Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 15, 87 - 104, 09.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143736

Öz

This iconographic and iconological analysis has shown the existence of a long tradition about this subject, that is Achilles on Skyros in the emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma. This tradition dates back to the 1st century AD and it concerns the Roman mosaic and painting. The model of Achilles on Skyros travelled from the West to the East, especially from Italy (Rome and Pompeii) towards the eastern part of the Roman Empire. This model arrived in Zeugma on the Euphrates at the beginning of the third century AD, under Caracalla (211-217 CE). The rich owner (dominus) and client of the Poseidon Villa was to be a high officer of Caracalla belonging to Legio IV Scythica or Parthica. In fact Zeugma became the settlement of this Roman legion and the outpost against the Parthians, above all during the reign of Septimius Severus (193-211 CE) and under his successor Caracalla. The dominus of the Poseidon Villa made the imperial propaganda his own by choosing the subject of Achilles on Skyros, which was very favourite by Caracalla on the ideological level, as the subject of Alexander the Great (Cfr. Cassius Dio, Herodian, Scriptores Historiae Augustae). The myth of Achilles on Skyros is very ancient (Cfr. Cypria, Pindar, Sophocles, Euripides) and privileged by Roman (Domus Aurea) and Pompeian painting and mosaic dating back to the emperor Nero, ardent admirer both Achilles and Alexander the Great, as Caracalla.

Kaynakça

  • Abadie-Reynal 2008 C. Abadie-Reynal, “Eaux décoratives, eaux symboliques à Zeugma”, Syria 85, 99-117.
  • Balty 2013 J. Balty, “Achille à Skyros: polysémie de l’image mythologique”, M. Galinier - F. Baratte (eds.), Iconographie funéraire et société: corpus antique, approches nouvelles? Collection Histoire de l’art 3, Perpignan, 117-130.
  • Bragantini 1993 I. Bragantini, “Casa dei Dioscuri (VI 9, 6.7)”, PPM IV, Roma, 860-1003.
  • Bragantini 1999 I. Bragantini, “Casa di Achille (IX 5, 1-3)”, PPM IX, Roma, 370-399.
  • Brelich 1955-1957 A. Brelich, “Les Monosandales”, NouvClio 7-9, 469-484.
  • Calza 1960 R. Calza, “s. v. Giulia Domna”, EAA III, Roma, 922-924.
  • Capocci 1930 V. Capocci, “s. v. L’editto di Caracalla”, Enciclopedia Italiana, VIII, Milano-Roma, 925-926.
  • Caso 2014 L. Caso, “Achille nel complesso musivo della Casa di Apollo a Pompei”, AISCOM XX Roma, 543-554.
  • Caso 2016 L. Caso, “L’emblema con icone teatrali dal tablino della Casa del Poeta Tragico a Pompei”, AISCOM XXII Matera, 617-630.
  • De Caro 2019 S. De Caro, I mosaici e la Casa del Fauno, Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, Milano.
  • Delbarre et al. 2008 S. Delbarre, - M. Fuchs - C.-A. Paratte, “Achilles on Skyros: Crossing over Architecture, Mosaic and Wall Painting”, M. Şahin (ed.), The Proceedings of IV. International Mosaic Corpus of Türkiye, The Mosaic Bridge from Past to Present, Bursa, 35-42.
  • Dickmann 1998 J.-A. Dickmann, “Casa dei Postumii (VIII 4, 4.49)”, PPM VIII, Roma, 451-517.
  • Dunbabin 2004 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “Problems in the Iconography of Roman mime”, C. Hugoniot - F. Hurlet - S. Milanezi (eds.), Le statut de l’acteur dans l’antiquité grecque et romaine, Actes du colloque qui s’est tenu à Tours les, Tours.
  • Dunbabin 2008 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “Domestic Dionysus? Telete in mosaics from Zeugma and the late Roman Near East”, JRA 21, 193-224.
  • Dunbabin 2018 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “The Transformations of Achilles on Late Roman Mosaics in the East”, L. Audley-Miller - B. Dignas (eds.), Wandering Myths, Transcultural Uses of Myth in the Ancient World, 357-395.
  • Ergeç et al. 2007 R. Ergeç (ed.) - M. Önal - F. Bulgan - H. Güllüce - A. Beyazlar - B. Balcıoğlu - T. Atalay (haz.), Belkıs - Zeugma ve Mozaikleri, İstanbul.
  • Felletti Maj 1959 B. M. Felletti Maj, “s. v. Caracalla”, EAA II, Roma, 336-338.
  • Galimberti 2019 A. Galimberti, Caracalla, Roma.
  • Ghedini 1984 F. Ghedini, Giulia Domna tra Oriente e Occidente. Le fonti archeologiche, Roma.
  • Ghedini 1996 F. Ghedini, “Achille a Sciro nella tradizione musiva tardo antica. Iconografia e iconologia”, AISCOM IV Palermo, 687-704.
  • Goette 1988 H. R. Goette, “Mulleus, Embas, Calceus: Ikonografische Studien zu romischem Schuhwerk”, JdI 103, 401-464.
  • Grasso 2009 F. Grasso, “Achille a Sciro. Pompei, Casa dei Dioscuri”, I. Bragantini - V. Sampaolo (eds.), La Pittura Pompeiana, Verona, 312-313.
  • Heuzey 1890 L. Heuzey, “s. v. calceus”, Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines II, Paris, 815-820.
  • Iacopi 1999 I. Iacopi, Domus Aurea, Roma.
  • Kossatz-Deissmann 1981 A. Kossatz-Deissmann, “s. v. Achilleus”, LIMC, I1, 37-200.
  • Massara 2018 D. Massara, “Il mosaico con le Province da Belkis-Zeugma. Una riconsiderazione a partire dai frammenti di Gerusalemme”. F. Ciliberto (ed.), Tra servizio civile e missioni estere: il contributo dell’Italia ai beni culturali della Terra Santa, Atti del Convegno Internazionale e Inter-Ateneo, Campobasso, 155-186.
  • Neira Jiménez 2012 M. L. Neira Jiménez, “En torno a la representaciόn de Aquiles en Scyros de la villa de La Olmeda a la luz de los nuevos descubrimientos de mosaicos”, Homenaje a Javier Cortes Álvarez de Miranda, Santander /Palencia, 93-100.
  • Önal 2010 M. Önal, Mosaics of Zeugma, İstanbul.
  • Önal 2012 M. Önal, “Fouilles du Musée de Gaziantep dans la Maison de Poséidon (ou Maison 1) et la Maison de l’Euphrate (ou Maisons 2 et 3)”, Années 1999-2000, Zeugma I. Fouilles de l’habitat (1): La Mosaïque de Pasiphae, sous la direction de C. Abadie-Reynal et R. Ergeç, Paris, 65-182.
  • Pagliaro 1929 A. Pagliaro, “s. v. Artabano”, Enciclopedia Italiana IV, Milano-Roma, 629.
  • Pappalardo - Ciardiello 2010 U. Pappalardo - R. Ciardiello, Mosaici Greci e Romani. Tappeti di pietra in età ellenistica e romana, Verona.
  • Rinaldi Tufi 2001 S. Rinaldi Tufi, Archeologia delle province romane, Roma.
  • Rostovtzeff 1926 M. Rostovtzeff, The social and economic history of the Roman Empire, Oxford.
  • Saatsoglou-Paliadeli 2007 C. Saatsoglou-Paliadeli, “La peinture de la Chasse de Vergina”, Peinture et couleur dans le monde grec antique, sous la direction de S. Descamps-Lequime, Actes de Colloque, Musée du Louvre, Milan-Paris, 47-55.
  • Sampaolo 1994 V. Sampaolo, “Casa dei Vettii (VI 15, 1)”, PPM V, Roma, 468-572.
  • Veyne 2016 P. Veyne, La Villa des Mystères à Pompéi, Paris.

Zeugma’daki Poseidon Evi Emblemasından Skyros’taki Akhilleus: Caracalla ve Görüntülerin Gücü

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 15, 87 - 104, 09.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143736

Öz

Bu ikonografik ve ikonolojik analiz, Poseidon Evi’nin emblemasında yer alan Skyros’taki Akhilleus betimi ile ilgili uzun bir geleneğin Zeugma’daki varlığını göstermektedir. Bu gelenek İS 1. yüzyıla kadar uzanır ve Roma mozaiği ve resmi ile ilgilidir. Skyros’taki Akhilleus betimi Batı’dan Doğu’ya, özellikle İtalya’dan (Roma ve Pompeii) Roma İmparatorluğu’nun doğu kısmına doğru yayılmıştır. Bu model, İS 3. yüzyılın başında Caracalla (211-217) döneminde Fırat üzerindeki Zeugma’ya ulaşmıştır. Poseidon Villası’nın zengin sahibi (dominus) ve müşterisi, Legio IV Scythica veya Parthica’ya bağlı Caracalla’nın yüksek bir memuru olacaktı. Aslında Zeugma, her şeyden önce Septimius Severus’un (193-211) ve onun halefi Caracalla’nın saltanatı sırasında, bu Roma lejyonunun yerleşim yeri ve Partlara karşı ileri bir karakol olmuştur. Poseidon Villası’nın sahibi, Büyük İskender’in durumunda olduğu gibi, Caracalla’nın ideolojik düzeyde çok sevdiği Skyros’taki Akhilleus temasını seçerek imparatorluk propagandasını kendine mal etmiştir (Örn. Cassius Dio, Herodian, Scriptores Historiae Augustae). Skyros’taki Akhilleus miti çok eskiye dayanmaktadır (Örn. Cypria, Pindar, Sophocles, Euripides) ve hem Roma (Domus Aurea) hem de Pompeii resim ve mozaiğinde, Caracalla gibi hem Akhilleus hem de Büyük İskender’in coşkulu bir hayranı olan imparator Nero’ya kadar uzanır.

Kaynakça

  • Abadie-Reynal 2008 C. Abadie-Reynal, “Eaux décoratives, eaux symboliques à Zeugma”, Syria 85, 99-117.
  • Balty 2013 J. Balty, “Achille à Skyros: polysémie de l’image mythologique”, M. Galinier - F. Baratte (eds.), Iconographie funéraire et société: corpus antique, approches nouvelles? Collection Histoire de l’art 3, Perpignan, 117-130.
  • Bragantini 1993 I. Bragantini, “Casa dei Dioscuri (VI 9, 6.7)”, PPM IV, Roma, 860-1003.
  • Bragantini 1999 I. Bragantini, “Casa di Achille (IX 5, 1-3)”, PPM IX, Roma, 370-399.
  • Brelich 1955-1957 A. Brelich, “Les Monosandales”, NouvClio 7-9, 469-484.
  • Calza 1960 R. Calza, “s. v. Giulia Domna”, EAA III, Roma, 922-924.
  • Capocci 1930 V. Capocci, “s. v. L’editto di Caracalla”, Enciclopedia Italiana, VIII, Milano-Roma, 925-926.
  • Caso 2014 L. Caso, “Achille nel complesso musivo della Casa di Apollo a Pompei”, AISCOM XX Roma, 543-554.
  • Caso 2016 L. Caso, “L’emblema con icone teatrali dal tablino della Casa del Poeta Tragico a Pompei”, AISCOM XXII Matera, 617-630.
  • De Caro 2019 S. De Caro, I mosaici e la Casa del Fauno, Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, Milano.
  • Delbarre et al. 2008 S. Delbarre, - M. Fuchs - C.-A. Paratte, “Achilles on Skyros: Crossing over Architecture, Mosaic and Wall Painting”, M. Şahin (ed.), The Proceedings of IV. International Mosaic Corpus of Türkiye, The Mosaic Bridge from Past to Present, Bursa, 35-42.
  • Dickmann 1998 J.-A. Dickmann, “Casa dei Postumii (VIII 4, 4.49)”, PPM VIII, Roma, 451-517.
  • Dunbabin 2004 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “Problems in the Iconography of Roman mime”, C. Hugoniot - F. Hurlet - S. Milanezi (eds.), Le statut de l’acteur dans l’antiquité grecque et romaine, Actes du colloque qui s’est tenu à Tours les, Tours.
  • Dunbabin 2008 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “Domestic Dionysus? Telete in mosaics from Zeugma and the late Roman Near East”, JRA 21, 193-224.
  • Dunbabin 2018 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “The Transformations of Achilles on Late Roman Mosaics in the East”, L. Audley-Miller - B. Dignas (eds.), Wandering Myths, Transcultural Uses of Myth in the Ancient World, 357-395.
  • Ergeç et al. 2007 R. Ergeç (ed.) - M. Önal - F. Bulgan - H. Güllüce - A. Beyazlar - B. Balcıoğlu - T. Atalay (haz.), Belkıs - Zeugma ve Mozaikleri, İstanbul.
  • Felletti Maj 1959 B. M. Felletti Maj, “s. v. Caracalla”, EAA II, Roma, 336-338.
  • Galimberti 2019 A. Galimberti, Caracalla, Roma.
  • Ghedini 1984 F. Ghedini, Giulia Domna tra Oriente e Occidente. Le fonti archeologiche, Roma.
  • Ghedini 1996 F. Ghedini, “Achille a Sciro nella tradizione musiva tardo antica. Iconografia e iconologia”, AISCOM IV Palermo, 687-704.
  • Goette 1988 H. R. Goette, “Mulleus, Embas, Calceus: Ikonografische Studien zu romischem Schuhwerk”, JdI 103, 401-464.
  • Grasso 2009 F. Grasso, “Achille a Sciro. Pompei, Casa dei Dioscuri”, I. Bragantini - V. Sampaolo (eds.), La Pittura Pompeiana, Verona, 312-313.
  • Heuzey 1890 L. Heuzey, “s. v. calceus”, Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines II, Paris, 815-820.
  • Iacopi 1999 I. Iacopi, Domus Aurea, Roma.
  • Kossatz-Deissmann 1981 A. Kossatz-Deissmann, “s. v. Achilleus”, LIMC, I1, 37-200.
  • Massara 2018 D. Massara, “Il mosaico con le Province da Belkis-Zeugma. Una riconsiderazione a partire dai frammenti di Gerusalemme”. F. Ciliberto (ed.), Tra servizio civile e missioni estere: il contributo dell’Italia ai beni culturali della Terra Santa, Atti del Convegno Internazionale e Inter-Ateneo, Campobasso, 155-186.
  • Neira Jiménez 2012 M. L. Neira Jiménez, “En torno a la representaciόn de Aquiles en Scyros de la villa de La Olmeda a la luz de los nuevos descubrimientos de mosaicos”, Homenaje a Javier Cortes Álvarez de Miranda, Santander /Palencia, 93-100.
  • Önal 2010 M. Önal, Mosaics of Zeugma, İstanbul.
  • Önal 2012 M. Önal, “Fouilles du Musée de Gaziantep dans la Maison de Poséidon (ou Maison 1) et la Maison de l’Euphrate (ou Maisons 2 et 3)”, Années 1999-2000, Zeugma I. Fouilles de l’habitat (1): La Mosaïque de Pasiphae, sous la direction de C. Abadie-Reynal et R. Ergeç, Paris, 65-182.
  • Pagliaro 1929 A. Pagliaro, “s. v. Artabano”, Enciclopedia Italiana IV, Milano-Roma, 629.
  • Pappalardo - Ciardiello 2010 U. Pappalardo - R. Ciardiello, Mosaici Greci e Romani. Tappeti di pietra in età ellenistica e romana, Verona.
  • Rinaldi Tufi 2001 S. Rinaldi Tufi, Archeologia delle province romane, Roma.
  • Rostovtzeff 1926 M. Rostovtzeff, The social and economic history of the Roman Empire, Oxford.
  • Saatsoglou-Paliadeli 2007 C. Saatsoglou-Paliadeli, “La peinture de la Chasse de Vergina”, Peinture et couleur dans le monde grec antique, sous la direction de S. Descamps-Lequime, Actes de Colloque, Musée du Louvre, Milan-Paris, 47-55.
  • Sampaolo 1994 V. Sampaolo, “Casa dei Vettii (VI 15, 1)”, PPM V, Roma, 468-572.
  • Veyne 2016 P. Veyne, La Villa des Mystères à Pompéi, Paris.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Makele
Yazarlar

Laura Caso Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8903-4079

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Caso, L. (2022). Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images. Journal of Mosaic Research(15), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143736
AMA Caso L. Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images. JMR. Kasım 2022;(15):87-104. doi:10.26658/jmr.1143736
Chicago Caso, Laura. “Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 15 (Kasım 2022): 87-104. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143736.
EndNote Caso L (01 Kasım 2022) Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images. Journal of Mosaic Research 15 87–104.
IEEE L. Caso, “Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images”, JMR, sy. 15, ss. 87–104, Kasım 2022, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1143736.
ISNAD Caso, Laura. “Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images”. Journal of Mosaic Research 15 (Kasım 2022), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143736.
JAMA Caso L. Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images. JMR. 2022;:87–104.
MLA Caso, Laura. “Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 15, 2022, ss. 87-104, doi:10.26658/jmr.1143736.
Vancouver Caso L. Achilles on Skyros in the Emblema from the House of Poseidon at Zeugma: Caracalla and the Power of Images. JMR. 2022(15):87-104.

21079                 16193




22516          16207



                                                   16208                          16209



22362