Immune system and protection from infections

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 31 - 42, 01.03.2012

Murat Songu Hüseyin Katılmış

https://doi.org/10.2399/jmu.2012001006

Öz

Immune system is a sum of all processes which protect a living organism against diseases, also recognize, and destroy pathogens and tumor cells. Human body protects itself against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances via very diverse mechanisms. This protection involves physical barriers, fagocytic cells in blood, and tissues, and various molecules of hematologic origin. These mechanisms can be divided into two interdependent defense systems as non-specific or hereditary immune system and specific or acquired immune system. Non-specific immune system which is the first stage of the defense system discriminates between foreign substances and those belonging to the body, but it cannot distinguish between two types of pathogens. However, specific immune system can discern between those belonging or foreign to the organism, and responds specifically to different pathogens, and foreign molecules. The main objective of this paper is in general to deal with cells, molecules, and tissues involving in immune system, and define normal mechanisms used to defend the body against foreign substances.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Immune system, infection, disease

Enfeksiyondan korunma ve immün sistem

Öz

İmmün sistem, bir canlıdaki hastalıklara karşı koruma yapan, patojenleri ve tümör hücrelerini tanıyıp onları yok eden işleyişlerin toplamıdır. İnsan vücudu, bakterilere, virüslere ve diğer yabancı maddelere karşı pek çok farklı mekanizma ile koruma sağlar. Bu koruma fiziksel bariyerleri, kan ve dokulardaki fagositik hücreleri ve kan kaynaklı çeşitli molekülleri içerir. Bu mekanizmalar birbiri ile bağlantılı iki savunma sistemine ayrılabilir: Non-spesifik veya kalıtsal immün sistem ve spesifik ya da edinsel immün sistem. Savunma sisteminin ilk aşaması olan non-spesifik immün sistem, organizmaya ait olan ile yabancı olanı ayırt eder ancak bir patojen tipini diğerinden ayırt etmez. Spesifik immün sistem ise, organizmaya ait olan ile olmayanı ayırt eder ve farklı patojenlere ve yabancı moleküllere spesifik biçimde yanıt verir. Bu yazının temel amacı immün sistemine ait hücreler, moleküller ve dokuları genel olarak ele almak ve vücudu yabancı maddelere karşı korumak için kullanılan normal mekanizmaları tanımlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İmmün sistem, enfeksiyon, hastalık

Kaynakça

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• Makalenin atıf künyesi: Songu M, Katılmış H. Enfeksiyondan korunma ve immün sistem. J Med Updates 2012;2(1):31-42.