Araştırma Makalesi

Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use

Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2 30 Haziran 2026
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Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use

Öz

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a major global public health concern. Despite its high prevalence, community awareness and knowledge remain insufficient, particularly in outpatient clinical settings. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 310 adult patients attending an outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Istanbul over a four-month period. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation were applied; p<0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: 62% of participants were female, median age 36 (18–75) years. Among those who had previously had vitamin D levels measured (n=180), 91.1% had deficiency or insufficiency; this finding is limited to the measured subgroup and is not generalizable to all participants. Overall, 54.8% used vitamin D supplements, predominantly upon physician prescription. Women used supplements significantly more than men (66.5% vs 36.1%; p<0.001). Chronic disease was significantly associated with supplement use (78.2% vs 45.7%; p<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent in non-working individuals (measured subgroup: 94.8% vs 89.3%; p=0.016). The total knowledge score did not differ significantly by gender (p=0.094), age (p=0.847), education (p=0.128), or supplement use (p=0.056). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in the measured subgroup while general awareness remained limited across all demographic groups. These findings underscore the need for structured patient education and systematic screening strategies in outpatient clinical settings, and highlight the central role of physicians in outpatient settings in guiding appropriate vitamin D use.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This research received no funding from any public, commercial, or non-profit organization.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of University of Health Sciences Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital (Approval No: 1359, Date: 25.06.2019). Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Teşekkür

We thank all participants who agreed to take part in this study. This article was derived from the residency thesis of Dr. Aybüke Bacanlı, completed under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Seçil Arıca at the Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital (2020).

Kaynakça

  1. Boz, İ., Teskereci, G., & Üner, F. Ö. (2019). Gebelik ve doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların D vitamini ve güneşlenme ile ilgili farkındalık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: Kesitsel bir çalışma [Determining awareness levels regarding vitamin D and sun exposure in pregnant and postpartum women: A cross-sectional study]. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 16(3), 116–121.
  2. Ciarambino, T., Crispino, P., Minervini, G., & Giordano, M. (2023). Vitamin D: Can gender medicine have a role? Biomedicines, 11(6), Article 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061762
  3. Cui, A., Zhang, T., Xiao, P., Fan, Z., Wang, H., & Zhuang, Y. (2023). Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, Article 1070808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1070808
  4. Fidan, F., Alkan, B. M., & Tosun, A. (2014). Çağın pandemisi: D vitamini eksikliği ve yetersizliği [The pandemic of the era: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency]. Türk Osteoporoz Dergisi, 20(2), 71–74.
  5. Göktaş, O., Ersoy, C., Ercan, I., & Can, F. E. (2020). Vitamin D status in the adult population of Bursa, Turkey. European Journal of General Practice, 26(1), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2020.1846712 Grant, W. B., Wimalawansa, S. J., Pludowski, P., & Cheng, R. Z. (2025). Vitamin D: Evidence-based health benefits and recommendations for population guidelines. Nutrients, 17(2), Article 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020277
  6. Holick, M. F., Binkley, N. C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Gordon, C. M., Hanley, D. A., Heaney, R. P., Murad, M. H., & Weaver, C. M. (2011). Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 96(7), 1911–1930. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0385
  7. Katar, M., Çıtıl, R., Önder, Y., & Demir, O. (2026). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and related factors among adults in Tokat province, Türkiye. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 72, Article 15459. https://doi.org/10.3389/abp.2025.15459
  8. Kurt, E. E., Koçak, F. A., Erdem, H. R., Tuncay, F., & Kıranatlıoğlu, F. (2015). Kırsal bölgede D vitamini farkındalığının değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel bir çalışma [Assessment of vitamin D awareness in a rural area: A cross-sectional study]. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3), 176–181.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Klinik Tıp Bilimleri (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

23 Nisan 2026

Kabul Tarihi

21 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Bacanlı, A., & Gunher Arıca, S. (2026). Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use. Journal of Baltalimanı, 2(2), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20745792
AMA
1.Bacanlı A, Gunher Arıca S. Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use. JoB. 2026;2(2):39-43. doi:10.5281/zenodo.20745792
Chicago
Bacanlı, Aybüke, ve Seçil Gunher Arıca. 2026. “Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use”. Journal of Baltalimanı 2 (2): 39-43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20745792.
EndNote
Bacanlı A, Gunher Arıca S (01 Haziran 2026) Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use. Journal of Baltalimanı 2 2 39–43.
IEEE
[1]A. Bacanlı ve S. Gunher Arıca, “Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use”, JoB, c. 2, sy 2, ss. 39–43, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20745792.
ISNAD
Bacanlı, Aybüke - Gunher Arıca, Seçil. “Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use”. Journal of Baltalimanı 2/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 39-43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20745792.
JAMA
1.Bacanlı A, Gunher Arıca S. Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use. JoB. 2026;2:39–43.
MLA
Bacanlı, Aybüke, ve Seçil Gunher Arıca. “Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use”. Journal of Baltalimanı, c. 2, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 39-43, doi:10.5281/zenodo.20745792.
Vancouver
1.Aybüke Bacanlı, Seçil Gunher Arıca. Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults Attending an Outpatient Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Supplement Use. JoB. 01 Haziran 2026;2(2):39-43. doi:10.5281/zenodo.20745792