The Impact of International Trade and Tourism Development on Quality of Life: Evidence from Turkey

Öz

This study aims to explore the impact of international trade, income distribution, economic growth, and tourism development on the quality of life for the case of Turkey, which is a member of OECD and ranks 6th in tourist arrivals, according to United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2020) using annual frequency dataset from 1990-2019. The present study leverages on Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), Canonical Cointegration (CCR) and Johansen Cointegration techniques. Empirical results confirm a long-term relationship between GDP, GINI coefficient, international trade, and quality of life. The analysis results do not confirm the significant effects of tourism development on the quality of life in Turkey. This study concludes that although Turkey is one of the top tourist destinations in the world, this sector does not significantly contribute to a better life of citizens living in Turkey while GDP, GINI coefficient, and international trade are found to be important drivers of life quality in Turkey. The results of this study contain essential policy implications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Quality of Life
• International Trade
• Tourism Development
• Economic Growth
• Income Distribution

Uluslararası Ticaret ve Turizm Gelişiminin Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye’den Kanıtlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, uluslararası ticaret, gelir dağılımı, ekonomik büyüme ve turizm gelişiminin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini, OECD üyesi olan ve Birleşmiş Millet Dünya Turizm Örgütü raporuna göre turist sayısında 6. sırada yer alan Türkiye örneğinde, 1990-2019 yılları arasındaki yıllık veri setini kullanarak araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın metodoloji kısmında FMOLS, DOLS, CCR ve Johansen Eşbütünleşme tekniklerinden yararlanılmaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar, GSYİH, GINI katsayısı, uluslararası ticaret ve yaşam kalitesi arasında uzun vadeli bir ilişkiyi doğrulamaktadır. Analiz sonuçları ayrıca turizm gelişiminin Türkiye'deki yaşam kalitesi üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu doğrulamamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin dünyadaki en önemli turistik destinasyonlardan biri olmasına rağmen, bu sektörün Türkiye'de yaşayan vatandaşların daha iyi bir yaşam sürmesine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunmadığı ve GSYİH, gelir dağılımı ve uluslararası ticaretin yaşam kalitesinin önemli itici güçleri olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, bazı önemli politika çıkarımlarını içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşam kalitesi
• Uluslararası Ticaret
• Turizm Geliştirme
• Ekonomik büyüme
• Gelir dağılımı

Kaynakça

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