Türk Balıkçı Gemileri Tarafından İşlenen Yasa Dışı, Kayıt Dışı, Kural Dışı (YKK) Trol İhlallerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Denizlerinde YKK (Yasa Dışı, Kayıt Dışı, Kural Dışı) balıkçılığın en zararlı ve yaygın bileşenlerinden biri olan trol ihlallerini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmaya ait ham veriler, Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı'ndan 2012-2014 döneminde temin edilmiştir. Toplam 1040 trol ihlaline ait veriler incelendiğinde, Türkiye'yi çevreleyen Karadeniz, Marmara Denizi, Ege Denizi ve Akdeniz arasında trol ihlalleri bakımından dikkate değer farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Trol ihlalleri bakımından Marmara Denizi (%37) ve İstanbul Boğazı (%15) kendi ölçeklerinde en sıcak noktalar olarak bulunmuştur. En yaygın ihlal türü %43 ile yasak sahada trol çekmek olup, yasak zamanda trol çekme ihlalleri ilave edildiğinde zamansal-mekansal ihlallerin %53’e ulaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yasadışı trol avcılığı gemi türü bakımından incelendiğinde ise trol gemileri %44'lük bir paya sahipken, diğer balıkçı gemileri (%46) ve balıkçılık ruhsatına sahip olmayan gemilerin (% 10) oluşturduğu trol ruhsatına sahip olmayan gemiler %56 paya sahip olmuştur. Ayrıca boyu 12 metreden küçük olan gemilerin ihlaller içinde % 46 gibi önemli bir paya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu gemiler (Türkçede "şebeke" olarak adlandırılmaktadır), dışarıya hiçbir emare vermeden küçük boyuttaki ağlar ve takımlarla kıyı sularında gizlice trol çekebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, trol ihlallerinin dağılımı, yoğunluğu ve metotları hakkında bilgi vererek, trol ihlalleriyle etkin mücadele kapsamında uygulayıcılara, politika yapıcılara ve bilim insanlarına faydalı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trol balıkçılığı
• Türk Denizleri
• Yasadışı avcılık
• Trol ihlalleri

Evaluation of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Trawl Infringements Committed by Turkish Fishing Vessels

Öz

This study analyses a highly damaging and prevalent fishing practice of trawl infringements, which is one of the crucial components of IUU fishing in Turkish waters. The raw data gathered from the Turkish Coast Guard Command (TURCG), covered 2012 – 2014 period. Data covered a total of 1040 trawl infringements, with considerable differences in trawling violations among the seas surrounding Türkiye; the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. With respect to trawling infringements, the Sea of Marmara (37%) and Istanbul Strait (15%) were the hot points. The most common infringement type was trawling in a closed area (43%) and when combined with the rate of infringements on trawling during the closed season (10%), these violations accounted for 53% of spatio-temporal infringements. Regarding illegal trawling by vessel type, trawl vessels had a 44% share and non-trawlers had a share of 56%, of which included infringements by other type of fishing vessels (46%) and non-fishing vessels (10%). It was also found that infringement by vessels smaller than 12 meters in length had a share of 46%. These vessels (known as "şebeke" in Turkish), trawl illegally using small types of nets and gears in coastal waters without giving any obvious indication of fishing activity. The results of this study will be useful to policy-makers, practitioners and scientists to successfully combat trawling infringements by providing information on distribution, intensity and methods of trawl violations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Trawl fishery
• Turkish Waters
• İllegal fishing
• Trawl violation

Kaynakça

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