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Placebo effect of gemstones

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 87 - 95, 31.07.2022

Öz

The placebo effect can be explained as a response other than the specific influence of a treatment which comes from the psychosocial forces surrounding the treatment. This effect can be observed all over the world when people use healing stones. In this study, the perception of healing stones was investigated using the questionnaire technique. A popular online site helped reach 415 volunteers who participated in an online survey. Evaluation of the results revealed that gemstones, which are promoted as healing tools and give hope for getting better, have a positive effect on people. On the other hand, even if gemstones are preferred only for use as ornamental stones, jewelry and accessories, then no positive effect is expected from their healing power.

Kaynakça

  • Allison, P.D. (1999). Multiple regression: A primer. Sage, ISBN: 978-0761985334.
  • Alreck, P.L. & Settle, R.B. (2004). The Survey Research Handbook. McGraw Hill, 3rd ed., ISBN: 978- 0072945485.
  • Atodaria, E., Gandhi, K., Raole, V. & Mashru, T. (2017). Healing Powers of Gem Therapy: An Update. EJPMR. 4(8), 362-375.
  • Barnett, V. (2002). Sample Survey Principles and Methods. London: Arnold, 3rd ed., ISBN: 978 0-470-68590-7.
  • Bartlett, M.S. (1936). The Square Root Transformation in the Analysis of Variance. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 3, 68-78.
  • Beecher, H.K. (1955). The Powerful Placebo. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 159(17), 1602-1606.
  • Berry, W.D. & Feldman, S. (1985). Multiple Regression in Practice. Sage, 1st ed., ISBN: 978-0803920545.
  • Bishop, L.M. (2007). Words, Stones, and Herbs: The Healing Word in Medieval and Early Modern England. Syracuse University Press, ISBN: 978-0815631248.
  • Brody, H. (1982). The Lie That Heals: The Ethics of Giving Placebos. Ann Intern Med. 97, 112-118.
  • Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., ISBN: 978-0199202959.
  • Çalık, A., Deniz, O., Yasar, C. & Ulugergerli E.U. (2018). Umut Kaynağı olarak Doğal Kaynaklar ve Yerbilimleri: Yaşam Bilimlerinde Risk, Kaygı ve Umut Üzerine Yazılar. Rating Academy Yayınları. 11-28.
  • Calik, A., Karaca, O., Yasar, C. & Ulugergerli, E.U. (2019). Fake and Synthetic Minerals; A Way to Sustain the Gem Supply. In Environmental Geotechnology. 319- 328.
  • Çalık, A. (2020). Antik Çağlardan Günümüze Süs Taşlarınnın Şifa Kaynağı (İyileştirme-Koruma) Olarak Kullanım Şekilleri ve Nedenleri: Sağlık Bağlamında Edebiyat, Sanat ve Tarih. Rating Academy Yayınları. 75- 85.
  • Clarkson, D.B. & Jennrich, R.I. (1988). Quartic Rotation Criteria and Algorithms. Psychometrika. 53, 251-259.
  • Cochran, W.G & Cox, G.M. (1992). Experimental Designs. New York: Wiley, 2nd ed., ISBN: 978 0471545675.
  • Dawson, J. (2016). Analyzing Quantitative Survey Data for Business and Management Students. Sage, 1st ed.
  • Fink, A. (2017). How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-By-Step Guide. California: Sage Publications, 6th ed., ISBN: 978-1483378480.
  • Fowler, F.J. (2008). Survey Research Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 4th ed., ISBN: 978 1412958417.
  • Frank, J. (1986). Psychotherapy-The Transformation of Teanings. J.R.Soc.Med. 74, 241-246.
  • Gallup, G. (1947). The Quintamensional Plan of Question Design. Public Opinion Quarterly. 3, 385-393.
  • George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Taylor & Francis, 11th ed., ISBN: 978-0205011247
  • GGJM (Global Gems & Jewelry Market) (2021). Report: Global Gems & Jewelry Market. https://www. researchandmarkets.com/reports/4089890/globalgems-and-jewelry-market-by type-by, [Date Accessed: 01/10/2021].
  • Gienger, M. & Maier, W. (2009). Healing Stones for the Vital Organs: 83 Crystals with Traditional Chinese Medicine. Healing Arts Press, 1st ed., ISBN: 978-1594772757.
  • Groves, R.M., Fowler, F.J., Couper, M.P., Lepkowski, J.M., Singer, E. & Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey Methodology. New York: Willey, 2nd ed., ISBN: 978-0-470-46546-2.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. & Black, W.C. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson, 7th ed., ISBN: 978-0138132637.
  • Hatipoğlu, M., Kılıç, S., Babalık, H., Güner, E. & Güney, H. (2018). Healing-Therapy (Protective and Treatment) Effects on the Human Life of the Gemstones (Having Nodular and Crystalline Appearances); Some Samples Used in the Ancient and Medieval Times. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research. 4(7), 10-37.
  • Hulland, J. (1999). Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) In Strategic Management Research: A Review of Four Recent Studies. Strategic Management Journal. 20, 195- 204.
  • Ishaque, S., Saleem, T. and Qidwai, W. (2009). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Gemstone Therapeutics in A Selected Adult Population in Pakistan. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 9(32), 1-17.
  • Jütte, R. (2013). The Early History of The Placebo. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 21, 94-97.
  • Kaiser, H.F. (1958). The Varimax Criterion for Analytic Rotation In Factor Analysis. Psychometrika. 23, 187-200.
  • Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An Index of Factorial Simplicity. Psychometrika. 39(1), 31-36.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London: Routledge, 1st ed., ISBN: 9781315788135.
  • Kutlu, Y.A., Çalık, A. & Ulugergerli, E.U. (2022). A Quest for why gemstones are used for healing. Journal of Awareness. 7(2): 65-72, Doi: 10.26809/joa.7.2.02.
  • Micke, O., Schonekaes, K., Mucke, R., Kisters, K. & Buntzel, J. (2010). Mystical Stones in Oncology: Crystal Healing Power or Perfect Nonsense? Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 27, 73-79.
  • Miller, F.G., Colloca, L. & Kaptchuk, T.J. (2009). The Placebo Effect Ilness and Interpersonal Healing. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 52(4), 518-539.
  • Montgomery, H.H. & Kirsch, I. (1997). Classical Conditioning and The Placebo Effect. Pain. 72, 107-113.
  • Neuman, W.L. (2006). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston: Pearson Education, 6th ed., ISBN: 0205457932.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pimentel, J.L. (2019). Some Biases in Likert Scaling Usage and its Correction. IJSBAR. 45(1), 183-191.
  • Presser, S., Couper, M.P., Lessler, J.T., Martin, E., Martin, J., Rothgeb, J.M. and Singer, E. (2004). Methods for Testing & Evaluating Survey Questions. Public Opinion Quarterly. 109-130.
  • Puviani, L & Rama, S. (2016). Placebo Response is Driven by UCS Revaluation: Evidence, Neurophysiological Consequences and a Quantitative Model. Scientific Reports. 6(28991), 1 16.
  • Renfro, N., Koivula, J.I., Wang, W. & Roskin, G. (2010). Synthetic Gem Materials in the 2000s: A Decade in Review. Gems&Gemology. 46(4), 260-273.
  • Seraj, S., E-Khudha, M., Aporna, S.A., Khan, S.H., Islam, F., Jahan, F.I., Mou, S.M., Khatun, Z. and Rahmatullah,
  • M. (2011). Use of Gemstones for Preventive and Curative Purposes: A Survey Among the Traditional Medicinal Practitioners of the Bede Community of Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 5(2), 263-269.
  • Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1989). Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, 8th ed., ISBN: 978-0813815619.
  • Stevens, J.P. (1996). Applied Multivariate Statistics for The Social Sciences. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 3rd ed., ISBN: 0805834710.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson Education, 5th ed., ISBN: 978-0205459384.
  • Truter, I. (2006). Crystal Healing and Gem Therapy - “Using Energy Vibrations to Heal and Harmonise”: Complementary and Alternative Medicine. SA Pharmaceutical Journal. 73(8), 54-57.
  • Wager, T.D. & Atlas, L.Y. (2015). The Neuroscience of Placebo Effects: Connecting Context, Learning and Health. Nature Reviews-Neuroscience. 6, 403-418.
  • Zion, S.R. & Crum, A.J. (2018). Mindsets Matter: A New Framework for Harnessing the Placebo Effect in Modern Medicine. International Review of Neurobiology. 138, 137-160.

Placebo effect of gemstones

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 87 - 95, 31.07.2022

Öz

The placebo effect can be explained as a response other than the specific influence of a treatment which comes from the psychosocial forces surrounding the treatment. This effect can be observed all over the world when people use healing stones. In this study, the perception of healing stones was investigated using the questionnaire technique. A popular online site helped reach 415 volunteers who participated in an online survey. Evaluation of the results revealed that gemstones, which are promoted as healing tools and give hope for getting better, have a positive effect on people. On the other hand, even if gemstones are preferred only for use as ornamental stones, jewelry and accessories, then no positive effect is expected from their healing power.

Kaynakça

  • Allison, P.D. (1999). Multiple regression: A primer. Sage, ISBN: 978-0761985334.
  • Alreck, P.L. & Settle, R.B. (2004). The Survey Research Handbook. McGraw Hill, 3rd ed., ISBN: 978- 0072945485.
  • Atodaria, E., Gandhi, K., Raole, V. & Mashru, T. (2017). Healing Powers of Gem Therapy: An Update. EJPMR. 4(8), 362-375.
  • Barnett, V. (2002). Sample Survey Principles and Methods. London: Arnold, 3rd ed., ISBN: 978 0-470-68590-7.
  • Bartlett, M.S. (1936). The Square Root Transformation in the Analysis of Variance. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 3, 68-78.
  • Beecher, H.K. (1955). The Powerful Placebo. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 159(17), 1602-1606.
  • Berry, W.D. & Feldman, S. (1985). Multiple Regression in Practice. Sage, 1st ed., ISBN: 978-0803920545.
  • Bishop, L.M. (2007). Words, Stones, and Herbs: The Healing Word in Medieval and Early Modern England. Syracuse University Press, ISBN: 978-0815631248.
  • Brody, H. (1982). The Lie That Heals: The Ethics of Giving Placebos. Ann Intern Med. 97, 112-118.
  • Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3rd ed., ISBN: 978-0199202959.
  • Çalık, A., Deniz, O., Yasar, C. & Ulugergerli E.U. (2018). Umut Kaynağı olarak Doğal Kaynaklar ve Yerbilimleri: Yaşam Bilimlerinde Risk, Kaygı ve Umut Üzerine Yazılar. Rating Academy Yayınları. 11-28.
  • Calik, A., Karaca, O., Yasar, C. & Ulugergerli, E.U. (2019). Fake and Synthetic Minerals; A Way to Sustain the Gem Supply. In Environmental Geotechnology. 319- 328.
  • Çalık, A. (2020). Antik Çağlardan Günümüze Süs Taşlarınnın Şifa Kaynağı (İyileştirme-Koruma) Olarak Kullanım Şekilleri ve Nedenleri: Sağlık Bağlamında Edebiyat, Sanat ve Tarih. Rating Academy Yayınları. 75- 85.
  • Clarkson, D.B. & Jennrich, R.I. (1988). Quartic Rotation Criteria and Algorithms. Psychometrika. 53, 251-259.
  • Cochran, W.G & Cox, G.M. (1992). Experimental Designs. New York: Wiley, 2nd ed., ISBN: 978 0471545675.
  • Dawson, J. (2016). Analyzing Quantitative Survey Data for Business and Management Students. Sage, 1st ed.
  • Fink, A. (2017). How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-By-Step Guide. California: Sage Publications, 6th ed., ISBN: 978-1483378480.
  • Fowler, F.J. (2008). Survey Research Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 4th ed., ISBN: 978 1412958417.
  • Frank, J. (1986). Psychotherapy-The Transformation of Teanings. J.R.Soc.Med. 74, 241-246.
  • Gallup, G. (1947). The Quintamensional Plan of Question Design. Public Opinion Quarterly. 3, 385-393.
  • George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Taylor & Francis, 11th ed., ISBN: 978-0205011247
  • GGJM (Global Gems & Jewelry Market) (2021). Report: Global Gems & Jewelry Market. https://www. researchandmarkets.com/reports/4089890/globalgems-and-jewelry-market-by type-by, [Date Accessed: 01/10/2021].
  • Gienger, M. & Maier, W. (2009). Healing Stones for the Vital Organs: 83 Crystals with Traditional Chinese Medicine. Healing Arts Press, 1st ed., ISBN: 978-1594772757.
  • Groves, R.M., Fowler, F.J., Couper, M.P., Lepkowski, J.M., Singer, E. & Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey Methodology. New York: Willey, 2nd ed., ISBN: 978-0-470-46546-2.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. & Black, W.C. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson, 7th ed., ISBN: 978-0138132637.
  • Hatipoğlu, M., Kılıç, S., Babalık, H., Güner, E. & Güney, H. (2018). Healing-Therapy (Protective and Treatment) Effects on the Human Life of the Gemstones (Having Nodular and Crystalline Appearances); Some Samples Used in the Ancient and Medieval Times. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research. 4(7), 10-37.
  • Hulland, J. (1999). Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) In Strategic Management Research: A Review of Four Recent Studies. Strategic Management Journal. 20, 195- 204.
  • Ishaque, S., Saleem, T. and Qidwai, W. (2009). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Gemstone Therapeutics in A Selected Adult Population in Pakistan. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 9(32), 1-17.
  • Jütte, R. (2013). The Early History of The Placebo. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 21, 94-97.
  • Kaiser, H.F. (1958). The Varimax Criterion for Analytic Rotation In Factor Analysis. Psychometrika. 23, 187-200.
  • Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An Index of Factorial Simplicity. Psychometrika. 39(1), 31-36.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis. London: Routledge, 1st ed., ISBN: 9781315788135.
  • Kutlu, Y.A., Çalık, A. & Ulugergerli, E.U. (2022). A Quest for why gemstones are used for healing. Journal of Awareness. 7(2): 65-72, Doi: 10.26809/joa.7.2.02.
  • Micke, O., Schonekaes, K., Mucke, R., Kisters, K. & Buntzel, J. (2010). Mystical Stones in Oncology: Crystal Healing Power or Perfect Nonsense? Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 27, 73-79.
  • Miller, F.G., Colloca, L. & Kaptchuk, T.J. (2009). The Placebo Effect Ilness and Interpersonal Healing. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 52(4), 518-539.
  • Montgomery, H.H. & Kirsch, I. (1997). Classical Conditioning and The Placebo Effect. Pain. 72, 107-113.
  • Neuman, W.L. (2006). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston: Pearson Education, 6th ed., ISBN: 0205457932.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Pimentel, J.L. (2019). Some Biases in Likert Scaling Usage and its Correction. IJSBAR. 45(1), 183-191.
  • Presser, S., Couper, M.P., Lessler, J.T., Martin, E., Martin, J., Rothgeb, J.M. and Singer, E. (2004). Methods for Testing & Evaluating Survey Questions. Public Opinion Quarterly. 109-130.
  • Puviani, L & Rama, S. (2016). Placebo Response is Driven by UCS Revaluation: Evidence, Neurophysiological Consequences and a Quantitative Model. Scientific Reports. 6(28991), 1 16.
  • Renfro, N., Koivula, J.I., Wang, W. & Roskin, G. (2010). Synthetic Gem Materials in the 2000s: A Decade in Review. Gems&Gemology. 46(4), 260-273.
  • Seraj, S., E-Khudha, M., Aporna, S.A., Khan, S.H., Islam, F., Jahan, F.I., Mou, S.M., Khatun, Z. and Rahmatullah,
  • M. (2011). Use of Gemstones for Preventive and Curative Purposes: A Survey Among the Traditional Medicinal Practitioners of the Bede Community of Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 5(2), 263-269.
  • Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1989). Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, 8th ed., ISBN: 978-0813815619.
  • Stevens, J.P. (1996). Applied Multivariate Statistics for The Social Sciences. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 3rd ed., ISBN: 0805834710.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson Education, 5th ed., ISBN: 978-0205459384.
  • Truter, I. (2006). Crystal Healing and Gem Therapy - “Using Energy Vibrations to Heal and Harmonise”: Complementary and Alternative Medicine. SA Pharmaceutical Journal. 73(8), 54-57.
  • Wager, T.D. & Atlas, L.Y. (2015). The Neuroscience of Placebo Effects: Connecting Context, Learning and Health. Nature Reviews-Neuroscience. 6, 403-418.
  • Zion, S.R. & Crum, A.J. (2018). Mindsets Matter: A New Framework for Harnessing the Placebo Effect in Modern Medicine. International Review of Neurobiology. 138, 137-160.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yusuf Arif Kutlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9393-7710

Ayten Çalık Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7295-1011

Emin Uğur Ulugergerli Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5639-1109

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kutlu, Y. A., Çalık, A., & Ulugergerli, E. U. (2022). Placebo effect of gemstones. Journal of Awareness, 7(3), 87-95.