Marmara Denizi’nin Demersal Balık Faunasının Analizi

Öz

Mart 2017 ile Aralık 2018 ayları arasında 34 istasyondan aylık dip trolü örneklemesiyle Marmara Denizi’nin demersal balık faunası tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma süresince 42 familyaya ait 61 kemikli balık ve 12 kıkırdaklı balık türü örneklenmiştir. Hedef, hedef dışı ve ıskarta türlerin CPUE oranları sırasıyla %13,40, %69,64 ve %16,95 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam CPUE değerinin %53,9’u Trachurus trachurus türünden kaynaklanmaktadır. En yüksek CPUE değerine sahip demersal balık türleri sırasıyla 77.63, 71.86, 71.72 ve 72.68 kg/km2 ile Mustelus mustelus, Raja clavata, Merluccius merluccius ve Merlangius merlangius olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek biyoçeşitlilik güneybatı Marmara’da belirlenmiştir. Derinlik arttıkça kemikli balıkların biyoçeşitliliğinin azaldığı, kıkırdaklı balıkların biyoçeşitliliğinin ise arttığı görülmüştür. Ekonomik demersal balık türlerinin ortalama CPUE değerlerinin Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerine göre düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, daha sığ sularda dağılım gösteren türlerin stoklarının avcılık baskısına karşı daha ağır tehdit altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Marmara Denizi’nde trol balıkçılığı yasak olduğundan, algarna avcılığı bölgedeki demersal balık stokları için en büyük tehdit olarak kabul edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dip trolü
• biyoçeşitlilik
• biyomas
• MEDITS protokolü
• Kemikli
• kıkırdaklı

Analysis of Demersal Fish Fauna off the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Öz

Demersal fish fauna of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey was determined by bottom trawl surveys between March 2017-December 2018 at 34 stations with the monthly samplings. During the study, a total of 61 teleost and 12 cartilaginous fish species belonging to 42 families were sampled. The target, bycatch and discard rates of CPUE were determined as 13.40%, 69.64% and 16.95%, respectively. In total, 53.9% of the CPUE was stemmed from Trachurus trachurus. Mustelus mustelus, Raja clavata, Merluccius merluccius and Merlangius merlangius had the highest CPUE with a mean of 77.63, 71.86, 71.72 and 72.68 kg/km2, respectively. The highest biodiversity was observed in the southwestern part of the Marmara Sea. With increasing depth, the species number of the teleost fish decreased, whereas the species number of the cartilaginous fish increased. The mean CPUE values of the economical demersal fish species were lower in comparison to those reported from other regions in Turkey. Evidence suggests fish stocks with shallower distribution is under heavier threat against fishing pressure. Since commercial trawling is banned in the Sea of Marmara, beam trawl fishery can be considered as the major threat to demersal fish stocks in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bottom trawl
• biodiversity
• biomass
• MEDITs protocol
• teleost
• cartilaginous

Kaynakça

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