The Diagnostic Role of Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Trauma Radiographs: A Narrative Review’’

Öz

Objective: Fracture diagnosis in orthopedics and traumatology is essential for optimal treatment outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes the diagnostic accuracy, clinical integration potential, and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in detecting appendicular skeletal fractures on radiographs. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Following PRISMA guidelines, 1326 records were screened; after removal of duplicates, 998 titles/abstracts were assessed. Full texts of 240 studies were reviewed, and 100 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Meta-analyses revealed that AI achieves high diagnostic accuracy in fracture detection (pooled sensitivity: 87–94%; specificity: 91–96%). In scaphoid fractures, AI showed higher sensitivity than human readers (92–96% vs. 81–88%). Prospective studies indicated that AI integration reduced reporting times by 30–40% in emergency departments and improved diagnostic accuracy, especially among less experienced physicians. However, many studies were retrospective, single-centered, and limited by dataset heterogeneity. Conclusion: AI algorithms demonstrate diagnostic performance close to that of human readers in detecting appendicular fractures and may serve as valuable decision support tools in orthopedic trauma imaging. Clinical integration remains limited, and future research should prioritize multicenter prospective validation, randomized controlled trials, and explainable AI (XAI) models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artifical intelligence
• orthopedic trauma ai
• radiographs diagnosis ai

‘’Ortopedik Travma Radyografilerinde Yapay Zekânın Tanısal Rolü: Güncel Literatür Derlemesi’’

Öz

Amaç: Ortopedi ve travmatolojide kırık tanısı, tedavi başarısı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu derlemede, yapay zekâ (YZ) algoritmalarının ekstremite kırıklarını radyografilerde saptamadaki tanısal doğruluğu, klinik entegrasyon potansiyeli ve sınırlılıkları özetlenmiştir. Yöntem: PubMed, Scopus ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında kapsamlı bir tarama yapılmıştır. PRISMA kriterlerine uygun olarak 1326 kayıt taranmış, 328 kopya çıkarıldıktan sonra 998 başlık/özet değerlendirilmiştir. Uygun bulunan 240 tam metin makale incelenmiş ve 100 çalışma derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Meta-analizler, YZ’nin kırık tespitinde yüksek doğruluk sağladığını göstermiştir (havuzlanmış duyarlılık: %87–94; özgüllük: %91–96). Skafoid kırıklarında YZ, insan okuyuculara kıyasla daha yüksek duyarlılık göstermiştir (%92–96’ya karşı %81–88). Prospektif çalışmalar, YZ entegrasyonunun acil servislerde raporlama süresini %30–40 kısalttığını ve özellikle deneyimsiz hekimlerde tanısal doğruluğu artırdığını göstermiştir. Ancak çalışmaların önemli bir kısmı retrospektif, tek merkezli ve veri seti heterojenliği nedeniyle sınırlıdır. Sonuç: YZ algoritmaları, appendiküler kırıkların saptanmasında insan okuyuculara yakın tanısal performans göstermektedir ve klinik karar desteği aracı olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte klinik entegrasyonu halen sınırlıdır; çok merkezli prospektif doğrulamalar, randomize kontrollü çalışmalar ve açıklanabilir YZ (XAI) modelleri gelecekte öncelikli olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• yapaz zeka
• ortopedik travma
• kırık tanısı
• radyografi

Kaynakça

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