Prevalence and risk factors of otitis media with effusion in primary school and kindergarten children in provincial and district centers of Diyarbakır

Öz

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) among primary school and kindergarten children in provincial and district centers of Diyarbakır. Methods: The study was conducted at 4 primary schools and 3 kindergartens in the city center, and at 13 primary schools in district centers. Using the combined physical examination and otoscopic and tympanometric evaluations, 256 children out of 1,763 (14.5%) were diagnosed with OME. Results: Among total OME cases (119 girls, 137 boys) 118 (46.1%) had bilateral while 138 cases (53.9%) had unilateral effusion (89 on left and 49 on right ear). The prevalence of OME among primary school students were 12.6% at the city center, 16.3% at district level schools and 15.2% among kindergarten students. Higher OME prevalence is associated with passive smoking and allergic rhinitis. Age, sex, attending kindergarten and socioeconomic status were not significantly related with OME. Conclusion: In conclusion, because of high prevalence of otitis media and its possible severe complications screening equipment should be ensured at primary level health institutions. Screening for OME should be a part of preventive health services particularly for all kindergarten and early elementary school students; and should be performed by ENT specialist or pediatricians/general practitioners trained in pneumatic otoscopic and tympanometric evaluation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otitis media with effusion, prevalence, primary school, kindergarten

Diyarbakır il ve ilçe merkezlerinde ilköğretim ve anaokulu çocuklarında efüzyonlu otitis media prevalansı ve risk faktörleri

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır il ve ilçe merkezlerindeki ilköğretim ve kreş çocuklarında efüzyonlu otitis media (EOM) prevalansı ve risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza il merkezinde bulunan 4 ve çevre ilçelerden 13 ilköğretim okulu ile il merkezindeki 3 anaokulu dahil edildi. Fizik muayene, otoskopi ve timpanometri ile değerlendirilen 1763 çocuğun 256'sında (%14.5) (119 kız, 137 erkek) EOM teşhisi konuldu. Bulgular: Hastalık 118 olguda (%46.1) çift tarafta iken 138 olguda (%53.9) (89 sol, 49 sağ) tek tarafta idi. Çalışmamızda ilköğretim okullarındaki öğrencilerde EOM prevalansının il merkezinde %12.6 iken ilçelerde %16.3 olduğu; anaokullarında ise %15.2 olduğu saptandı. EOM prevalansı, alerji ve pasif sigara içimi ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Prevalansın, cinsiyet, yaş, kreşte bulunma, sosyoekonomik durum ile anlamlı ilişkisi tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, otitis medianın yaygınlığı ve olası komplikasyonların ciddiyeti düşünüldüğünde birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde kulak muayenesi yapabilecek ekipman bulundurulmalıdır. Özellikle kreş ve erken ilköğretim çağındaki çocuklar olmak üzere, EOM taraması koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerin bir parçası olarak sunulmalı ve taramalar kulak burun boğaz hastalıkları uzmanları veya pnömatik otoskopi, timpanometri konusunda eğitilmiş pediatristler veya pratisyen hekimler tarafından yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Efüzyonlu otitis media, prevalans, ilkokul, kreş

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