
  • Sfameni 2014 C. Sfameni, Residenze e culti in età tardoantica, Roma.
  • Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The mosaics of Roman Crete, Art, Archaeology and Social Change, Cambridge.
  • Valeva 2011 J. Valeva, “Une riche domus de Stara Zagora (Augusta Trajana-Beroe): publication préliminaire”, M. Șahin (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics (october 16th-20th, 2009), Bursa, Turkey, İstanbul, 927-940.
  • Volpe 2002 G. Volpe, San Giusto, La villa, le ecclesiae, Guida alla mostra, Bari.
  • Zovatto 1971 P. L. Zovatto Grado, Antichi monumenti, Bologna.
  • Web references:
  • http://imk.gov.al/site/?page_id=1742
  • http://tess.beniculturali.unipd.it/web/home/

The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics

Yıl 2018, , 155 - 171, 30.11.2018

Elda Omarı

https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440588

Öz

Tirana, the capital city of Albania, in Antiquity did not exist as an inhabited centre, simply it was considered a rural area, the residential territory of Dyrrachium patricians, as was Ercolano for Pompeii. In 1972 in Tirana, during the construction of a building, the remains of a rustic villa built in Roman Period were brought to light accidentally, and some of the rooms were decorated with polychrome mosaics. This villa was used for more than four centuries and it has several phases of life, for this reason it was dated by the archaeologists between the end of the 1st and the 5th century AD.

The principal goal of the research is the punctual analysis of the mosaics motifs and their contextualization in the Balkan and Adriatic area, to identify the owner and the craftsmen who live and work in it. The second goal is to present to the international scientific community this rustic villa, a unique case for Tirana.


Anahtar Kelimeler

Tirana mosaic rustic villa domus ecclesiae Roman Albania Christian Albania Christian Albania

Kaynakça

  • Anamali 1993 S. Anamali, “Architettura e decorazione tardoantica in Albania”, XL Corso di Cultura sull’Arte Ravennate e Bizantina, Ravenna, 460-461.
  • Anamali – Meksi 1972 S. Anamali – A. Meksi, Një zbulim arkeologjik në qytetin e Tiranës, Drita, 2 korrik, Tirana.
  • Atzakà 1984 P. Atzakà, “I mosaici pavimentali paleocristiani in Grecia. Contributo allo studio e alle relazioni fra i laboratori”, XXXI Corso di Cultura sull’arte ravennate e Bizantina. La Grecia paleocristiana e bizantina (Ravenna, 7-14 aprile 1984), Ravenna, 1-75.
  • Atzakà 1987 P. Atzakà, Συνταγμα. Τον. Παλαιοχριετιανικον. Ψηφιδωτων Δαπεδων τηε Ελλαδο, II. Πελοποννεσος - Στερεα Ελλαδ. Θεσσαλονικη.
  • Atzakà 1988 P. Atzakà, Corpus mosaicorum christianorum vetustiorum pavimentorum Graecorum, I. Graecia insularis, Thessalonicae.
  • Barnea 1977 I. Barnea, Les monuments paléochretiens de Roumanie, Rome.
  • Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia, IV. Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Roma.
  • Blake 1936 M. E. Blake, “Roman mosaic of the II century”, Memoirs of American Academy in Rome XIII, Bergamo.
  • Bowes 2008 K. Bowes, Private Worship, Public Values, and Religious Change in Late Antiquity, Cambridge.
  • Bruneau 1972 Ph. Bruneau, Les Mosaïques, Délos 29, Paris.
  • Bueno 2011 M. Bueno, Mosaici e pavimenti della Toscana. II secolo a.C. – V secolo d.C., Roma.
  • Cabanes et al. 2008 P. Cabanes - M. Korkuti - A. Baçe - N. Ceka, Harta arkeologjike e Shqipërisë, Tiranë.
  • Ceka 2006 N. Ceka, Udhëtim në kështjellat ilire, Tiranë.
  • Ceka – Muçaj 2005 N. Ceka – S. Muçaj, Bylis, Tirana.
  • Chavarría Arnau 2009 A. Chavarría Arnau, Archeologia delle chiese. Dalle origini all’anno Mille, Roma.
  • Chavarría Arnau 2010 A. Chavarría Arnau, “Churches and Villas in the 5th Century. Reflections on Italian Archaeological Data”, P. Delogu - S. Gasparri (eds.), Le trasformazioni del V secolo. L’Italia, i barbari e l’Occidente romano. Atti del Seminario di Poggibonsi, 18-20 ottobre 2007, Turnhout, 639-662.
  • Cvetković Tomašević 1994 G. Cvetković Tomašević, “Mosaïques découvertes à Ulpiana en 1982 et un groupe de mosaïques du IVe siècle. Essai de datation et d’interprétation”, IVe Colloque international pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 145-146.
  • De Matteis 2013 L. M. De Matteis, Mosaici tardoantichi dell’isola di Cos. Scavi italiani 1912-1945, Oxford.
  • Décor I C. Balmelle – M. Blanchard Lemée – J. Christophe – J.-P. Darmon – A.-M. Guimier Sorbets – H. Lavagne – R. Prudhomme – H. Stern, Le Décor Géométrique de la Mosaïque Romaine I, Paris, 1985.
  • Décor II C. Balmelle – M. Blanchard Lemée – J.-P. Darmon – S. Gozlan – M.-P. Raynaud, Le Décor Géométrique de la Mosaïque Romaine II, Paris, 2002.
  • Destani – Elsie 2008 B. Destani – R. Elsie, Edward Lear in Albania: Journals of a landscape painter in the Balkans, London-New York.
  • Fiorella et al. 2006 G. Fiorella – M. Macchiarola – S. Patete – G. Volpe, “I mosaici della villa tardoantica di S. Giusto (Lucera, Foggia): dallo scavo al museo”, Atti dell’ XI Colloquio dell’Associazione Italiana per lo Studio e la Conservazione del Mosaico (Ancona, 16-19 febbraio 2005), Roma, 453-464.
  • Gilkes 2004 O. Gilkes, Albania: an archaeological guide, London.
  • Guimier-Sorbets 2004 A. M. Guimier-Sorbets, “Les mosaïques de Crète et d’Alexandrie: rapports et influences”, Creta romana e protobizantina, Atti del Convegno Internazionale (Iraklion, 23-30 settembre 2000), Padova, 1163-1172.
  • Kessiakova 1994 E. Kessiakova, “Nouveaux pavements de mosaïque à Philippopolis”, IVe Colloque International pour l’Etude de la Mosaïque Antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 165-169.
  • Kolarik 1989 R. E. Kolarik, The floor mosaics of Stobi and their Balkan context, Cambridge.
  • Levi 1947 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements, vol. I-II, Wisconsin.
  • Markoulaki - Christoudoulakos 2004 S. Markoulaki – G. Christoudoulakos, “I archea Kisamos ke i poleodomiki tis organosi”, Creta romana e protobizantina, Atti del Convegno Internazionale (Iraklion, 23-30 settembre 2000), II, Padova, 355-373.
  • Mirabella Roberti 1994 M. Mirabella Roberti, “Nuovi mosaici dalla Villa romana di Desenzano”, IVe Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 107-114.
  • Mitchell 2008 J. Mitchell, The Butrint baptistery and its mosaics, Rome.
  • Mitchell 2011 J. Mitchell, “The mosaic pavements and painted walls of the domus”, Butrint 3, Excavations at the Triconch Palace, Oxford, 231-276.
  • Miti 2005 A. Miti, La cristianizzazione degli edifici abitativi tra tarda antichità ed alto medioevo, in ambito mediterraneo, Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Siena, Siena.
  • Morricone Martini 1967 M. L. Morricone Martini, Mosaici Antichi in Italia, Regione Prima, Roma: Reg. X, Palatinum, Roma, 48-49.
  • Muçaj 1987 S. Muçaj, “Bazilika A e Bylisit”, Iliria XVII, 1, 173-190.
  • Omari 2009 E. Omari, Storia e sviluppo dei rivestimenti pavimentali nell’area sud occidentale dei Balcani. L’Albania (fine del IV /inizio del III sec. a.C. – VI sec. d.C.), Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Padua, Padova.
  • Omari 2011 E. Omari, “The history and developement of the mosaics in Albania (4th/3rd century B.C. – 6th century A.D.)”, M. Șahin (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics (october 16th-20th, 2009), Bursa, Turkey, İstanbul, 675-691.
  • Omari 2013 E. Omari, “La banca dati ‘Tess’ e la cultura musiva in Albania”, Anales de Arqueología Cordobesa, 23-24, Cordoba, 373-384.
  • Omari – Bonini 2016 E. Omari – P. Bonini, “The Athena domus at Apollonia (Albania): A reassessment”, JMR 9, 23-38.
  • Piccirillo 1989 M. Piccirillo, “Recenti scoperte di archeologia cristiana in Giordania”, Actes du XIe Congrès International d’Archéologie Chrétienne (Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève, Aoste, 21-28 septembre 1986), Roma, 1697-1735.
  • Procopius 1961 Procopius 7, Buildings. General index to Procopius, with the collaboration of Glanville Downey, Cambridge – London.
  • Raynaud 1996 M-P. Raynaud “La composition en croix de U dans la mosaïque de pavement”, RA 1, 69-102.
  • Riccioni 1994 G. Riccioni, “La casa romana presso l’Arco di Augusto a Rimini, Fasi di costruzione e pavimenti musivi”, IVe Colloque International pour l’Étude de la Mosaïque Antique (Trèves, 8-14 août 1984), Paris, 77-82.
  • Rinaldi 2007 F. Rinaldi, Mosaici e pavimenti del Veneto. Provincia di Padova, Rovigo, Verona e Vicenza (I sec. a.C. – VI sec. d.C.), Roma.
  • Roffia 1997 E. Roffia, “Sirmione, le ‘Grotte di Catullo’”, Ville romane sul Lago di Garda, Milano, 141-170.
  • Salvetti 2013 C. Salvetti, I mosaici antichi pavimentali e parietali e i sectilia pavimenta di Roma nelle Collezioni Capitoline, Pisa-Roma, 283-285.
  • Salzmann 1982 D. Salzmann, Untersuchungen zu den antiken Kieselmosaiken von den Anfängen bis zum Beginn der Tesseratechnik, Berlin.
  • Sfameni 2014 C. Sfameni, Residenze e culti in età tardoantica, Roma.
  • Sweetman 2013 R. J. Sweetman, The mosaics of Roman Crete, Art, Archaeology and Social Change, Cambridge.
  • Valeva 2011 J. Valeva, “Une riche domus de Stara Zagora (Augusta Trajana-Beroe): publication préliminaire”, M. Șahin (ed.), 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics (october 16th-20th, 2009), Bursa, Turkey, İstanbul, 927-940.
  • Volpe 2002 G. Volpe, San Giusto, La villa, le ecclesiae, Guida alla mostra, Bari.
  • Zovatto 1971 P. L. Zovatto Grado, Antichi monumenti, Bologna.
  • Web references:
  • http://imk.gov.al/site/?page_id=1742
  • http://tess.beniculturali.unipd.it/web/home/
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Makele
Yazarlar

Elda Omarı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5045-3011

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Omarı, E. (2018). The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics. Journal of Mosaic Research(11), 155-171. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440588
AMA Omarı E. The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics. JMR. Kasım 2018;(11):155-171. doi:10.26658/jmr.440588
Chicago Omarı, Elda. “The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 11 (Kasım 2018): 155-71. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440588.
EndNote Omarı E (01 Kasım 2018) The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics. Journal of Mosaic Research 11 155–171.
IEEE E. Omarı, “The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics”, JMR, sy. 11, ss. 155–171, Kasım 2018, doi: 10.26658/jmr.440588.
ISNAD Omarı, Elda. “The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics”. Journal of Mosaic Research 11 (Kasım 2018), 155-171. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.440588.
JAMA Omarı E. The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics. JMR. 2018;:155–171.
MLA Omarı, Elda. “The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 11, 2018, ss. 155-71, doi:10.26658/jmr.440588.
Vancouver Omarı E. The Roman Villa of Tirana (Albania) and Its Mosaics. JMR. 2018(11):155-71.

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