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A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 295 - 306, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191

Öz

This article is a sequel to an earlier article of mine in JMR 15, 2020, dealing with mosaic imagery of figural content in Room 10 of the Villa Armira, an aristocratic residence of the Roman imperial era located in southeastern Bulgaria. The present study examines the large pavement of Antonine date decorating a different space in that building, Room 6, which was identified as a triclinium by the excavator, J. Mladenova. Various features of this mosaic’s iconography, first described and interpreted by Mladenova and later reaffirmed by G. Kabakchieva, are looked at afresh, in order to clarify their significance and to place this work of art in a broad art historical context. Comparisons are made with mosaic pavements and sculptural reliefs drawn from the eastern and western parts of the empire. Topics investigated include imagery of Medusa, the winds, the seasons, and a few animals, as well as profile heads of young men and women of uncertain meaning. Possible identifications of the latter individuals include household gods, the Penates, or geographic personifications of the region where the mosaic was made. This discussion also relates the design and figural content of the mosaic to the social function of Room 6, and helps confirm the pavement’s date.

Kaynakça

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Akurgal 1970 E. Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey, From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Roman Empire, Istanbul.
  • Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle - J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  • Balty 1977 J. Balty, Mosaïques antiques de Syrie, Brussels, Centre belge de Recherches archéologiques ã Apamée de Syrie.
  • Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia IV, Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Rome.
  • Belis 2016 A. Belis, Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
  • Brilliant 1967 R. Brilliant, The Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum, Rome.
  • Caffarelli - Caputo 1966 E. Caffarelli - G. Capito, The Buried City, Excavations at Leptis Magna, New York/Washington.
  • Camp 2001 J. Camp, The Archaeology of Athens, New Haven and London.
  • Décor I C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard Lemée - J. Christophe - J.-P. Darmon - A.-M. Guimier Sorbets - H. Lavagne - R. Prudhomme - H. Stern, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine I, Paris, 1985.
  • Décor II C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard-Lemée - J.- P. Darmon - S. Gozlan - M. P. Raynaud, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine II, Paris, 2002. Dunbabin 1999 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Guimier-Sorbets 2019 A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets, Mosaïques d’Alexandrie, Pavements d’Égypte grecque et romaine, Alexandria.
  • Hanfmann 1951 G. M. A. Hanfmann, The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks, Cambridge.
  • Honikel 2021 G. A.-L Honikel, “Unveiling the Interplay between Inscriptions and Images. The Cosmological Mosaic of Mérida”, JMR 14, 199-211.
  • Kabakchieva 2012 G. Kabakchieva, The Splendour of the Villa Armira, Plovdiv.
  • Kabakchieva 2019a G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Portraits and Mythological Scenes”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 47-53.
  • Kabakchieva 2019b G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Medusa and Winds”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 54-59.
  • Kabakchieva 2019c G. Kabakchieva, “The Metamorphosis of Cyparissos Mosaic”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 65-67.
  • Levi 1947 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements, Princeton.
  • Mahjoub 1983 O. Mahjoub, “I mosaici di la villa romana di Silin”, CMGR III, 299-306.
  • McCann 1979 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Mladenova 1983 J. Mladenova, “Les mosaïques de la villa d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR III, 149-166.
  • Mladenova 1991 J. Mladenova, “The Ancient Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad I”, V. Volkov - G. Kabakchieva (eds.), English summary of Bulgarian Text, Sofia, 191-194.
  • Pamir 2015 H. Pamir, “Antioch Mosaics”, Actual Archaeology Magazine 14, 62-73.
  • Parrish 1984 D. Parrish, Season Mosaics of Roman North Africa, Rome.
  • Parrish 2020 D, Parrish, “The Mosaic with Family Portraits and Mythological Figures in the Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad, Bulgaria”, JMR 13, 219-237.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (eds.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Vienna.
  • Quet 1981 M.-H. Quet, La mosaïque cosmologique de Mérida, Propositions de lecture, Paris.
  • Valeva 2015 J. Valeva, “La villa romaine de Armira près d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR XII, 445-449.
  • Vernant 1991 J.-P. Vernant, “Death in the Eyes. Gorgo, Figure of the Other”, F. I. Zeitlin (ed.) Mortals and Immortals. Collected Essays, Princeton, 111-138.

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 295 - 306, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Akurgal 1970 E. Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey, From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Roman Empire, Istanbul.
  • Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle - J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  • Balty 1977 J. Balty, Mosaïques antiques de Syrie, Brussels, Centre belge de Recherches archéologiques ã Apamée de Syrie.
  • Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia IV, Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Rome.
  • Belis 2016 A. Belis, Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
  • Brilliant 1967 R. Brilliant, The Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum, Rome.
  • Caffarelli - Caputo 1966 E. Caffarelli - G. Capito, The Buried City, Excavations at Leptis Magna, New York/Washington.
  • Camp 2001 J. Camp, The Archaeology of Athens, New Haven and London.
  • Décor I C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard Lemée - J. Christophe - J.-P. Darmon - A.-M. Guimier Sorbets - H. Lavagne - R. Prudhomme - H. Stern, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine I, Paris, 1985.
  • Décor II C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard-Lemée - J.- P. Darmon - S. Gozlan - M. P. Raynaud, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine II, Paris, 2002. Dunbabin 1999 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Guimier-Sorbets 2019 A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets, Mosaïques d’Alexandrie, Pavements d’Égypte grecque et romaine, Alexandria.
  • Hanfmann 1951 G. M. A. Hanfmann, The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks, Cambridge.
  • Honikel 2021 G. A.-L Honikel, “Unveiling the Interplay between Inscriptions and Images. The Cosmological Mosaic of Mérida”, JMR 14, 199-211.
  • Kabakchieva 2012 G. Kabakchieva, The Splendour of the Villa Armira, Plovdiv.
  • Kabakchieva 2019a G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Portraits and Mythological Scenes”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 47-53.
  • Kabakchieva 2019b G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Medusa and Winds”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 54-59.
  • Kabakchieva 2019c G. Kabakchieva, “The Metamorphosis of Cyparissos Mosaic”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 65-67.
  • Levi 1947 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements, Princeton.
  • Mahjoub 1983 O. Mahjoub, “I mosaici di la villa romana di Silin”, CMGR III, 299-306.
  • McCann 1979 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Mladenova 1983 J. Mladenova, “Les mosaïques de la villa d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR III, 149-166.
  • Mladenova 1991 J. Mladenova, “The Ancient Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad I”, V. Volkov - G. Kabakchieva (eds.), English summary of Bulgarian Text, Sofia, 191-194.
  • Pamir 2015 H. Pamir, “Antioch Mosaics”, Actual Archaeology Magazine 14, 62-73.
  • Parrish 1984 D. Parrish, Season Mosaics of Roman North Africa, Rome.
  • Parrish 2020 D, Parrish, “The Mosaic with Family Portraits and Mythological Figures in the Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad, Bulgaria”, JMR 13, 219-237.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (eds.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Vienna.
  • Quet 1981 M.-H. Quet, La mosaïque cosmologique de Mérida, Propositions de lecture, Paris.
  • Valeva 2015 J. Valeva, “La villa romaine de Armira près d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR XII, 445-449.
  • Vernant 1991 J.-P. Vernant, “Death in the Eyes. Gorgo, Figure of the Other”, F. I. Zeitlin (ed.) Mortals and Immortals. Collected Essays, Princeton, 111-138.

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 295 - 306, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Akurgal 1970 E. Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey, From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Roman Empire, Istanbul.
  • Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle - J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  • Balty 1977 J. Balty, Mosaïques antiques de Syrie, Brussels, Centre belge de Recherches archéologiques ã Apamée de Syrie.
  • Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia IV, Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Rome.
  • Belis 2016 A. Belis, Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
  • Brilliant 1967 R. Brilliant, The Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum, Rome.
  • Caffarelli - Caputo 1966 E. Caffarelli - G. Capito, The Buried City, Excavations at Leptis Magna, New York/Washington.
  • Camp 2001 J. Camp, The Archaeology of Athens, New Haven and London.
  • Décor I C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard Lemée - J. Christophe - J.-P. Darmon - A.-M. Guimier Sorbets - H. Lavagne - R. Prudhomme - H. Stern, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine I, Paris, 1985.
  • Décor II C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard-Lemée - J.- P. Darmon - S. Gozlan - M. P. Raynaud, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine II, Paris, 2002. Dunbabin 1999 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Guimier-Sorbets 2019 A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets, Mosaïques d’Alexandrie, Pavements d’Égypte grecque et romaine, Alexandria.
  • Hanfmann 1951 G. M. A. Hanfmann, The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks, Cambridge.
  • Honikel 2021 G. A.-L Honikel, “Unveiling the Interplay between Inscriptions and Images. The Cosmological Mosaic of Mérida”, JMR 14, 199-211.
  • Kabakchieva 2012 G. Kabakchieva, The Splendour of the Villa Armira, Plovdiv.
  • Kabakchieva 2019a G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Portraits and Mythological Scenes”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 47-53.
  • Kabakchieva 2019b G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Medusa and Winds”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 54-59.
  • Kabakchieva 2019c G. Kabakchieva, “The Metamorphosis of Cyparissos Mosaic”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 65-67.
  • Levi 1947 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements, Princeton.
  • Mahjoub 1983 O. Mahjoub, “I mosaici di la villa romana di Silin”, CMGR III, 299-306.
  • McCann 1979 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Mladenova 1983 J. Mladenova, “Les mosaïques de la villa d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR III, 149-166.
  • Mladenova 1991 J. Mladenova, “The Ancient Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad I”, V. Volkov - G. Kabakchieva (eds.), English summary of Bulgarian Text, Sofia, 191-194.
  • Pamir 2015 H. Pamir, “Antioch Mosaics”, Actual Archaeology Magazine 14, 62-73.
  • Parrish 1984 D. Parrish, Season Mosaics of Roman North Africa, Rome.
  • Parrish 2020 D, Parrish, “The Mosaic with Family Portraits and Mythological Figures in the Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad, Bulgaria”, JMR 13, 219-237.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (eds.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Vienna.
  • Quet 1981 M.-H. Quet, La mosaïque cosmologique de Mérida, Propositions de lecture, Paris.
  • Valeva 2015 J. Valeva, “La villa romaine de Armira près d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR XII, 445-449.
  • Vernant 1991 J.-P. Vernant, “Death in the Eyes. Gorgo, Figure of the Other”, F. I. Zeitlin (ed.) Mortals and Immortals. Collected Essays, Princeton, 111-138.

Bulgaristan’da Medusa, Rüzgârlar ve Diğer Figürleri Tasvir Eden Bir Mozaiğin Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 18, 295 - 306, 11.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191

Öz

Bu makale, 2020 yılında JMR 15’te yayımlanan ve Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nin aristokratik bir konutu olan Bulgaristan’ın güneydoğusundaki Villa Armira’nın 10 numaralı odasındaki figürlü mozaik tasvirlerini ele alan önceki çalışmamın devamıdır. Mevcut çalışma, hafir J. Mladenova tarafından triclinium (ziyafet salonu) olarak tanımlanan 6 numaralı odayı süsleyen Antoninler Dönemi’ne ait geniş taban mozaiğini incelemektedir. Bu mozaiğin ikonografisine dair Mladenova tarafından ilk kez yapılan ve daha sonra G. Kabakchieva tarafından da teyit edilen tanım ve yorumlar, eserin anlamını netleştirmek ve onu daha geniş bir sanat tarihi bağlamına yerleştirmek amacıyla yeniden ele alınmıştır.
Araştırmada, İmparatorluğun hem doğu hem batı kesimlerinden alınan mozaik döşemeler ve kabartma heykel örnekleriyle karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. İncelenen konular arasında Medusa, rüzgârlar, mevsimler ve bazı hayvan tasvirleri ile anlamı kesinleşmemiş genç kadın ve erkek profilleri yer almaktadır. Bu portrelerin olası yorumları arasında ev tanrıları (Penates) ya da mozaiğin üretildiği bölgeyi simgeleyen coğrafi kişileştirmeler bulunmaktadır. Tartışma, ayrıca mozaiğin tasarımını ve figürlü içeriğini 6 numaralı odanın toplumsal işleviyle ilişkilendirmekte ve mozaik döşemenin tarihlendirilmesini desteklemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Bibliography – Kaynaklar
  • Akurgal 1970 E. Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey, From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Roman Empire, Istanbul.
  • Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle - J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  • Balty 1977 J. Balty, Mosaïques antiques de Syrie, Brussels, Centre belge de Recherches archéologiques ã Apamée de Syrie.
  • Becatti 1961 G. Becatti, Scavi di Ostia IV, Mosaici e pavimenti marmorei, Rome.
  • Belis 2016 A. Belis, Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
  • Brilliant 1967 R. Brilliant, The Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum, Rome.
  • Caffarelli - Caputo 1966 E. Caffarelli - G. Capito, The Buried City, Excavations at Leptis Magna, New York/Washington.
  • Camp 2001 J. Camp, The Archaeology of Athens, New Haven and London.
  • Décor I C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard Lemée - J. Christophe - J.-P. Darmon - A.-M. Guimier Sorbets - H. Lavagne - R. Prudhomme - H. Stern, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine I, Paris, 1985.
  • Décor II C. Balmelle - M. Blanchard-Lemée - J.- P. Darmon - S. Gozlan - M. P. Raynaud, Le Décor géométrique de la mosaïque romaine II, Paris, 2002. Dunbabin 1999 K. M. D. Dunbabin, Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World, Cambridge.
  • Guimier-Sorbets 2019 A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets, Mosaïques d’Alexandrie, Pavements d’Égypte grecque et romaine, Alexandria.
  • Hanfmann 1951 G. M. A. Hanfmann, The Season Sarcophagus in Dumbarton Oaks, Cambridge.
  • Honikel 2021 G. A.-L Honikel, “Unveiling the Interplay between Inscriptions and Images. The Cosmological Mosaic of Mérida”, JMR 14, 199-211.
  • Kabakchieva 2012 G. Kabakchieva, The Splendour of the Villa Armira, Plovdiv.
  • Kabakchieva 2019a G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Portraits and Mythological Scenes”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 47-53.
  • Kabakchieva 2019b G. Kabakchieva, “Mosaic with Medusa and Winds”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 54-59.
  • Kabakchieva 2019c G. Kabakchieva, “The Metamorphosis of Cyparissos Mosaic”, M. Ivanov - V. Katsarova (eds.), Taste for Luxury, Roman Mosaics from Bulgaria, Sofia, National Archaeological Museum Catalogues, Vol. XVII, 65-67.
  • Levi 1947 D. Levi, Antioch Mosaic Pavements, Princeton.
  • Mahjoub 1983 O. Mahjoub, “I mosaici di la villa romana di Silin”, CMGR III, 299-306.
  • McCann 1979 A. M. McCann, Roman Sarcophagi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  • Mladenova 1983 J. Mladenova, “Les mosaïques de la villa d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR III, 149-166.
  • Mladenova 1991 J. Mladenova, “The Ancient Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad I”, V. Volkov - G. Kabakchieva (eds.), English summary of Bulgarian Text, Sofia, 191-194.
  • Pamir 2015 H. Pamir, “Antioch Mosaics”, Actual Archaeology Magazine 14, 62-73.
  • Parrish 1984 D. Parrish, Season Mosaics of Roman North Africa, Rome.
  • Parrish 2020 D, Parrish, “The Mosaic with Family Portraits and Mythological Figures in the Villa Armira near Ivailovgrad, Bulgaria”, JMR 13, 219-237.
  • Pillinger et al. 2016 R. Pillinger - A. Lirsch - V. Popova (eds.), Corpus der spätantiken und frühchristlichen Mosaiken Bulgariens, Vienna.
  • Quet 1981 M.-H. Quet, La mosaïque cosmologique de Mérida, Propositions de lecture, Paris.
  • Valeva 2015 J. Valeva, “La villa romaine de Armira près d’Ivailovgrad (Bulgarie)”, CMGR XII, 445-449.
  • Vernant 1991 J.-P. Vernant, “Death in the Eyes. Gorgo, Figure of the Other”, F. I. Zeitlin (ed.) Mortals and Immortals. Collected Essays, Princeton, 111-138.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji Bilimi
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

David Parrish Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4076-362X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Kasım 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 1 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

APA Parrish, D. (2025). A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research(18), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191
AMA Parrish D. A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research. Kasım 2025;(18):295-306. doi:10.26658/jmr.1814191
Chicago Parrish, David. “A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 18 (Kasım 2025): 295-306. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191.
EndNote Parrish D (01 Kasım 2025) A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 295–306.
IEEE D. Parrish, “A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”, Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 18, ss. 295–306, Kasım2025, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1814191.
ISNAD Parrish, David. “A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”. Journal of Mosaic Research 18 (Kasım2025), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1814191.
JAMA Parrish D. A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research. 2025;:295–306.
MLA Parrish, David. “A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures”. Journal of Mosaic Research, sy. 18, 2025, ss. 295-06, doi:10.26658/jmr.1814191.
Vancouver Parrish D. A Re-examination of a Mosaic from Bulgaria Representing Medusa, the Winds, and Other Figures. Journal of Mosaic Research. 2025(18):295-306.