Bangladeş için Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC): Tam Modifiye Edilmiş OLS Yaklaşımından Kanıtlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, birçok araştırmacının çevresel bozulma ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiye ilişkin ampirik kanıt ve ilişkiye ilişkin kanıtlar sunmasına rağmen, metodolojik ve kapsam yönlerinden benzersizdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bangladeş için Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezini tahmin etmektir. 1972'den 2013'e kadar mevcut veriler kullanılarak, uzun dönem için FMOLS (Tam Değiştirilmiş Sıradan En Küçük Kareler) yaklaşımı, Engle-Granger ve Phillips-Ouliaris eşbütünleşme testi ve kısa dönemli ilişkinin araştırılması için Granger nedensellik testi kapsamında EKC hipotezinii tahmin ettik. Çalışma, ekonomik büyümenin artmasıyla enerji tüketiminin arttığını ve dolayısıyla kirliliğin arttığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca Bangladeş'te yenilenemeyen enerji tüketiminin, kirliliğin (sera gazı emisyonu) başlıca nedeni olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca Bangladeş için ters U şeklinde bir EKC'yi doğrulamaktadır. Başlıca politika önerisi, kirliliği azaltmak ve daha yüksek ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik etmek için yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını teşvik etmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevresek Kuznet Eğrisi
• FMOLS
• Bangladesh
• Kirlilik
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Bangladesh: Evidence from Fully Modified OLS Approach

Öz

This study is unique from methodological and contextual aspects despite many researchers show the empirical evidence and nexus between environmental degradation and economic growth. The goal of this study is to estimate Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for Bangladesh. Using the data available from 1972 to 2013, we estimated EKC under FMOLS (Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square) approach, Engle-Granger, and Phillips-Ouliaris cointegration test for the long run, and Granger causality test for a short-run relationship. The study shows that energy consumption increases with the increase in economic growth, thereby pollution increases Moreover, it reveals that non-renewable energy consumption is the primary cause of pollution (greenhouse gas emission) in Bangladesh. The study also confirms an inverted U-shaped EKC for Bangladesh. The major policy recommendation is to stimulate the use of renewable energy sources to reduce pollution and to promote higher economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)
• FMOLS
• Bangladesh
• Pollution
• Sustainability

Kaynakça

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