Cyanoacrylate Embolization for the Treatment of Small Saphenous Vein Insufficiency: A Single-Center Observational Study

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 214 - 222, 17.03.2026

Ferid Cereb , Tolga Onur Badak , Ahmet Çakallıoğlu , Hacı Ali Uçak , Hasan Uncu

https://doi.org/10.36516/jocass.1859275

https://izlik.org/JA69CP45FR

Öz

Abstract
Objective: This study evaluates the mid- and long-term anatomical success, safety, and clinical outcomes of cyanoacrylate embolization (CAE), a non-thermal endovenous ablation method, for symptomatic isolated small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency.
Methods: Data from 230 patients (300 extremities) who underwent CAE between January 2019 and December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 60 months. Primary outcome was complete vein occlusion rate at 12 months confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound (DUS). Secondary outcomes included complications and changes in clinical scores.
Results: Mean patient age was 48.5 ± 12.2 years; 67.4% were female. Most common CEAP class was C3 (33.9%). Complete occlusion rate at 12 months was 98.0% (294/300 extremities), maintained at 97.0% at 60 months. Mean pre-procedural VCSS (8.4 ± 2.1), AVVQ (18.1 ± 4.5), and VAS (7.8 ± 1.3) scores decreased to 2.1 ± 1.5, 5.3 ± 2.8, and 1.2 ± 0.9 at 12 months (p<0.001). No major complications or permanent nerve injuries occurred. Transient hypersensitivity-type phlebitis occurred in 5% and resolved with medical treatment.
Conclusion: CAE provides 98% anatomical success, excellent safety (0% nerve injury), and significant quality-of-life improvement for symptomatic SSV insufficiency. These findings support CAE as a first-line treatment option, especially where sural nerve injury risk must be avoided.
Keywords: Small saphenous vein, chronic venous insufficiency, endovenous ablation, cyanoacrylate embolization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

small saphaneus vein , chronic venous insufficiency , endovenous ablation , cyanoacrylate embolization

Küçük Safen Ven Yetersizliğinin Tedavisinde Siyanoakrilat Embolizasyonu: Tek Merkezli Gözlemsel Çalışma

https://izlik.org/JA69CP45FR

Öz

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışma, semptomatik izole küçük safen ven (KSV) yetmezliğinde termal olmayan bir endovenöz ablasyon yöntemi olan siyanoakrilat embolizasyonunun (CAE) orta ve uzun dönem anatomik başarısını, güvenliğini ve klinik sonuçlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntemler: Ocak 2019 ile Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında CAE uygulanan 230 hastaya ait 300 ekstremitenin verileri retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Venöz Klinik Şiddet Skoru (VCSS), Aberdeen Varis Ven Anketi (AVVQ) ve Görsel Analog Skala (VAS) ağrı skorları 1, 6, 12, 24 ve 60. aylarda kaydedildi. Birincil sonlanım noktası, 12. ayda renkli Doppler ultrason (DUS) ile doğrulanan tam ven oklüzyon oranıydı. İkincil sonlanım noktaları komplikasyonlar ve klinik skorlardaki değişimlerdi.

Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama yaşı 48,5 ± 12,2 yıl olup %67,4’ü kadındı. En sık görülen CEAP sınıfı C3 idi (%33,9). On ikinci ayda tam oklüzyon oranı %98,0 (300 ekstremitenin 294’ü) olarak saptandı ve bu oran 60. ayda %97,0 olarak korundu. İşlem öncesi ortalama VCSS (8,4 ± 2,1), AVVQ (18,1 ± 4,5) ve VAS (7,8 ± 1,3) skorları, 12. ayda sırasıyla 2,1 ± 1,5, 5,3 ± 2,8 ve 1,2 ± 0,9’a geriledi (p<0,001). Majör komplikasyon veya kalıcı sinir hasarı izlenmedi. Geçici aşırı duyarlılık tipinde flebit %5 oranında görüldü ve medikal tedavi ile düzeldi.

Sonuç: CAE, semptomatik KSV yetmezliğinde %98 anatomik başarı, mükemmel güvenlik ( %0 sinir hasarı ) ve yaşam kalitesinde anlamlı iyileşme sağlamaktadır. Bu bulgular, özellikle sural sinir hasarı riskinin kaçınılması gereken durumlarda CAE’nin birinci basamak tedavi seçeneği olarak desteklenmesini sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Küçük safen ven, kronik venöz yetmezlik, endovenöz ablasyon, siyanoakrilat embolizasyonu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

küçük safen ven , kronik venöz yetmezlik , endovenöz ablasyon , siyanoakrilat embolizasyon

Kaynakça

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