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Post-COVID Süreğen Baş Ağrıları: Klinik Özellikleri ve Nörogörüntüleme Bulguları

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 159 - 162, 17.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA34DX28JC

Öz

Giriş:
Bu çalışma, persist­an post-Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) baş ağrısının prevalansını ve klinik özelliklerini incelemiş; ayrıca bu yakınmanın demografik, klinik ve nörogörüntüleme parametreleriyle ilişkilerini gerçek yaşam verilerine dayalı bir hasta kohortu içinde değerlendirmiştir. Böylece, sık bildirilmesine rağmen halen yetersiz anlaşılan bir nörolojik komplikasyon ele alınmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile doğrulanmış COVID-19 geçirmiş ve persistan şikâyetlerle nöroloji polikliniğine başvuran toplam 341 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastalar, baş ağrısı varlığına veya yokluğuna göre gruplandı. Demografik özellikler, ek hastalıklar, eşlik eden nörolojik ve sistemik semptomlar ile nörogörüntüleme bulguları (konvansiyonel beyin MRG, difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntüleme [DWI] ve mevcut olduğunda MR venografi) gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel analizlerde ki-kare testi, t-testi veya uygun olduğunda non-parametrik karşılıkları, ayrıca bağımsız ilişkileri belirlemek için lojistik regresyon modelleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular:
Persistan baş ağrısı hastaların %36,9’unda bildirilmiş olup, daha genç bireylerde ve kadınlarda belirgin şekilde daha sık görülmüştür (ortanca yaş 45’e karşı 55, p < 0,001; kadınlarda %42,9’a karşı erkeklerde %27,5, p = 0,004). Uykusuzluk (p = 0,002), baş dönmesi (p = 0,01) ve miyalji/parestezi (p = 0,03) baş ağrısı olan grupta anlamlı derecede daha yaygındı. Buna karşın difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntüleme (DWI) anormallikleri ve MR venografi patolojileri, baş ağrısı olmayan hastalarda belirgin olarak daha sık saptandı. Anormal MRG bulguları olan hastalarda daha ileri yaş, daha fazla komorbidite ve daha uzun hastane yatışı dikkat çekmekteydi. Çok değişkenli analizde yaş ve kadın cinsiyet, post-COVID baş ağrısının bağımsız belirleyicileri olarak doğrulandı.
Sonuç:
Post-COVID baş ağrısı, demografik duyarlılık ve eşlik eden disotonomik ya da nöroinflamatuvar semptom kümeleri ile karakterize özgün bir klinik profile sahiptir. Bulgular, post-enfeksiyöz dönemde persistan baş ağrısının altında yatan mekanizmaların daha iyi anlaşılması ve klinik değerlendirmeye daha fazla odaklanılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Helsinki Deklarasyonu ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Etik onay, 11 Eylül 2025 tarihinde Eskişehir Şehir Hastanesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan alınmıştır (Onay No: ESH/BAEK 2025/216). “Post-COVID Süreğen Baş Ağrıları: Klinik Özellikleri ve Nörogörüntüleme Bulguları” başlıklı çalışma protokolü etik ve bilimsel açıdan herhangi bir sakınca görülmeksizin değerlendirilmiş ve uygun bulunmuştur

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur

Teşekkür

Yoktur

Kaynakça

  • Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Navarro-Santana M, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, García-Azorín D, Arendt-Nielsen L, et al. Headache as an acute and post-COVID-19 symptom in COVID-19 survivors: a meta-analysis of the current literature. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(11):3820-3825. Crossref
  • Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. Headache associated with COVID-19: Epidemiology, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management. Headache. 2022;62(6):650-656. Crossref
  • Caronna E, Van Den Hoek TC, Bolay H, Garcia-Azorin D, Gago-Veiga AB, Valeriani M, et al. Headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and the impact on primary headache disorders of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review. Cephalalgia. 2023;43(1):03331024221131337. Crossref
  • Excellence C. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. NG188. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2020.
  • Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, Florencio LL. Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent post-COVID): an integrative classification. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2621. Crossref
  • Garcia-Azorin D, Layos-Romero A, Porta-Etessam J, Membrilla JA, Caronna E, Gonzalez-Martinez A, et al. Post-COVID-19 persistent headache: a multicentric 9-months follow-up study of 905 patients. Cephalalgia. 2022;42(8):804-809. Crossref
  • Porta-Etessam J, Matías-Guiu JA, González-García N, Gómez Iglesias P, Santos-Bueso E, Arriola-Villalobos P, et al. Spectrum of headaches associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: study of healthcare professionals. Headache. 2020;60(8):1697-1704. Crossref
  • Széphelyi K, Kóra S, Orsi G, Tollár J. Brain Structural Abnormalities in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Headache. Neurol Int. 2025;17(4):50. Crossref
  • Tanashyan MM, Kuznetsova PI, Morozova SN, Annushkin VA, Raskurazhev AA. Neuroimaging correlates of post-COVID-19 symptoms: a functional MRI approach. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(19):2180. Crossref
  • Lee MH, Perl DP, Steiner J, Pasternack N, Li W, Maric D, et al. Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19. Brain. 2022;145(7):2555-2568. Crossref
  • Mohammadi S, Ghaderi S. Post-COVID-19 conditions: a systematic review on advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging findings. Neurol Sci. 2024;45(5):1815-1833. Crossref
  • Mohan N, Fayyaz MA, Del Rio C, Khurana NKRS, Vaidya SS, Salazar E, et al. Neurological manifestations and neuroimaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV2-a systematic review. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2021;57(1):68. Crossref
  • Ocak Ö, Şahin EM. Evaluation of Headache Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Suspected COVID-19. Ankara Med J. 2021;21(4):585-593. Crossref
  • Liu JWTW, de Luca RDa, Mello HO, Barcellos I. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome? New daily persistent headache in the aftermath of COVID-19. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020;78(11):753-754. Crossref
  • Membrilla JA, Caronna E, Trigo-López J, González-Martínez A, Layos-Romero A, Pozo-Rosich P, et al. Persistent headache after COVID-19: Pathophysiology, clinic and treatment. Neurol Perspect. 2021;1(Suppl 1):S31-S36. Crossref
  • Gomez-Dabo L, Melgarejo-Martinez L, Caronna E, Pozo-Rosich P. Headache in COVID-19 and long COVID: to know facts for clinical practice. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2023;23(10):551-560. Crossref
  • Navis A, editor. A review of neurological symptoms in long COVID and clinical management. Semin Neurol. 2023;43(2):185-192. Crossref
  • Rochmawati E, Iskandar AC, Kamilah F. Persistent symptoms among post-COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2024;33(1):29-39. Crossref
  • Taquet M, Sillett R, Zhu L, Mendel J, Camplisson I, Dercon Q, et al. Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9(10):815-827. Crossref

Persistent Headache After COVID-19: Clinical Patterns and Imaging Insights

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 159 - 162, 17.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA34DX28JC

Öz

Introduction: This study examined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of persistent post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) headache, and explored its associations with demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging parameters within a real-world patient cohort, thereby addressing a frequently reported yet insufficiently understood neurological complication.
Materials and Methods: A total of 341 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 who presented with persistent symptoms to a neurology outpatient clinic were evaluated. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of an ongoing headache. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, accompanying neurological and systemic symptoms, and neuroimaging findings (including conventional MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MR venography when available) were compared between the groups. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, t-tests or non-parametric equivalents for group comparisons, and logistic regression models to identify independent associations between variables.
Results: Persistent headache was reported by 36.9% of patients and was significantly more common among younger individuals and women (median age 45 vs. 55 years, p < 0.001; 42.9% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.004). Insomnia (p = 0.002), dizziness (p = 0.01), and myalgia/paresthesia (p = 0.03) were significantly more common in the headache group. In contrast, abnormal neuroimaging findings, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities and MR venography pathology, were significantly more frequent in patients without headaches. Among those with abnormal MRI findings, older age, comorbidity burden, and longer hospitalization duration were observed to be present. Multivariate analysis confirmed age and female sex as independent predictors of post-COVID headache.

Conclusion:
Post-COVID headache has a distinct clinical profile characterized by demographic susceptibility and concurrent dysautonomic or neuroinflammatory symptom clusters. These findings underline the need for focused clinical evaluation and improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying persistent headache during the post-infectious period.

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

  • Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Navarro-Santana M, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, García-Azorín D, Arendt-Nielsen L, et al. Headache as an acute and post-COVID-19 symptom in COVID-19 survivors: a meta-analysis of the current literature. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(11):3820-3825. Crossref
  • Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. Headache associated with COVID-19: Epidemiology, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management. Headache. 2022;62(6):650-656. Crossref
  • Caronna E, Van Den Hoek TC, Bolay H, Garcia-Azorin D, Gago-Veiga AB, Valeriani M, et al. Headache attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination and the impact on primary headache disorders of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review. Cephalalgia. 2023;43(1):03331024221131337. Crossref
  • Excellence C. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19. NG188. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2020.
  • Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D, Gómez-Mayordomo V, Cuadrado ML, Florencio LL. Defining post-COVID symptoms (post-acute COVID, long COVID, persistent post-COVID): an integrative classification. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2621. Crossref
  • Garcia-Azorin D, Layos-Romero A, Porta-Etessam J, Membrilla JA, Caronna E, Gonzalez-Martinez A, et al. Post-COVID-19 persistent headache: a multicentric 9-months follow-up study of 905 patients. Cephalalgia. 2022;42(8):804-809. Crossref
  • Porta-Etessam J, Matías-Guiu JA, González-García N, Gómez Iglesias P, Santos-Bueso E, Arriola-Villalobos P, et al. Spectrum of headaches associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: study of healthcare professionals. Headache. 2020;60(8):1697-1704. Crossref
  • Széphelyi K, Kóra S, Orsi G, Tollár J. Brain Structural Abnormalities in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Headache. Neurol Int. 2025;17(4):50. Crossref
  • Tanashyan MM, Kuznetsova PI, Morozova SN, Annushkin VA, Raskurazhev AA. Neuroimaging correlates of post-COVID-19 symptoms: a functional MRI approach. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(19):2180. Crossref
  • Lee MH, Perl DP, Steiner J, Pasternack N, Li W, Maric D, et al. Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19. Brain. 2022;145(7):2555-2568. Crossref
  • Mohammadi S, Ghaderi S. Post-COVID-19 conditions: a systematic review on advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging findings. Neurol Sci. 2024;45(5):1815-1833. Crossref
  • Mohan N, Fayyaz MA, Del Rio C, Khurana NKRS, Vaidya SS, Salazar E, et al. Neurological manifestations and neuroimaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV2-a systematic review. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2021;57(1):68. Crossref
  • Ocak Ö, Şahin EM. Evaluation of Headache Characteristics in Patients Presenting with Suspected COVID-19. Ankara Med J. 2021;21(4):585-593. Crossref
  • Liu JWTW, de Luca RDa, Mello HO, Barcellos I. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome? New daily persistent headache in the aftermath of COVID-19. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020;78(11):753-754. Crossref
  • Membrilla JA, Caronna E, Trigo-López J, González-Martínez A, Layos-Romero A, Pozo-Rosich P, et al. Persistent headache after COVID-19: Pathophysiology, clinic and treatment. Neurol Perspect. 2021;1(Suppl 1):S31-S36. Crossref
  • Gomez-Dabo L, Melgarejo-Martinez L, Caronna E, Pozo-Rosich P. Headache in COVID-19 and long COVID: to know facts for clinical practice. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2023;23(10):551-560. Crossref
  • Navis A, editor. A review of neurological symptoms in long COVID and clinical management. Semin Neurol. 2023;43(2):185-192. Crossref
  • Rochmawati E, Iskandar AC, Kamilah F. Persistent symptoms among post-COVID-19 survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2024;33(1):29-39. Crossref
  • Taquet M, Sillett R, Zhu L, Mendel J, Camplisson I, Dercon Q, et al. Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9(10):815-827. Crossref
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ağrı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Duygu Arslan Mehdiyev 0000-0002-0438-4502

Gülgün Uncu 0000-0002-2770-0547

Pinar Uzun Uslu 0000-0002-6231-3892

Zeynep Özözen Ayas 0000-0002-9302-5543

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 6 Şubat 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Mart 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA34DX28JC
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan Mehdiyev, D., Uncu, G., Uzun Uslu, P., & Özözen Ayas, Z. (2026). Persistent Headache After COVID-19: Clinical Patterns and Imaging Insights. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences, 9(1), 159-162. https://izlik.org/JA34DX28JC
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/11303