Araştırma Makalesi
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Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 24 - 27, 17.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA96LB76HW

Öz

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological factors associated with lymph node metastasis in patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastric cancer, with particular emphasis on biological invasion parameters.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer between 2010 and 2020 at a single tertiary center. Patients with distant metastasis or those who received neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and pathological variables were recorded. Lymph node metastasis was defined as the presence of at least one metastatic lymph node. Univariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with lymph node metastasis, followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine independent predictors.
Results
A total of 122 patients were included. In univariate analysis, tumor diameter, number of retrieved lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (all p < 0.05). Age, sex, body mass index, hemoglobin, and serum albumin levels were not significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. In multivariable analysis, lymphovascular invasion emerged as the only independent predictor of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio 6.91, 95% confidence interval 2.67–17.89, p < 0.001), whereas tumor diameter and perineural invasion lost statistical significance after adjustment.
Conclusion
Lymphovascular invasion is the strongest independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. These findings highlight the importance of tumor biological behavior and careful pathological assessment for postoperative risk stratification.
Keywords
Gastric cancer, Lymph node metastasis, Lymphovascular invasion, Pathology, Risk factors

Kaynakça

  • Sundar R, Nakayama I, Markar SR, Shitara K, van Laarhoven HWM, Janjigian YY, et al. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2025;405(10494):2087-2102. Crossref
  • 2. Hwang J, Carr J. Lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2025;105(1):47-54. Crossref
  • 3. Yu Z, Liu H, Li R, Hu L, Xiao C, Gao Y, et al. Clinicopathological factors and nomogram construction for lymph node metastasis in locally advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2024;16:1475-1489. Crossref
  • 4. Du J, Shen Y, Yan W, Wang J. Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in the splenic hilum of gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2020;18(1):233. Crossref
  • 5. Duan M, Li M, He L, Dai S, Zhou L, Liu Z, et al. Risk prediction models for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25(1):776. Crossref
  • 6. HajiEsmailPoor Z, Tabnak P, Baradaran B, Pashazadeh F, Aghebati-Maleki L. Diagnostic performance of CT scan-based radiomics for prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1185663. Crossref
  • 7. de Jong MHS, Gisbertz SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Draaisma WA. Prevalence of nodal metastases in the individual lymph node stations for different T-stages in gastric cancer: a systematic review. Updates Surg. 2023;75(2):281-290. Crossref
  • 8. Mao S, Li W, Pan Y, Wu H, Xiang Y, Liu M, et al. Long-term outcomes of additional surgery vs. observation after noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer and application value of the eCura scoring system: a propensity score-matched study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2025;29(6):102030. Crossref
  • 9. Xu N, Zhang Y, Ma X, Meng W. Lymph node metastasis and its risk factors for early gastritis individuals who underwent noncurative endoscopic resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(10):2191-2200. Crossref
  • 10. Yang S, Gu X, Tao R, Huo J, Hu Z, Sun F, et al. Relationship between histological mixed-type early gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(4):e0266952. Crossref
  • 11. Li Y, Xie F, Xiong Q, Lei H, Feng P. Machine learning for lymph node metastasis prediction in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:946038. Crossref
  • 12. Zhao X, Cai A, Xi H, Song Y, Wang Y, Li H, et al. Predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with signet ring cell histology: a meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg. 2017;87(12):981-986. Crossref
  • 13. Jiang B, Zhou L, Lu J, Wang Y, Guo J. Predictors of lymph node metastasis and residual tumor in early gastric cancer patients after noncurative endoscopic resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020;13:1756284820935033. Crossref
  • 14. Varvarousis DN, Marini AA, Ntritsos G, Barbouti A, Kitsoulis PV, Kanavaros PE. Relationship of lymphatic vessel invasion and density with clinicopathological parameters and survival in patients with gastric carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract. 2025;269:155877. Crossref

Gastrik Kanserde Lenf Nodu Metastazı ile İlişkili Klinikopatolojik Faktörler

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 24 - 27, 17.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA96LB76HW

Öz

Özet
Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı, gastrik kanser nedeniyle cerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastalarda lenf nodu metastazı ile ilişkili klinikopatolojik faktörleri değerlendirmek ve özellikle biyolojik invazyon parametrelerine odaklanmaktır.
Yöntem
Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, 2010–2020 yılları arasında tek bir üçüncü basamak merkezde gastrik kanser nedeniyle cerrahi tedavi uygulanan hastalar dahil edildi. Uzak metastazı olan hastalar ve neoadjuvan tedavi alanlar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Demografik, klinik ve patolojik veriler kaydedildi. Lenf nodu metastazı, histopatolojik incelemede en az bir metastatik lenf nodunun varlığı olarak tanımlandı. Lenf nodu metastazı ile ilişkili faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla önce tek değişkenli analizler yapıldı, ardından bağımsız prediktörleri saptamak için çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi uygulandı.
Bulgular
Toplam 122 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tek değişkenli analizlerde tümör çapı, çıkarılan lenf nodu sayısı, lenfovasküler invazyon ve perinöral invazyon lenf nodu metastazı ile anlamlı olarak ilişkili bulundu (tümü için p < 0,05). Yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi, hemoglobin ve serum albümin düzeyleri ile lenf nodu metastazı arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Çok değişkenli analizde ise lenfovasküler invazyon, lenf nodu metastazı için tek bağımsız prediktör olarak belirlendi (olasılık oranı 6,91; %95 güven aralığı 2,67–17,89; p < 0,001). Tümör çapı ve perinöral invazyon, diğer değişkenler için düzeltme yapıldıktan sonra istatistiksel anlamlılığını kaybetti.

Sonuç
Lenfovasküler invazyon, gastrik kanser nedeniyle cerrahi uygulanan hastalarda lenf nodu metastazının en güçlü ve tek bağımsız prediktörüdür. Bu bulgular, lenf nodu yayılımında tümör biyolojik davranışının önemini vurgulamakta ve ameliyat sonrası risk sınıflandırmasında dikkatli patolojik değerlendirmenin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gastrik kanser, Lenf nodu metastazı, Lenfovasküler invazyon, Patoloji, Risk faktörleri

Kaynakça

  • Sundar R, Nakayama I, Markar SR, Shitara K, van Laarhoven HWM, Janjigian YY, et al. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2025;405(10494):2087-2102. Crossref
  • 2. Hwang J, Carr J. Lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2025;105(1):47-54. Crossref
  • 3. Yu Z, Liu H, Li R, Hu L, Xiao C, Gao Y, et al. Clinicopathological factors and nomogram construction for lymph node metastasis in locally advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2024;16:1475-1489. Crossref
  • 4. Du J, Shen Y, Yan W, Wang J. Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in the splenic hilum of gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2020;18(1):233. Crossref
  • 5. Duan M, Li M, He L, Dai S, Zhou L, Liu Z, et al. Risk prediction models for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25(1):776. Crossref
  • 6. HajiEsmailPoor Z, Tabnak P, Baradaran B, Pashazadeh F, Aghebati-Maleki L. Diagnostic performance of CT scan-based radiomics for prediction of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1185663. Crossref
  • 7. de Jong MHS, Gisbertz SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Draaisma WA. Prevalence of nodal metastases in the individual lymph node stations for different T-stages in gastric cancer: a systematic review. Updates Surg. 2023;75(2):281-290. Crossref
  • 8. Mao S, Li W, Pan Y, Wu H, Xiang Y, Liu M, et al. Long-term outcomes of additional surgery vs. observation after noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer and application value of the eCura scoring system: a propensity score-matched study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2025;29(6):102030. Crossref
  • 9. Xu N, Zhang Y, Ma X, Meng W. Lymph node metastasis and its risk factors for early gastritis individuals who underwent noncurative endoscopic resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(10):2191-2200. Crossref
  • 10. Yang S, Gu X, Tao R, Huo J, Hu Z, Sun F, et al. Relationship between histological mixed-type early gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(4):e0266952. Crossref
  • 11. Li Y, Xie F, Xiong Q, Lei H, Feng P. Machine learning for lymph node metastasis prediction in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:946038. Crossref
  • 12. Zhao X, Cai A, Xi H, Song Y, Wang Y, Li H, et al. Predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with signet ring cell histology: a meta-analysis. ANZ J Surg. 2017;87(12):981-986. Crossref
  • 13. Jiang B, Zhou L, Lu J, Wang Y, Guo J. Predictors of lymph node metastasis and residual tumor in early gastric cancer patients after noncurative endoscopic resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020;13:1756284820935033. Crossref
  • 14. Varvarousis DN, Marini AA, Ntritsos G, Barbouti A, Kitsoulis PV, Kanavaros PE. Relationship of lymphatic vessel invasion and density with clinicopathological parameters and survival in patients with gastric carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract. 2025;269:155877. Crossref
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Cerrahi Onkoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erkan Güler 0000-0003-0881-1003

Gizem Hamurcu Karakuş 0009-0009-0033-6712

Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ocak 2026
Kabul Tarihi 4 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Mart 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA96LB76HW
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, E., & Hamurcu Karakuş, G. (2026). Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. Journal of Cukurova Anesthesia and Surgical Sciences, 9(1), 24-27. https://izlik.org/JA96LB76HW
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/journal-file/11303