A Study on Green Computing and Primary and Secondary Education Teachers' Perception of Green Computing

Öz

Electronic devices not only make life easier, but also have effects on the environment. Work and social survival technology-intensive device use is also one of the important causes of environmental problems. Especially for new generations, it will be helpful to benefit from the solutions of efficient installations about these effects. Detecting and detecting the existence of green informatics, which plays an active role in the education of new generations, and raising perception and awareness will be a necessary step. The concept of green informatics, which includes this context, has been examined and the detection intervals of green informatics perception of primary and secondary education levels. The scope of the study consists of primary and secondary level teachers working in public and private education centers in Sakarya. 586 primary and secondary school teachers participated in the study. The measurement tool was delivered to the target audience with open controls. It has been determined that these variables, in which teachers' knowledge levels of some green informatics concepts such as carbon footprint, electronic waste, energy star, energy efficient product, EPEAT certificate, TCO certificate are measured, are "energy efficient product" and "electronic waste", the concept with the highest electricity consumption. In addition, among the eighteen behaviors defined on green information technologies, the most common behavioral behavior is "when do I just spread my computer", "if I take a long break from work, I turn off all computer systems", "I just buy a new technological device in it", "don't print out". I try to maintain the page of a document I will receive”. It is seen that among the green informatics concepts defined as the person working at the first level, the behaviors of "I use the screen sleep feature on my computer" and "I study the operating features of the page of a document for which I will get the authority of eLearning" are observed most frequently. In the secondary education level, behavior was not detected at frequent intervals as in the primary education level. At this point, it draws attention to this behavior exhibited by secondary education levels. It has been determined that their management is low against the green informatics concepts in the primary and middle levels participating in the labor in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Green computing
• management information systems
• information communication technologies
• recycling
• electronic waste

Yeşil Bilişim ve İlk ve Ortaöğretim Kademe Öğretmenlerinin Yeşil Bilişim Algısı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Elektronik cihazların hayatı kolaylaştırmasının yanında çevre üzerinde de etkileri bulunmaktadır. İş ve sosyal hayatta teknoloji yoğun cihaz kullanımı çevre sorunlarının da önemli nedenleri arasındadır. Özellikle yeni nesiller odağında bu etkiler hakkında farkındalık oluşturulması sorunun çözümü noktasında yardımcı olacaktır. Yeni nesillerin eğitiminde etkin bir rol oynayan öğretmenlerin yeşil bilişim hakkındaki algı ve farkındalıklarının tespit edilmesi, algı ve farkındalığın kazandırılması öncelikli olarak atılması gerek bir adım olacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada yeşil bilişim kavramı incelenmiş olup ilk ve orta öğretim kademe öğretmenlerinin yeşil bilişim algısının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamını Sakarya ilinde bulunan kamu ve özel eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan ilk ve orta kademe öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya 586 ilk ve ortaöğretim kademe öğretmeni katılmıştır. Ölçme aracı hedef kitleye çevrimiçi ortamda ulaştırılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin karbon ayak izi, elektronik atık, enerji yıldızı, enerji tasarruflu ürün, EPEAT sertifikası, TCO sertifikası gibi bazı yeşil bilişim kavramlarına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin ölçüldüğü bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin farkındalık düzeylerinin en yüksek olduğu kavram “enerji tasarruflu ürün” ve “elektronik atık” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak yeşil bilişim teknolojileri üzerine tanımlanan on sekiz davranış arasında en sık karşılaşılanlar ise “bilgisayarımı yalnızca ihtiyacım olduğunda açarım”, “çalışmaya uzun bir ara vereceksem bütün bilgisayar sistemlerini kapatırım”, “sadece gerektiğinde yeni bir teknolojik cihaz alırım”, “çıktısını alacağım bir belgenin sayfa sayısını azaltmaya çalışırım” olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ilköğretim kademesinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin tanımlanan yeşil bilişim kavramlarından en sık “bilgisayarımda ekran uyku özelliğini kullanırım” ve “çıktısını alacağım bir belgenin sayfa sayısını azaltmaya çalışırım” davranışını sergiledikleri görülmektedir. Ortaöğretim kademesinde ise ilköğretim kademesinde olduğu gibi sık karşılaşılan bir davranış tespit edilememiştir. Bu noktada ortaöğretim kademe öğretmenlerinin sergiledikleri bu davranış dikkat çekmektedir. Buna karşın çalışmaya katılan ilk ve orta kademe öğretmenlerin yeşil bilişim kavramlarına karşı farkındalıklarının düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil bilişim
• yönetim bilişim sistemleri
• bilgi iletişim teknolojileri
• geri dönüşüm
• elektronik atık

Kaynakça

1. Abugabah, A., & Abubaker, A. (2018). Green computing: Awareness and practices. 4th International Conference on Computer and Technology Applications (ICCTA), İstanbul, Türkiye.
2. Ahmad, T. B. T., Bello, A., & Nordin, M. S. (2013). Exploring Malaysian University students’ awareness of green computing. GSTF International Journal on Education, 1(2), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.5176/2345-7163_1.2.34
3. Ahmad, T. B. T., Nordin, M. S., & Belo, A. (2013). The state of green computing knowledge among students in a Malaysian public university. Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 3(8), 831-842. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16658-51
4. Ahmed, A. I. (2018). Understanding the factors affecting the adoption of green computing in the Gulf Universities. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applicaitons, 9(3), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090342
5. Alnahdi, A., & Bazarah, F. (2018). Building quality metrics for green computing projects: A model and a case study of engineering a green computing awareness website. 14th International Conference on Signal Image Technology & Internet Based Systems (SITIS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
6. Anis, M., Singh, D., Patel, T., & Gangwar, A. (2015). Survey on green computing, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, 3(1), 1-9.
7. Ansari, N. L., Ashraf, M., Malik, M., Tahseen, B., & Grunfeld, H. (2010). Green IT awareness and practices: Results from a field study on mobile phone related E-waste in Bangladesh, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, Bangladesh.
8. Appasami, G., & Joseph, S. K. (2011). Optimization of operating systems towards green computing. International Journal of Combinatiorial Optimization Problems and Informatics, 2(3), 39-51.

9. Arshad, R., Zahoor, S., Shah, M. A., Wahid, A., & Yu, H. (2017). Green IoT: An ınvestigation on energy saving practices for 2020 and beyond. IEEE Access, 5, 15667-15681. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2686092
10. Batlegang, B. (2012). Green computing: Students, campus computing and the environment: A case for Botswana. Journal of Information Systems and Communication, 3(1), 256-260. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2227.9528
11. Bello, A. B. (2015). Assesing university students’ attitude toward green computing practies. Proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Future Computational Technologies (ICFCT'2015), Singapore
12. Binder, W., & Suri, N. (2009). Green computing: Energy consumption optimized service hosting. 35th Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, Spindleruv Mlyn, Czech Rrepublic
13. Birchi, B. A. (2015). “Assessing university students’ attitude toward green computing practices”, proceedings of 2015 International Conference on Future Computational Technologies (ICFCT'2015), Singapore
14. Campit, J. (2017). Green computing knowladge and practies of undergrauate students. Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 5(4), 1-7.
15. Caroro, R. A., & Hernandez, A. A. (2018). Migrating office processes to automation: An evaluation on green IT practices in a university in the Philippines. 10th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM), Baguio City, Philippines
16. Chopra, A., Sharma, S., & Kadyan, V. (2016). Need of green computing to improve environmental condition in current era. International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), Palanchur, India.Chow, W. S., & Chen, Y. (2009). Intended belief and actual behavior in green computing in Hong Kong. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(2), 136-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2009.11645392
17. Debnath, B., Baidya, R., Biswas, N. T., Kundu, R., & Ghosh, S. K. (2014). E-waste recycling as criteria for green computing approach: Analysis by QFD Tool. 1st International Conference on Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems (ICCACCS), Agarpara, India.
18. Dhaini, M., Jaber, M., Fakhereldine, A., Hamdan, S., & Haraty, R. (2019). Green computing approaches-A survey. Informatica–An International Journal of Computing and Informatics, 45(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v45i1.2998 Doğan, O., Bulut, Z. A., ve Atasağun, H. G. (2016). Türkiye’de yeşil bilişim: Y kuşağının yeşil bilişim algısına yönelik bir araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(47), 798-805. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2016.1425
19. Dookhitram, K., Narsoo, J., Sunhaloo, M. S., Sukhoo, A., & Soobron, M. (2012). Green computing: An awareness survey among university of technology, Mauritius Students. International Conference on Higher Education and Economic Development, Mauritius
20. Fakhar, F., Javed, B., Rasool, R., Mali, O., & Zulfiqar, K. (2012). Software level green computing for large scale systems. Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-113X-1-4.
21. Ghwanmeh, S., El-Omari, N. K., & Khawaldeh, S. (2015). An innovative study to discovering and enhancing Jordanian Universities students responsiveness of green ICT. The 2nd International Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Computer Engineering (ICMSCE 2015), Langkawi, Malaysia.
22. Godla, R. S., Haro, J. M., Murty, S. V. V. S. N., & Krishna, R. V. V. (2022). Development of cloud selection supporting model for green information and communication technology services. International Journal of Pervasive Coumputing and Communications. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-03-2022-0127.
23. Hanief, S., Kartika, L. G. S., Srinadi, N. L. P., & Negara, I. K. R. Y. (2018). A proposed model of green computing adoption in Indonesian higher education. The 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018), Parapat, Indonesia.
24. Harmon, R. R., & Auseklis, N. (2009). Sustainable IT services: Assessing the impact of green computing practices. PICMET '09-2009 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology, Portland: OR Portland
25. Haron, H., Ahmaro, I., Aljunid, S. A., & Bakri, M. (2015). Software reusability in green computing. Advanced Science Letters, 21(10), 3283-3287. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.6454
26. Horn, D. (2015). New EPEAT® standards for computer servers: A review of new green procurement criteria for servers. IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), Ogden, UT, USA
27. Kamarudin, S., Mohd, S. M., Zulkifli, N. N., Rosli, I., Alan, R., & Lepun, P. (2021). The cognizance of green computing concept and practices among secondary school students: A preliminary study. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 12(1), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120137
28. Kessawani, N., & Jain, S. K. (2015). Schematic classification model of green computing approaches. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 17(3), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.4018/JCIT.2015070102
29. Mann, Z. A. (2017). Allocation of virtual machines in cloud data centers-a survey of problem models and optimization algorithms. ACM Computing Surveys, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1145/2797211
30. Niyato, D., Chaisiri, S., & Sung, L. B. (2009). Optimal power management for server farm to support green computing. 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, Shanghai, China
31. Ou, X. W., & Yaacob, N. A. (2015). Green computing knowledge and practices among STML students in UUM. Symposium on Technology Management and Logistics (STMLGoGreen), Universiti Utara, Malaysia
32. Paul, P. K., & Ghoes, M. K. (2018). Why green computing and green information sciences have potentialities in academics and iSchools: Practice and educational perspectives. International Conference on Emerging Trends and Advances in Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy (ETAEERE), Majhitar, India
33. Rahim, N. Z., & Samuri, N. (2018). Green IT: An awarenes survey among academicias and administrative staffs in Malaysian public universities. International Journal of engineering & Technology, 7(3), 197-201. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.7.16349
34. Raja, S. P. (2021). Green computing and carbon foortprint management in the IT sectors. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Social Systems, 8(5), 1172-1177. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2021.3076461
35. Salahuddin, M., Alam, K., & Öztürk, İ. (2016). The effects of internet usage and economic growth on CO2 emissions in OECD countries: A panel investigation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 1226-1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.018
36. Seitz, V., Yanti, F., & Karant, Y. (2011). Attitudes toward green computing in the US: Can they change?. 4th International Conference on Globalization and Higher Education in Economics and Business Administration, Iasi, Romania
37. Semakula, I., & Samsuri, S. (2016). Green computing knowledge among students in a Ugandan University. 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), Jakarta, Indonesia
38. Shalini, K., & Prasanthi, N. K. (2013). Green computing. Journal of Telematics and Information, 1(1), 1-13.
39. Sharma, B., Mittal, P., & Obaidat, M. S. (2019). Power-saving policies for annual energy cost savings in green computing. International Journal of Communication System, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4225
40. Shittu, A. T., Gambari, A. I., & Alabi, O. T. (2016). Survey of education, engineering, and information technology students knowledge of green computing in Nigerian University. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 10(1), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v10i1.3185
41. Sunardi, Febriani, R., Supian, S., Abdoellah, O. S., & Supriatna, S. (2019). Economic and environmental benefits of practicing green computing in the corporate sector in Indonesia. Environmental Practice, 21(2), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660466.2019.1596689
42. Verma, P., & Kadam, P. (2018). Survey of green computing. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 5(6), 2243-2246.
43. Vikram, S. (2015). Green computing. International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), Greater Noida, India
44. Wheeler, J. (2022). Expanding worker voice and labor rights in global supply chains: Standard setting, verification, and traceability. Global Social Policy 22(2), 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221094953
45. Wong, M. H., Wu, S. C., Deng, W. J., Yu, X. Z., Luo, Q., Leung, A. O. W., …& Wong, A., S. (2007). Export of toxic chemicals e A review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environmental Pollution, 149(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.044
46. Wunder, G. Fischer, R. F. H., Boche, H., Litsyn, S., & No, J. S. (2012). The PAPR problem in OFDM transmission: New directions for a long-lasting problem. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 30(6), 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2012.2218138
47. Yadav, P. S., Kumar, V., & Kumar, S. (2012). Green computing-making technology fruitful. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 1(5), 54-57.
48. Yıldız, D., ve Uzunsakal, E. (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir araştırma. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 16-28