Dijital Konteyner Taşımacılığı: Engellerin Yapısal Modellemesi ve Analizi

Öz

Dijital konteyner taşımacılığı, geleneksel deniz taşımacılığı süreçlerinin dijital teknolojilerle entegre edilmesiyle taşımacılık endüstrisinde daha verimli, izlenebilir, sürdürülebilir ve optimize edilmiş operasyonel süreçlere ulaşılmasını hedefleyen yenilikçi bir yaklaşımdır. Mevcut çalışma kapsamında, dijital konteyner taşımacılığının önündeki temel engellerin ortaya çıkarılarak, engeller arasındaki hiyerarşik ilişkilerin açıklığa kavuşturulması, engellerin etki-bağımlılık düzeylerine göre sınıflandırılması ve engellere ilişkin çözüm önerileri sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Uzman görüşleri perspektifinde, çalışma kapsamında belirlenen engellerin giderilmesine ilişkin çeşitli çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dijital Konteyner Taşımacılığı
• Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme
• MICMAC Yöntemi

Digital Container Transportation: Structural Modeling and Analysis of Barriers

Öz

Digital container shipping is an innovative approach that aims to achieve more efficient, traceable, sustainable, and optimized operational processes in the transportation industry by integrating traditional maritime transportation processes with digital technologies. This study aims to identify the main barriers facing digital container transportation, identify the hierarchical relationships among these barriers, categorize them according to their level of impact dependency, and propose solutions to these barriers. Several solutions were proposed from the perspective of experts to address the barriers identified in the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Digital Container Transportation
• Interpretive Structural Modeling
• MICMAC Method

Kaynakça

1. Agrawal, N. M. (2019). Modeling Deming’s quality principles to improve performance using interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 36(7), 1159-1180. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-07-2018-0204
2. Agrawal, P., Narain, R., & Ullah, I. (2019). Analysis of barriers in implementation of digital transformation of supply chain using interpretive structural modelling approach. Journal of Modelling in Management, 15(1), 297-317. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-03-2019-0066
3. Altuntaş Vural, C., Roso, V., Halldórsson, Á., Ståhle, G., & Yaruta, M. (2020). Can digitalization mitigate barriers to intermodal transport? An exploratory study. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 37, 100525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100525
4. Aracıoğlu, B. (2022). Türkiye'de Konteyner Limanlarının Etkinlik Analizi. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi A.Ş.
5. Attri, R., Dev, N., & Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach: An Overview. Research Journal of Management Sciences 2(2), 3-8.
6. Balcı, G. (2021a). Digitalization in Container Shipping Services: Critical Resources for Competitive Advantage. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 9(1), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.4274/jems.2021.47364
7. Balci, G. (2021b). Digitalization in container shipping: Do perception and satisfaction regarding digital products in a non-technology industry affect overall customer loyalty? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121016
8. Balci, G., & Surucu-Balci, E. (2021). Blockchain adoption in the maritime supply chain: Examining barriers and salient stakeholders in containerized international trade. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 156, 102539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2021.102539

9. Beloor, V., Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Swamy, D. R., Aishwarya, S. P., & Bharath Gowda, N. (2022). Modeling facilitators of sustainable manufacturing practices – An integrated Pareto, ISM and MICMAC approach. Materials Today: Proceedings, 66, 2642-2649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.227
10. Bendel, O. (2015). Die Industrie 4.0 aus ethischer Sicht. HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik, 52(5), 739-748. https://doi.org/10.1365/s40702-015-0163-z
11. Bernhofen, D. M., El-Sahli, Z., & Kneller, R. (2016). Estimating the effects of the container revolution on world trade. Journal of International Economics, 98, 36-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.09.001
12. Brunila, O.-P., Kunnaala-Hyrkki, V., & Inkinen, T. (2021). Hindrances in port digitalization? Identifying problems in adoption and implementation. European Transport Research Review, 13(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12544-021-00523-0
13. Cichosz, M., Wallenburg, C. M., & Knemeyer, A. M. (2020). Digital transformation at logistics service providers: Barriers, success factors and leading practices. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 31(2), 209-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-08-2019-0229
14. Cil, A. Y., Abdurahman, D., & Cil, I. (2022). Internet of Things enabled real time cold chain monitoring in a container port. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 7(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-022-00110-z
15. Coronado Mondragon, A. E., Coronado Mondragon, C. E., & Coronado, E. S. (2017). ICT adoption in multimodal transport sites: Investigating institutional-related influences in international seaports terminals. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 97, 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.01.014
16. Coşar, A. K., & Demir, B. (2018). Shipping inside the box: Containerization and trade. Journal of International Economics, 114, 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.07.008
17. Çalışkan, A. (2020). Akıllı liman dönüşümünde zorlukların yorumlayıcı yapısal modelleme ile değerlendirilmesi. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(1), 305-320. https://doi.org/10.14514/BYK.m.26515393.2020.8/1.305-320
18. Del Giudice, M., Di Vaio, A., Hassan, R., & Palladino, R. (2022). Digitalization and new technologies for sustainable business models at the ship–port interface: A bibliometric analysis. Maritime Policy & Management, 49(3), 410-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.1903600
19. Del Rosal, I., & Moura, T. G. Z. (2022). The effect of shipping connectivity on seaborne containerised export flows. Transport Policy, 118, 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.01.020
20. Dutta, P., Choi, T.-M., Somani, S., & Butala, R. (2020). Blockchain technology in supply chain operations: Applications, challenges and research opportunities. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 142, 102067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102067
21. Fitzgerald, M., Kruschwitz, N., Bonnet, D., & Welch, M. (2013). Embracing Digital Technology. MIT Sloan Management Review. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/projects/embracing-digital-technology/
22. Fruth, M., & Teuteberg, F. (2017). Digitization in maritime logistics—What is there and what is missing? Cogent Business & Management, 4(1), 1411066. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1411066
23. Gahlot, N. K., Bagri, G. P., Gulati, B., Bhatia, L., barat, S., & Das, S. (2023). Analysis of barriers to implement green supply chain management practices in Indian automotive industries with the help of ISM model. Materials Today: Proceedings, 82, 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.02.146
24. Govindan, K., & Arampatzis, G. (2023). A framework to measure readiness and barriers for the implementation of Industry 4.0: A case approach. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 59, 101249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101249
25. Gupta, H., Yadav, A. K., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Khan, S. A., & Sharma, S. C. (2022). Strategies to overcome barriers to innovative digitalisation technologies for supply chain logistics resilience during pandemic. Technology in Society, 69, 101970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101970
26. Han, H., Liu, Z., Wang, X., & Li, S. (2021). Research of the Relations Among Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Block Chain and Their Application in Maritime Field. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1927(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1927/1/012026
27. Hangl, J., Krause, S., & Behrens, V. J. (2023). Drivers, barriers and social considerations for AI adoption in SCM. Technology in Society, 74, 102299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102299
28. Headrick, D., (2009). Technology: A World History. Oxford University Press.
29. Ichimura, Y., Dalaklis, D., Kitada, M., & Christodoulou, A. (2022). Shipping in the era of digitalization: Mapping the future strategic plans of major maritime commercial actors. Digital Business, 2(1), 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100022
30. Jena, A., & Patel, S. K. (2022). Analysis and evaluation of Indian industrial system requirements and barriers affect during implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 120(3), 2109-2133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-08821-0
31. Jović, M., Tijan, E., Vidmar, D., & Pucihar, A. (2022). Factors of Digital Transformation in the Maritime Transport Sector. Sustainability, 14(15), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159776
32. Kumar Dadsena, K., & Pant, P. (2023). Analyzing the barriers in supply chain digitization: Sustainable development goals perspective. Operations Management Research, 16(4), 1684-1697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-023-00351-6
33. Kumar, G., James, A. T., Choudhary, K., Sahai, R., & Song, W. K. (2022). Investigation and analysis of implementation challenges for autonomous vehicles in developing countries using hybrid structural modeling. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 185, 122080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122080
34. Kumar, R., Singh, R. Kr., & Dwivedi, Y. Kr. (2020). Application of industry 4.0 technologies in SMEs for ethical and sustainable operations: Analysis of challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 124063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124063
35. Kumar, S., Raut, R. D., Aktas, E., Narkhede, B. E., & Gedam, V. V. (2023). Barriers to adoption of industry 4.0 and sustainability: A case study with SMEs. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 36(5), 657-677. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2022.2128217
36. Kumar, S., Raut, R. D., Nayal, K., Kraus, S., Yadav, V. S., & Narkhede, B. E. (2021). To identify industry 4.0 and circular economy adoption barriers in the agriculture supply chain by using ISM-ANP. Journal of Cleaner Production, 293, 126023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126023
37. Lorenz-Meyer, F., & Santos, V. (2023). Blockchain in the shipping industry: A proposal for the use of blockchain for SMEs in the maritime industry. Procedia Computer Science, 219, 807-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.354
38. Magalhães, V. S. M., Ferreira, L. M. D. F., & Silva, C. (2021). Using a methodological approach to model causes of food loss and waste in fruit and vegetable supply chains. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283, 124574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124574
39. Mallam, S. C., Nazir, S., & Renganayagalu, S. K. (2019). Rethinking Maritime Education, Training, and Operations in the Digital Era: Applications for Emerging Immersive Technologies. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(12), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120428
40. Malone, D. W. (1975). An introduction to the application of interpretive structural modeling. Proceedings of the IEEE, 63(3), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1975.9765
41. Mangla, S. K., Luthra, S., Mishra, N., Singh, A., Rana, N. P., Dora, M., & Dwivedi, Y. (2018). Barriers to effective circular supply chain management in a developing country context. Production Planning & Control, 29(6), 551-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2018.1449265
42. Munim, Z. H., Dushenko, M., Jimenez, V. J., Shakil, M. H., & Imset, M. (2020). Big data and artificial intelligence in the maritime industry: A bibliometric review and future research directions. Maritime Policy & Management, 47(5), 577-597. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1788731
43. Nguyen, S., Shu-Ling Chen, P., & Du, Y. (2022). Risk assessment of maritime container shipping blockchain-integrated systems: An analysis of multi-event scenarios. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 163, 102764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.102764
44. Nimawat, D., & Gidwani, B. D. (2021). Prioritization of barriers for Industry 4.0 adoption in the context of Indian manufacturing industries using AHP and ANP analysis. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 34(11), 1139-1161. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2021.1963481
45. Papathanasiou, A., Cole, R., & Murray, P. (2020). The (non-)application of blockchain technology in the Greek shipping industry. European Management Journal, 38(6), 927-938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.04.007
46. Parola, F., Satta, G., Buratti, N., & Vitellaro, F. (2021). Digital technologies and business opportunities for logistics centres in maritime supply chains. Maritime Policy & Management, 48(4), 461-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2020.1802784
47. Pu, S., & Lam, J. S. L. (2021). Greenhouse gas impact of digitalizing shipping documents: Blockchain vs. centralized systems. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 97, 102942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102942
48. Raj, A., Dwivedi, G., Sharma, A., Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A. B., & Rajak, S. (2020). Barriers to the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing sector: An inter-country comparative perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 224, 107546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107546
49. Ravi, V., & Shankar, R. (2005). Analysis of interactions among the barriers of reverse logistics. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 72(8), 1011-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2004.07.002
50. Raza, Z., Woxenius, J., Vural, C. A., & Lind, M. (2023). Digital transformation of maritime logistics: Exploring trends in the liner shipping segment. Computers in Industry, 145, 103811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103811
51. Razmjooei, D., Alimohammadlou, M., Ranaei Kordshouli, H.-A., & Askarifar, K. (2023). Industry 4.0 research in the maritime industry: A bibliometric analysis. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-022-00298-8
52. Reddy, P., Chaudhary, K., & Hussein, S. (2023). A digital literacy model to narrow the digital literacy skills gap. Heliyon, 9(4), e14878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14878
53. Rosa, P., Sassanelli, C., Urbinati, A., Chiaroni, D., & Terzi, S. (2020). Assessing relations between Circular Economy and Industry 4.0: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 58(6), 1662-1687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1680896
54. Sanchez-Gonzalez, P.-L., Díaz-Gutiérrez, D., Leo, T. J., & Núñez-Rivas, L. R. (2019). Toward Digitalization of Maritime Transport? Sensors, 19(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19040926
55. Sarkar, B. D., & Shankar, R. (2021). Understanding the barriers of port logistics for effective operation in the Industry 4.0 era: Data-driven decision making. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 100031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2021.100031
56. Senna, P. P., Ferreira, L. M. D. F., Barros, A. C., Bonnín Roca, J., & Magalhães, V. (2022). Prioritizing barriers for the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 171, 108428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108428
57. Shen, L., Song, X., Wu, Y., Liao, S., & Zhang, X. (2016). Interpretive Structural Modeling based factor analysis on the implementation of Emission Trading System in the Chinese building sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 127, 214-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.151
58. Shou, Y., Zhao, X., Dai, J., & Xu, D. (2021). Matching traceability and supply chain coordination: Achieving operational innovation for superior performance. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 145, 102181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102181
59. Singh, R., & Bhanot, N. (2020). An integrated DEMATEL-MMDE-ISM based approach for analysing the barriers of IoT implementation in the manufacturing industry. International Journal of Production Research, 58(8), 2454-2476. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1675915
60. Song, D. (2021). A Literature Review, Container Shipping Supply Chain: Planning Problems and Research Opportunities. Logistics, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5020041
61. Tijan, E., Jović, M., Aksentijević, S., & Pucihar, A. (2021). Digital transformation in the maritime transport sector. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120879
62. Tripathi, S., & Gupta, M. (2019). “Impact of barriers on industry 4.0 transformation dimensions”. In: International Conference on Precision, Meso, Micro and Nano Engineering (COPEN 2019), Indore, India.
63. Tsolakis, N., Zissis, D., Papaefthimiou, S., & Korfiatis, N. (2022). Towards AI driven environmental sustainability: An application of automated logistics in container port terminals. International Journal of Production Research, 60(14), 4508-4528. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1914355
64. Urciuoli, L., & Hintsa, J. (2021). Can digital ecosystems mitigate risks in sea transport operations? Estimating benefits for supply chain stakeholders. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 23(2), 237-267. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-020-00163-6
65. T.S., D., & Ravi, V. (2023). An ISM-MICMAC approach for analyzing dependencies among barriers of supply chain digitalization. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(3), 817-841. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-02-2022-0044
66. TÜRKLİM (2022). Türkiye Limancılık Sektörü 2022 Raporu Vizyon 2050. Türkiye Liman İşletmecileri Derneği (Erişim:01.06.2023) www.turkklim.org
67. UAB (2024). T.C. UAB Denizcilik İstatistikleri, (Erişim: 30.01.2024), https://denizcilikistatistikleri.uab.gov.tr/yuk-istatistikleri
68. UNCTAD (2018). 50 Years of Review of Maritime Transport, 1968–2018. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (Erişim:01.06.2023),https://unctad.org/publication/50-years-review-maritime-transport-1968-2018-reflecting-past exploring-future
69. Vimal, K. E. K., Churi, K., & Kandasamy, J. (2022). Analysing the drivers for adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in a functional paper – cement – sugar circular sharing network. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 31, 459-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.03.006
70. World Economic Forum. (2020). Mapping TradeTech:Trade in Fourth Industrial Revolution.(Erişim:01.06.2023), https://www.weforum.org/publications/mapping-tradetech-trade-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/
71. Wu, W.-S., Yang, C.-F., Chang, J.-C., Château, P.-A., & Chang, Y.-C. (2015). Risk assessment by integrating interpretive structural modeling and Bayesian network, case of offshore pipeline project. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 142, 515-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.06.013
72. Yang, C.-S. (2019). Maritime shipping digitalization: Blockchain-based technology applications, future improvements, and intention to use. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 131, 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2019.09.020
73. Yıldız Çankaya, S. (2022). Kapalı döngü tedarik zinciri uygulamalarını etkileyen faktörlerin yorumlayıcı yapısal modelleme ve mıcmac yöntemleri ile analizi. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1146472
74. Yuen, K. F., Koh, L. Y., Fong, J. H., & Wang, X. (2022). Determinants of Digital Transformation in Container Shipping Lines: A Theory Driven Approach. Maritime Policy & Management, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2022.2139420
75. Yüksekyıldız, E. (2021). ENTROPİ ve EATWOS yöntemleri ile Türkiye konteyner limanlarinin verimlilik analizi. Verimlilik Dergisi, (2), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.660708
76. Zeng, F., Chan, H. K., & Pawar, K. (2020). The adoption of open platform for container bookings in the maritime supply chain. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 141, 102019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102019
77. Zhang, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2019). A fuzzy Delphi-AHP-TOPSIS framework to identify barriers in big data analytics adoption: Case of maritime organizations. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(7), 781-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2019.1628318
78. Zheng, T., Ardolino, M., Bacchetti, A., Perona, M., & Zanardini, M. (2019). The impacts of Industry 4.0: A descriptive survey in the Italian manufacturing sector. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 31(5), 1085-1115. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-08-2018-0269
79. Zhou, F., Lim, M. K., He, Y., Lin, Y., & Chen, S. (2019). End-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycling management: Improving performance using an ISM approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.182
80. Zhou, Y., & Yuen, K. F. (2024). A Bayesian network model for container shipping companies’ organisational sustainability risk management. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 126, 103999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2023.103999
81. Zolich, A., Palma, D., Kansanen, K., Fjørtoft, K., Sousa, J., Johansson, K. H., Jiang, Y., Dong, H., & Johansen, T. A. (2019). Survey on Communication and Networks for Autonomous Marine Systems. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 95(3-4), 789-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-018-0833-5