Yüksek Yoğunluklu Fonksiyonel /Crossfit Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Askeri Fiziksel Performans ve Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Yüksek yoğunluklu fonksiyonel antrenman (HIFT), askeri ve kolluk personelleri arasında son dönemde ilgi kazanan bir fitness yaklaşımı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu Literatür değerlendirmesinin amacı, geleneksel askeri fitness aktiviteleri ile HIFT/Crossfit antrenman yaklaşımının askeri fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerine olan etkisini değerlendiren bilimsel çalışmaları analiz etmektir. Yöntem: Bu amaç doğrultusunda, spor bilimi alanındaki nitelikli araştırmaların yer aldığı PubMed veri tabanında, yüksek yoğunluklu fonksiyonel antrenmanın askeri ve kolluk kuvveti personelinin mesleki fiziksel uygunluğa olan etkilerini ele alan randomize kontrollü çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Bulgular: İncelenen araştırmalarda, kriterlere uygun çalışmaların birçoğu, genel fiziksel hazırlığı teşvik etmek için tasarlanmıştır. Geleneksel fiziksel eğitim ile performans gelişimindeki gerilemeler sonucunda, HIFT programları yaygınlaşmıştır. Bununla birlikte, HIFT programlarının yaralanma riski taşıdığına yönelik bazı kaygılar dile getirilmiştir. Programların pratik faydaları arasında daha kısa antrenman süreleri, savaş görevlerini simüle eden egzersizler, düşük ekipman maliyetleri ve yüksek hacimli dayanıklılık antrenmanlarına kıyasla daha az yaralanma riski ve daha büyük fiziksel performans gelişimi sağladığı görülmektedir. Sonuç: HIFT programları metabolik etki yaratarak kas gücünü ve genel fiziksel hazırlığı artırır. Bu programların askeri eğitim standartları arasına dahil edilmesi önerilmekle birlikte, HIFT ile geleneksel askeri eğitim arasındaki farkları ve etkilerini karşılaştıracak büyük ölçekli randomize çalışmaların eksikliği vardır. Ayrıca, savaş odaklı fiziksel becerileri en üst düzeye çıkarmak için Crosfitt ve HIFT'in nasıl uygulanacağına dair araştırma gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fiziksel Uygunluk
• Egzersiz
• Kolluk
• Askeri
• Yüksek Yoğunluklu Fonksiyonel Antrenman

The Effect of High Intensity Functional/Crossfit Training Methods on Military Physical Performance and Health: A Review of The Literature

Öz

High intensity functional training (HIFT) is a fitness paradigm that has recently gained popularity among military and law enforcement personnel. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the scientific data on the effects of traditional military fitness activities and the HIFT/Crossfit training approach on military physical fitness parameters. Method: The effects of high intensity functional training on the occupational physical fitness performance of military and law enforcement personnel were examined in the PubMed database, where literature reviews of randomised controlled trials are indexed in the field of sports science. Results: The majority of studies that met the inclusion criteria were designed to promote general physical fitness. As a result of concerns about traditional physical training, HIFT programmes have become widespread. However, concerns have been raised about the injury potential of HIFT and it has been described by some experts as 'overconditioning'. The practical advantages of the programmes include shorter training periods, exercises that simulate combat missions, lower equipment costs, and appear to offer less risk of injury and greater performance improvement compared with high-volume endurance training. Conclusion: HIFT programmes increase muscular strength and overall physical fitness through metabolic effects. Although it has been suggested that these programmes should become the standard for military physical training, there is a lack of large-scale randomised trials comparing the differences and effects between traditional military physical training and HIFT programmes. In addition, research is needed on how to implement Crosfitt and HIFT to maximise combat-oriented physical capabilities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physical fitness
• exercise
• law enforcement
• military
• high intensity functional training

Kaynakça

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