Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of Mogan Lake (Ankara, Türkiye) for Recreational and Residential Users

Öz

Mogan Lake is an important recreational center for the capital city Ankara, not only because of its ecological value but also because of the various recreational activities it offers. In this study, the levels of certain heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Hg, Zn, Fe) were determined in surface waters at three selected stations in Mogan Lake for individuals (adults and children) who are exposed to heavy metals detected in the lake water and use it for both residential and recreational purposes, health risks via ingestion and dermal contact were estimated as follows: a) Non-carcinogenic health risks (Hazard Quotient – HQ, Hazard Index – HI, and Total Hazard Index - THI), and b) Carcinogenic health risks (Total Cancer Risk – TCR = CRingestion + CRdermal) and Cancer Risk Index (CR). According to the research findings; a) Exposure to heavy metals does not pose non-carcinogenic health risks (THI < 1), b) The hazard index values for children (HIingestion and HIdermal) are higher than those for adults, c) Based on the TCR values for As, exposure to this metal through ingestion and dermal absorption does not pose a health risk for recreational users (TCR < 1×10⁻⁴), while for residents, although it does not constitute a significant cancer risk, it is not entirely negligible (1.13×10⁻⁶ – 1.43×10⁻⁶). In this context, monitoring especially arsenic (As) levels in the lake water should be considered an essential component of lake management, both to protect the health of residents and to ensure the sustainability of the lake’s recreational potential.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Non-carcinogenic health risks
• Carcinogenic health risks
• Cancer index
• surface waters
• Mogan Lake

Mogan Gölü (Ankara, Türkiye) Yüzey Sularındaki Ağır Metallerin Rekreasyonel ve Konut Kullanıcıları için Sağlık Riskleri

Öz

Mogan Gölü, yalnızca ekolojik değeri açısından değil, aynı zamanda sunduğu çeşitli rekreasyonel aktiviteler açısından da başkent Ankara için önemli bir dinlence merkezisidir. Bu çalışmada, Mogan Gölü'nde seçilen üç istasyon yüzey sularında belirli ağır metallerin (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Hg, Zn, Fe) seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Göl suyunun konut ve rekreasyon amaçlı kullanımı yoluyla bu ağır metallere maruz kalan yetişkinler - çocuklar için yutma ve deri teması yoluyla oluşan sağlık riskleri tahmin edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda; a) Kanserojenik olmayan sağlık riskleri (Tehlike Katsayısı – HQ, Tehlike İndeksi - HI, Toplam Tehlike İndeski - THI), b) Kanserojenik sağlık riskleri (TCR = CRyutma + CRdermal) ve Kanser Risk İndeksi (CR) saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; a) Mogan Gölü yüzey sularındaki ağır metallerin olumsuz kanserojenik olmayan sağlıksal etkilerinin olmadığı (THI < 1), b) Çocuk tehlike indeks değerlerinin (HIingestion - HIdermal) yetişkinlere göre daha yüksek olduğu, c) As’e ilişkin TCR değerine göre bu metale yutma ve dermal absorbsiyon yolu ile maruziyetin rekreasyonel kullanıcılar açısından sağlıksal bir tehdit oluşturmadığı (TCR < 1x10-4), yerleşik sakinlerin sağlığı açısından ise ciddi bir kanser riski oluşturmamakla birlikte riskin tamamen ihmal edilebilir seviyede (1.13x10-6 - 1.43x10-6) olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, gerek yerleşik sakinlerin sağlığının korunması ve gerekse gölün rekreaktif potansiyelinin devamlılığı açısından, göl sularında özellikle As düzeylerinin izlenmesi, göl yönetiminin önemli bir parçası olarak dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanserojenik olmayan sağlık riskleri
• Kanserojenik sağlık riskleri
• Kanser risk indeksi
• yüzey suları
• Mogan Gölü

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