Araştırma Makalesi
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Havacılıkta Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi: Air France 447 Kaza Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 172 - 200, 27.07.2020

Öz

Air France 447 kazası, 1 Haziran 2009’da, Rio’dan Paris’e bir gece uçuşu sırasında gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı Air France 447 kazasını ekip kaynak yönetimi uygulamaları bağlamında analiz etmek ve değerlendirmektir. Ekip kaynak yönetimi, teknik ve teknik olmayan tüm yetenek ve ulaşılabilir kaynakların kullanılmasıdır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi ile içerik analizi bağlamında incelenmiştir. Araştırmada temel olarak, 2012’de tamamlanan kaza raporu (BEA, 2012) ve National Geographic’in Air France 447 konulu uçuş belgeselinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma ekip kaynak yönetimi uygulamaları, iletişim, durumsal farkındalık, takım çalışması, karar alma, liderlik ve kişisel sınırlılıklar boyutları ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, kazanın en temel sebebinin “insan faktörü” olduğu saptanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aktas, H., & Tekarslan, E. (2013). Uçuş ekibi kaynak yönetimi: Pilotların uçuş ekibi kaynak yönetimi tutumları ile kişilik yapıları arasındaki ilişki*/Crew resource management: The relationships between personality types and crew resource management attitudes of pilots. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 276.
  • Aviation Safety Network (2020). First Air Flight 6550 Database. (https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20110820-0) Received: 27.03.2020
  • Baker, D.P., Horvath, L., Campion, M., Offermann, L., Salas, E., (2004). Teamwork Framework. Adult Literacy & Lifeskills Survey. ETS.
  • Baltaş, A. (2003). Başarı için pasaport: Profesyonel davranış. Kaynak Dergisi, Nisan-Eylül, 14.
  • BEA (2012). Final report on the accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A330-203 registered F-GZCP operated by Air France flight AF 447 Rio de Janeiro–Paris. Paris: BEA.
  • Bennett, S. (2015). Aviation safety and security: the importance of teamwork, leadership, creative thinking and active learning. Libri Publishing.
  • Bennett, S. A. (2019). The training and practice of crew resource management: recommendations from an inductive in vivo study of the flight deck. Ergonomics, 62(2), 219-232.
  • Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2011). Emergency at 35’000 ft.: How cockpit and cabin crews lead each other to safety. In 16th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (p. 130).
  • Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2014). Shared leadership in multiteam systems: How cockpit and cabin crews lead each other to safety. Human factors, 56(2), 270-286.
  • Bingöllü, K. M. (2019). Pilotlardaki Durumsal Farkındalık Kaybı İle Uzaysal Uyumsuzluk Arasındaki Kavramsal Bağın İncelenmesi. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Bottyán, Z., & Palık, M. (2010). The accident of AF-447 flight–analysis and reconstruction of weather situation along the flight path. Technology, 9(2), 217-227.
  • Cooper, G. E., White, M. D., & Lauber, J. K. (1980). Resource management on the flightdeck: Proceedings of a NASA/Industry workshop (NASA CP-2120). Moffett Field, CA: NASA-Ames Research Center.
  • Diehl, E. W. (1992). Effects of feedback structure on dynamic decision making (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  • ECA (2013). Fatigue Again In the Spotlight. European Cockpit Association. https://www.eurocockpit.be/sites/default/files/eca_barometer_on_pilot_fatigue_12_1107_f.pdf. Received: 10.06.2020
  • El Kitabı, E. Y. (2011). Safety Management Manual SMM. Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları Hava Alanları Daire Başkanlığı, Aralık,(2-1).
  • Endsley, M. R. (1988). Design and evaluation for situation awareness enhancement. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society annual meeting (Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 97-101). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Endsley, M. R. (1995). Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human factors, 37(1), 65-84.
  • Downe‐Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: method, applications, and issues. Health care for women international, 13(3), 313-321.
  • Durso, F. T., & Gronlund, S. D. (1999). Situation awareness. Handbook of applied cognition, 283-314.
  • Eyüboğlu, F. (2010). Süreç yönetimi ve süreç iyileştirme. Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Fanjoy, R. O., Harriman, S. L., & DeMik, R. J. (2010). Individual and environmental predictors of burnout among regional airline pilots. International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies, 10(1), 15-30.
  • Flin, R., & Maran, N. (2015). Basic concepts for crew resource management and non-technical skills. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 29(1), 27-39.
  • Flin, R., O'Connor, P., Mearns, K., & Gordon, R. (1998, January). Crew resource management for offshore teams: Lessons from aviation. In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
  • Ford, J., Henderson, R., & O'Hare, D. (2014). The effects of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training on flight attendants' safety attitudes. Journal of safety research, 48, 49-56.
  • Foushee, H. C., Lauber, J. K., Baetge, M. M., & Acomb, D. B. (1986). Crew factors in flight operations: III. The operational significance of exposure to short-haul air transport operations. NASA Technical Memorandum, 88322, 99-136.
  • Foushee, H. C., & Helmreich, R. L. (1988). Group interaction and flight crew performance. In Human factors in aviation (pp. 189-227). Academic Press.
  • Gelmi, T. (2019). Breakthrough: What Cabin Crew Can Teach You about Leadership, Teamwork and Customer Contact. iUniverse.
  • Ginnett, R. C. (2019). Crews as groups: Their formation and their leadership. In Crew resource management (pp. 73-102). Academic Press.
  • Gross, B. (2014). Crew Resource Management – A Concept for Teams in Critical Situations, Conference: 5th International Conference of Integrated Natural Disaster Management.p. 4.
  • Hamman, W. R. (2010). Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT).: The Intersection of Technical and Human Factor Crew Resource Management (CRM) Team Skills. In Crew Resource Management (pp. 233-263). Academic Press.
  • Harris, B. W. (2014). Fiber optics for flight control systems (Doctoral dissertation, University of Dayton).
  • Helmreich, R. L. (1980). Social psychology on the flight deck.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Foushee, H. C., Benson, R., & Russini, W. (1986). Cockpit resource management: exploring the attitude-performance linkage. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (1987). Theory underlying CRM training: Psychological issues in flight crew performance and crew coordination.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (1999). Building safety on the three cultures of aviation. In Proceedings of the IATA human factors seminar (pp. 39-43).
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Foushee, H. C. (1993). Why crew resource management? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training in aviation. In E. L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki, & R. L. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (p. 3–45). Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (2003). Threat and error in aviation and medicine: similar and different. Innovation and Consolidation in Aviation, 99-108.
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Foushee, H. C. (2010). Why CRM? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training. In Crew resource management (pp. 3-57). Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Klinect, J. R., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1999, May). Models of threat, error, and CRM in flight operations. In Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on aviation psychology (pp. 677-682).
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Merritt, A. C. (2017). 11 Safety and error management: The role of crew resource management. In Aviation Resource Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium: v. 1: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium. Routledge.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1999). The evolution of crew resource management training in commercial aviation. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 9(1), 19-32.
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1991). Outcomes of crew resource management training. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1(4), 287-300.
  • Hoermann, H. J., & Goerke, P. (2014). Assessment of social competence for pilot selection. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 24(1), 6-28.
  • Holsti, O. R. (1968). Content analysis. The handbook of social psychology, 2, 596-692.
  • Kanki, B. G. (2019). Communication and crew resource management. In Crew resource management (pp. 103-137). Academic Press.
  • Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The wisdom ofteams: Creating the high performance organization. New York: HarperBusiness.
  • Kern, T. (2001). Culture, environment, and CRM. McGraw-Hill.
  • Kilingaru, K., Tweedale, J. W., Thatcher, S., & Jain, L. C. (2013). Monitoring pilot “situation awareness”. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 24(3), 457-466.
  • Lauber, J. K. (1984). Resource management in the cockpit. Air line Pilot, 53, 20-23.
  • Leedom, D. K., & Simon, R. (1995). Improving team coordination: A case for behavior-based training. Military Psychology, 7(2), 109-122.
  • Jensen, R. S. (1997). The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and crew resource management. The international journal of aviation psychology, 7(4), 259-267.
  • Jensen, R. S. (2017). Pilot judgment and crew resource management. Routledge.
  • Mearns, K., Flin, R., & O'Connor, P. (2001). Sharing'worlds of risk'; improving communication with crew resource management. Journal of Risk Research, 4(4), 377-392.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2015). Nitel Araştırma Desen ve Uygulama İçin Bir Rehber. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Mckinney Jr, E. H., Barker, J. R., Davis, K. J., & Smith, D. (2005). How swift starting action teams get off the ground: What United flight 232 and airline flight crews can tell us about team communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 19(2), 198-237.
  • Mengenci, C. (2014). Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi ve Sivil Havayolu Kazaları: Türkiye Örneği. Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 1(2), 44-61.
  • Musson, D. M., & Helmreich, R. L. (2004). Team training and resource management in health care: current issues and future directions. Harvard Health Policy Review, 5(1), 25-35. National Geographic - Air France Flight 447 Documentary HD (2016). Uçak Kazası Raporu Kaybolan Uçak Air France 447. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x563y1u. Received: 14.05.2020
  • O'Connor, P., Campbell, J., Newon, J., Melton, J., Salas, E., & Wilson, K. A. (2008). Crew resource management training effectiveness: a meta-analysis and some critical needs. The international journal of aviation psychology, 18(4), 353-368.
  • Oliver, N., Calvard, T., & Potočnik, K. (2017). Cognition, technology, and organizational limits: Lessons from the Air France 447 disaster. Organization Science, 28(4), 729-743.
  • Orasanu-Engel, J., & Mosier, K. L. (2019). Flight Crew Decision-Making. In Crew Resource Management (pp. 139-183). Academic Press.
  • Prince, C., & Salas, E. (1993). Training and research for teamwork in the military aircrew. In E. L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki, & R. L. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (p. 337–366). Academic Press.
  • Reinhart, R. (2007). Basic flight physiology. McGraw Hill Professional.
  • Rosenkrans, W. (2013). Presence of mind: the Qantas Flight 32 accident fully engaged the cabin crew's skills and judgment. AeroSafety world.
  • Salas, E., Rozell, D., Mullen, B., & Driskell, J. E. (1999). The effect of team building on performance: An integration. Small group research, 30(3), 309-329.
  • Salas, E., Burke, C. S., Bowers, C. A., & Wilson, K. A. (2001). Team training in the skies: does crew resource management (CRM) training work?. Human factors, 43(4), 641-674.
  • Salas, E., Wilson, K. A., Burke, C. S., & Wightman, D. C. (2006). Does crew resource management training work? An update, an extension, and some critical needs. Human Factors, 48(2), 392-412.
  • Sığrı, Ü. (2018). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Stout, R. J., Salas, E., & Kraiger, K. (1997). The role of trainee knowledge structures in aviation team environments. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7(3), 235-250. Şentürk, S. (2003). Türk Kara Havacılığında Uçuş Ekibi Kaynakları Yönetimi. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
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  • Wiener, E. L., Kanki, B. G., & Helmreich, R. L. (Eds.). (1995). Cockpit resource management. Gulf Professional Publishing.
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Crew Resource Management in Aviation: The Analysis of the Air France Flight 447 Crash

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 172 - 200, 27.07.2020

Öz

01 June 2009, the Air France Flight 447 crashed into the Atlantic on a night flight from Rio to Paris. The aim of the research is to analyze and evaluate the Air France 447 Crash in the context of crew resource management practices. Crew resource management refers to the appropriate use of technical and non-technical skills and all available resources. In the research, the qualitative research case study method using the intensive description and analysis of a phenomenon or social unit was used. The case, Air France Flight 447, occurded in 2009 and accident report was completed in 2012. The accident report (BEA, 2012) and National Geographic - Air France Flight 447 Documentary HD were examined through document analysis. The data obtained from the documents were analyzed by content analysis method. The research examined with crew resource management skills, which is designated as the communication, situational awareness, team work, decision making, leadership, and personal limitations. As a result, the biggest share of the accident is seen as the “human factor”.

Kaynakça

  • Aktas, H., & Tekarslan, E. (2013). Uçuş ekibi kaynak yönetimi: Pilotların uçuş ekibi kaynak yönetimi tutumları ile kişilik yapıları arasındaki ilişki*/Crew resource management: The relationships between personality types and crew resource management attitudes of pilots. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 276.
  • Aviation Safety Network (2020). First Air Flight 6550 Database. (https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20110820-0) Received: 27.03.2020
  • Baker, D.P., Horvath, L., Campion, M., Offermann, L., Salas, E., (2004). Teamwork Framework. Adult Literacy & Lifeskills Survey. ETS.
  • Baltaş, A. (2003). Başarı için pasaport: Profesyonel davranış. Kaynak Dergisi, Nisan-Eylül, 14.
  • BEA (2012). Final report on the accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A330-203 registered F-GZCP operated by Air France flight AF 447 Rio de Janeiro–Paris. Paris: BEA.
  • Bennett, S. (2015). Aviation safety and security: the importance of teamwork, leadership, creative thinking and active learning. Libri Publishing.
  • Bennett, S. A. (2019). The training and practice of crew resource management: recommendations from an inductive in vivo study of the flight deck. Ergonomics, 62(2), 219-232.
  • Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2011). Emergency at 35’000 ft.: How cockpit and cabin crews lead each other to safety. In 16th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (p. 130).
  • Bienefeld, N., & Grote, G. (2014). Shared leadership in multiteam systems: How cockpit and cabin crews lead each other to safety. Human factors, 56(2), 270-286.
  • Bingöllü, K. M. (2019). Pilotlardaki Durumsal Farkındalık Kaybı İle Uzaysal Uyumsuzluk Arasındaki Kavramsal Bağın İncelenmesi. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Bottyán, Z., & Palık, M. (2010). The accident of AF-447 flight–analysis and reconstruction of weather situation along the flight path. Technology, 9(2), 217-227.
  • Cooper, G. E., White, M. D., & Lauber, J. K. (1980). Resource management on the flightdeck: Proceedings of a NASA/Industry workshop (NASA CP-2120). Moffett Field, CA: NASA-Ames Research Center.
  • Diehl, E. W. (1992). Effects of feedback structure on dynamic decision making (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
  • ECA (2013). Fatigue Again In the Spotlight. European Cockpit Association. https://www.eurocockpit.be/sites/default/files/eca_barometer_on_pilot_fatigue_12_1107_f.pdf. Received: 10.06.2020
  • El Kitabı, E. Y. (2011). Safety Management Manual SMM. Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları Hava Alanları Daire Başkanlığı, Aralık,(2-1).
  • Endsley, M. R. (1988). Design and evaluation for situation awareness enhancement. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society annual meeting (Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 97-101). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Endsley, M. R. (1995). Measurement of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human factors, 37(1), 65-84.
  • Downe‐Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: method, applications, and issues. Health care for women international, 13(3), 313-321.
  • Durso, F. T., & Gronlund, S. D. (1999). Situation awareness. Handbook of applied cognition, 283-314.
  • Eyüboğlu, F. (2010). Süreç yönetimi ve süreç iyileştirme. Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Fanjoy, R. O., Harriman, S. L., & DeMik, R. J. (2010). Individual and environmental predictors of burnout among regional airline pilots. International Journal of Applied Aviation Studies, 10(1), 15-30.
  • Flin, R., & Maran, N. (2015). Basic concepts for crew resource management and non-technical skills. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 29(1), 27-39.
  • Flin, R., O'Connor, P., Mearns, K., & Gordon, R. (1998, January). Crew resource management for offshore teams: Lessons from aviation. In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
  • Ford, J., Henderson, R., & O'Hare, D. (2014). The effects of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training on flight attendants' safety attitudes. Journal of safety research, 48, 49-56.
  • Foushee, H. C., Lauber, J. K., Baetge, M. M., & Acomb, D. B. (1986). Crew factors in flight operations: III. The operational significance of exposure to short-haul air transport operations. NASA Technical Memorandum, 88322, 99-136.
  • Foushee, H. C., & Helmreich, R. L. (1988). Group interaction and flight crew performance. In Human factors in aviation (pp. 189-227). Academic Press.
  • Gelmi, T. (2019). Breakthrough: What Cabin Crew Can Teach You about Leadership, Teamwork and Customer Contact. iUniverse.
  • Ginnett, R. C. (2019). Crews as groups: Their formation and their leadership. In Crew resource management (pp. 73-102). Academic Press.
  • Gross, B. (2014). Crew Resource Management – A Concept for Teams in Critical Situations, Conference: 5th International Conference of Integrated Natural Disaster Management.p. 4.
  • Hamman, W. R. (2010). Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT).: The Intersection of Technical and Human Factor Crew Resource Management (CRM) Team Skills. In Crew Resource Management (pp. 233-263). Academic Press.
  • Harris, B. W. (2014). Fiber optics for flight control systems (Doctoral dissertation, University of Dayton).
  • Helmreich, R. L. (1980). Social psychology on the flight deck.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Foushee, H. C., Benson, R., & Russini, W. (1986). Cockpit resource management: exploring the attitude-performance linkage. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (1987). Theory underlying CRM training: Psychological issues in flight crew performance and crew coordination.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (1999). Building safety on the three cultures of aviation. In Proceedings of the IATA human factors seminar (pp. 39-43).
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Foushee, H. C. (1993). Why crew resource management? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training in aviation. In E. L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki, & R. L. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (p. 3–45). Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R. L. (2003). Threat and error in aviation and medicine: similar and different. Innovation and Consolidation in Aviation, 99-108.
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Foushee, H. C. (2010). Why CRM? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training. In Crew resource management (pp. 3-57). Academic Press.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Klinect, J. R., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1999, May). Models of threat, error, and CRM in flight operations. In Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on aviation psychology (pp. 677-682).
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Merritt, A. C. (2017). 11 Safety and error management: The role of crew resource management. In Aviation Resource Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium: v. 1: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium. Routledge.
  • Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1999). The evolution of crew resource management training in commercial aviation. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 9(1), 19-32.
  • Helmreich, R. L., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1991). Outcomes of crew resource management training. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1(4), 287-300.
  • Hoermann, H. J., & Goerke, P. (2014). Assessment of social competence for pilot selection. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 24(1), 6-28.
  • Holsti, O. R. (1968). Content analysis. The handbook of social psychology, 2, 596-692.
  • Kanki, B. G. (2019). Communication and crew resource management. In Crew resource management (pp. 103-137). Academic Press.
  • Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The wisdom ofteams: Creating the high performance organization. New York: HarperBusiness.
  • Kern, T. (2001). Culture, environment, and CRM. McGraw-Hill.
  • Kilingaru, K., Tweedale, J. W., Thatcher, S., & Jain, L. C. (2013). Monitoring pilot “situation awareness”. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 24(3), 457-466.
  • Lauber, J. K. (1984). Resource management in the cockpit. Air line Pilot, 53, 20-23.
  • Leedom, D. K., & Simon, R. (1995). Improving team coordination: A case for behavior-based training. Military Psychology, 7(2), 109-122.
  • Jensen, R. S. (1997). The boundaries of aviation psychology, human factors, aeronautical decision making, situation awareness, and crew resource management. The international journal of aviation psychology, 7(4), 259-267.
  • Jensen, R. S. (2017). Pilot judgment and crew resource management. Routledge.
  • Mearns, K., Flin, R., & O'Connor, P. (2001). Sharing'worlds of risk'; improving communication with crew resource management. Journal of Risk Research, 4(4), 377-392.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2015). Nitel Araştırma Desen ve Uygulama İçin Bir Rehber. Ankara: Nobel.
  • Mckinney Jr, E. H., Barker, J. R., Davis, K. J., & Smith, D. (2005). How swift starting action teams get off the ground: What United flight 232 and airline flight crews can tell us about team communication. Management Communication Quarterly, 19(2), 198-237.
  • Mengenci, C. (2014). Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi ve Sivil Havayolu Kazaları: Türkiye Örneği. Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 1(2), 44-61.
  • Musson, D. M., & Helmreich, R. L. (2004). Team training and resource management in health care: current issues and future directions. Harvard Health Policy Review, 5(1), 25-35. National Geographic - Air France Flight 447 Documentary HD (2016). Uçak Kazası Raporu Kaybolan Uçak Air France 447. https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x563y1u. Received: 14.05.2020
  • O'Connor, P., Campbell, J., Newon, J., Melton, J., Salas, E., & Wilson, K. A. (2008). Crew resource management training effectiveness: a meta-analysis and some critical needs. The international journal of aviation psychology, 18(4), 353-368.
  • Oliver, N., Calvard, T., & Potočnik, K. (2017). Cognition, technology, and organizational limits: Lessons from the Air France 447 disaster. Organization Science, 28(4), 729-743.
  • Orasanu-Engel, J., & Mosier, K. L. (2019). Flight Crew Decision-Making. In Crew Resource Management (pp. 139-183). Academic Press.
  • Prince, C., & Salas, E. (1993). Training and research for teamwork in the military aircrew. In E. L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki, & R. L. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (p. 337–366). Academic Press.
  • Reinhart, R. (2007). Basic flight physiology. McGraw Hill Professional.
  • Rosenkrans, W. (2013). Presence of mind: the Qantas Flight 32 accident fully engaged the cabin crew's skills and judgment. AeroSafety world.
  • Salas, E., Rozell, D., Mullen, B., & Driskell, J. E. (1999). The effect of team building on performance: An integration. Small group research, 30(3), 309-329.
  • Salas, E., Burke, C. S., Bowers, C. A., & Wilson, K. A. (2001). Team training in the skies: does crew resource management (CRM) training work?. Human factors, 43(4), 641-674.
  • Salas, E., Wilson, K. A., Burke, C. S., & Wightman, D. C. (2006). Does crew resource management training work? An update, an extension, and some critical needs. Human Factors, 48(2), 392-412.
  • Sığrı, Ü. (2018). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Stout, R. J., Salas, E., & Kraiger, K. (1997). The role of trainee knowledge structures in aviation team environments. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7(3), 235-250. Şentürk, S. (2003). Türk Kara Havacılığında Uçuş Ekibi Kaynakları Yönetimi. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
  • Terzioğlu, M. (2007). Uçak Kazalarının Nedeni Olarak İnsan Hatalarını Azaltmada Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Terzioğlu, M. (2018). Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi’nin Uçuş Emniyet Kültürüne Etkileri. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Tjosvold, D. (1990). Flight crew collaboration to manage safety risks. Group & Organization Studies, 15(2), 177-191.
  • Üçgöz R.A. (2006)“Oryantasyon bozukluğunun genç pilotlara tanıtılması”,Hv.K.K.lığı Uçuş ve Yer Emniyet Semineri, Ankara.
  • Weick, K. E. (1990). The vulnerable system: An analysis of the Tenerife air disaster. Journal of management, 16(3), 571-593.
  • Wiener, E. L., Kanki, B. G., & Helmreich, R. L. (Eds.). (1995). Cockpit resource management. Gulf Professional Publishing.
  • Wise, J., Rio, A., & Fedouach, M. (2011). What really happened aboard Air France 447. Popular Mechanics, 6, 35-36.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Seda Şenol 0000-0002-5870-2246

Aslı Beyhan Acar 0000-0001-6824-6494

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Temmuz 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şenol, S., & Beyhan Acar, A. (2020). Crew Resource Management in Aviation: The Analysis of the Air France Flight 447 Crash. Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 2(2), 172-200.