MODELING HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION WITH GAME THEORY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 5.0

Öz

Industry 5.0 has emerged as a paradigm that redefines the interaction between humans and machines. However, in hybrid production environments, situations where humans and machines collaborate create new planning and optimization problems in terms of task allocation and scheduling. In this study, in line with Industry 5.0's human-centric production vision, within the framework of rational decision-making in human-machine interaction, the game theory framework is used to analyze which strategies human and machine players will employ, with what probabilities, and at what utility level the game will reach equilibrium. Three strategies representing different levels of interaction for human and machine players (25%, 50%, and 75% human and machine) were evaluated by three field experts based on nine dimensions derived from the literature. A gain/loss-based Human-Machine Collaboration Game (IMIPO) was created using utility values scored by the experts between -10 and +10 for each strategy intersection in the payoff matrix. The resulting matrix was modeled using linear programming techniques and solved using Excel Solver to calculate the equilibrium value and strategy probabilities for human and machine players. The solution found the equilibrium value of the game to be 3.245 under mixed strategies, with the human player most likely choosing the "High Human Involvement" strategy, while the machine player most likely chose the "Dominant Cobot" strategy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industry 5.0
• Human-Machine Interaction
• Game Theory
• Linear Programming
• Cobot

ENDÜSTRİ 5.0 BAĞLAMINDA İNSAN-MAKİNE ETKİLEŞİMİNİN OYUN TEORİSİYLE MODELLENMESİ

Öz

Endüstri 5.0, insan ve makine arasındaki etkileşimi yeniden tanımlayan bir paradigma olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak hibrit üretim ortamlarında insan ve makinenin ortak faaliyet yürüttüğü durumlar, görev paylaşımı ve zamanlama açısından yeni planlama ve optimizasyon problemlerini beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada Endüstri 5.0’ın insan merkezli üretim vizyonuna uygun olarak, insan-makine etkileşiminin rasyonel karar verme yaklaşımı çerçevesinde, insan ve makine oyuncularının hangi oyun stratejilerini hangi olasılıklarla oynayacakları ve oyunun hangi fayda düzeyinde dengeye varacağı oyun teorisi çerçevesinde iki kişilik, sıfır toplamlı karma stratejili oyun olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada, insan ve makine oyuncuları için farklı etkileşim düzeylerini temsil eden üçer strateji (%25, %50, %75 insan ve makine) üç alan uzmanı tarafından literatürden elde edilen dokuz boyut temel alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Uzmanların ödemeler matrisindeki her strateji kesişimini -10 ile +10 arasında puanladığı fayda değerleri kullanılarak kazanç/kayıp temelli İnsan-Makine İşbirliği Oyunu (İMİPO) oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen matris, doğrusal programlama tekniğiyle modellenmiş ve Excel Solver ile çözülerek insan ve makine oyuncuları için oyunun denge değeri ve strateji olasılıkları hesaplanmıştır. Çözüm sonucunda, oyunun denge değeri karma stratejiler altında 3.245 olarak bulunmuş ve insan oyuncusunun “Yüksek İnsan Katılımı”, makine oyuncusunun ise “Baskın Cobot” stratejisini en yüksek olasılıkla tercih ettiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endüstri 5.0
• İnsan-Makine Etkileşimi
• Oyun Teorisi
• Doğrusal Programlama
• İşbirlikçi Robot

Kaynakça

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