Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde İnovasyon ve Ekonomik Büyümenin CO2 Emisyonu Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Çevresel sorunların giderek arttığı günümüzde her alanda çözüm arayışları sürmektedir. İktisat literatüründe de ekonomik büyüme ile çevre kirliliği arasındaki ilişki sıklıkla ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan 13 ülkede 2000 – 2019 yılları arasındaki dönemde inovasyon, ekonomik büyüme, ticari açıklık ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin CO2 emisyonu üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde yatay kesit bağımlılığını göz önünde bulunduran ikinci nesil Hadri – Kurozumi (2012) Panel Birim Kök Testi, Westerlund & Edgerton (2007) Panel LM Bootstrap Eşbütünleşme Testi ve AMG Katsayı Tahmincisi uygulanmıştır. Analizler neticesinde elde edilen ülke sonuçlar ülkelere göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre Ermenistan ve Kuzey Makedonya’da inovasyon CO2 emisyonunu azaltırken, Brezilya, Bulgaristan, Çin, Kolombiya ve Türkiye artırmaktadır. Elde edilen diğer sonuçlarda ise ekonomik büyüme ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin bu ülkelerde CO2 emisyonunun azaltılmasında önemli faktörler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar kapsamında gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimin yaygınlaştırılması, çevre kirliliği odaklı inovasyon faaliyetlerinin teşvik edilmesi önemli görülmektedir. Ayrıca yapılan inovasyon çalışmaları ülkelerin fosil yakıt bağımlılığını azaltmak üzere yeniden oluşturulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnovasyon
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• CO2 emisyonu

The Effect of Innovation and Economic Growth on CO2 Emissions in Developing Countries

Öz

In today's world, where environmental problems are increasing day by day, the search for solutions continues in every field. The relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution is frequently discussed in the economics literature. In this study, the effect of innovation, economic growth, trade openness and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in the period between 2000 and 2019 in 13 developing countries was analyzed. The second generation Hadri – Kurozumi (2012) Panel Unit Root Test, Westerlund & Edgerton (2007) Panel LM Bootstrap Cointegration Test and AMG Coefficient Estimator were applied, which took into account the cross-section dependency in the analyses. The country results obtained as a result of the analyzes differ according to the countries. According to these results, while innovation reduces CO2 emissions in Armenia and North Macedonia, it increases it in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia and Turkey. In other results, it has been determined that economic growth and renewable energy consumption are important factors in reducing CO2 emissions in these countries. Within the scope of the results obtained, it is considered important to spread renewable energy consumption in developing countries and to encourage environmental pollution-oriented innovation activities. In addition, innovation studies should be reconstructed in order to reduce the fossil fuel dependence of countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Innovation
• Economic Growth
• CO2 emissions

Kaynakça

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