Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Girişimcilik Eğiliminin Öz-yeterlik ve Kişilik Özellikleriyle İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri ile kişilikleri ve öz yeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek. Araştırmaya üniversitenin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenim gören toplam 250 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak girişimcilik, proaktif kişilik ve genel öz yeterlilik ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programı kullanıldı. Analiz sonucunda katılımcıların ölçeklerden aldıkları puanların ortalama puanların üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu puanlar cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldığında proaktif kişilik puanları dışında diğer ölçek puanlarının da erkekler lehine anlamlı farklılık yarattığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların okudukları bölümlere göre yapılan karşılaştırmada istatistiksel olarak bir fark bulunamadı. Ölçek puanları arasındaki ilişkilerin analizi sonucunda tüm ölçek puanlarının birbiriyle pozitif yönde ilişkilere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak öğrencilere girişimcilik özelliklerini artıracak ve genel öz yeterlilik düzeylerine olumlu etki yapacak seminer, kurs vb. etkinliklerin sunulmasının bu özelliklerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• öğrenci
• girişimcilik
• proaktif kişilik
• öz-yeterlik

Investıgatıon Of The Relatıonship Of Entrepreneurship Tendency With Self-Efficacy And Personality Characteristics Among Universıty Students

Öz

The purpose of this study; To examine the relationship between university students' entrepreneurial tendencies and their personalities and self-efficacy. A total of 250 students studying in different departments of the university participated in the study voluntarily. Entrepreneurship, proactive personality and general self-efficacy scales were used as data collection tools. SPSS program was used to analyze the data. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the scores the participants received from the scales were above the average scores. By comparing these scores in terms of gender, it was determined that, except for the proactive personality scores, other scale scores created significant differences in favor of men. In the comparison made according to the departments the participants studied, no statistical difference was found. As a result of the analysis of the relationships between the scale scores, it was determined that all scale scores had positive relationships with each other. Based on the study findings, it can be said that offering seminars, courses, etc. to students, which will increase their entrepreneurial characteristics and have a positive impact on their general self-efficacy levels, will contribute to the development of these characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• student
• entrepreneurship
• proactive personality
• self-efficacy

Kaynakça

1. Ahmed, M. A., Khattak, M. S. & Anwar, M. (2022). Personality traits and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of risk aversion. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), e2275. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2275
2. Akın, A., Abacı, R., Kaya, M. and Arıcı, N. (2011). Validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the Shortened Proactive Personality Scale (KPÖ). In ICES11 International Conference on Educational Sciences, June (pp. 22-25)
3. Aykan, E., Karakuş, G. and Karakoç, H. (2019). The effect of university students’ innovation and lifelong learning trends on entrepreneurship orientation. Sustainability, 11(22), 6201. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226201
4. Aypay, A. (2010). The adaptation study of the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale to Turkish. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE), 11(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.516350
5. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
6. Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship: A look at five meta-analyses. Personality and individual differences, 51(3), 222-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007
7. Chen, Y. and He, Y. (2011). The impact of strong ties on entrepreneurial intention: An empirical study based on the mediating role of self‐efficacy. Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 147-158. DOI 10.1108/17561391111144573
8. Delle, E. and Amadu, I. M. (2016). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention: Employment status and student level as moderators. Journal of Advance Management and Accounting Research, 3(7), 69-81.

9. Drnovšek, M., Wincent, J. and Cardon, M. S. (2010). Entrepreneurial self‐efficacy and business start‐up: developing a multi‐dimensional definition. International journal of entrepreneurial behavior & research, 16(4), 329-348. DOI 10.1108/13552551011054516
10. Girginer, N. and N. Uçkun (2004), “Perspectives on Entrepreneurship of Undergraduate Business Administration Students: An Application for Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department of Business Administration Students”, III. National Knowledge, Economy and Management Congress, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 25-26, 783-795.
11. Gultom, D. K., Arif, M., Yusnandar, W. and Radiman, R. (2023). Student Entrepreneurial Intention Based on Proactive Personality, Self-Efficacy, and Anticipatory Entrepreneurial Cognitions. International Journal of Business Economics (IJBE), 4(2), 65-78. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.30596/ijbe.v4i2.13755
12. Hasanah, K., Kusmaningtyas, A. and Riyadi, S. (2022). The effect of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience toward learning orientation, performance orientation and job performance. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 16(3), 905-923. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1425
13. Javan, R. S. (2014). The relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions. Social and Management Research Journal (SMRJ), 11(2), 46-58. DOI: https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/12442
14. Kóczán, G., Gárdosné, D. N. G. and Berács, J. (2018). The role of self-efficacy in the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention: a Hungarian study. Journal of Competitiveness, 10(1), 61--73.
15. Lestari, E. D., Rizkalla, N., and Purnamaningsih, P. (2022). The effect of perceived university support, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and proactive personality in promoting student entrepreneurial intention in Indonesia. Journal of Management and Business Education, 5(2), 169-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2022.0011
16. Li, C., Murad, M., Shahzad, F., Khan, M. A. S., Ashraf, S. F., and Dogbe, C. S. K. (2020). Entrepreneurial passion to entrepreneurial behavior: role of entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and proactive personality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 516989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01611
17. Liao, Y. C., and Zhao, H. (2020). The moderating effect of entrepreneurship orientation on new product innovation performance. International Journal of Business, 25(2), 195-213.
18. Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., and Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: A role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195–218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/S11365-010-0154-Z/METRICS
19. Luo, Y. F., Huang, J., and Gao, S. (2022). Relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions in college students: Mediation effects of social capital and human capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 861447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861447
20. Maresch, D., Harms, R., Kailer, N., and Wimmer-Wurm, B. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intention of students in science and engineering versus business studies university programs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 104, 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2015.11.006
21. Marshall, D. R., Meek, W. R., Swab, R. G., and Markin, E. (2020). Access to resources and entrepreneurial well-being: A self-efficacy approach. Journal of Business Research, 120, 203-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.015
22. McGee, J. E. and Peterson, M. (2019). The long‐term impact of entrepreneurial self‐efficacy and entrepreneurial orientation on venture performance. Journal of small business management, 57(3), 720-737. DOI: 720-737. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12324
23. Mei, H., Lee, C. H. and Xiang, Y. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and students’ entrepreneurial intention in higher education. Education Sciences, 10(9), 257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090257
24. Naktiyok, A., Nur Karabey, C. and Caglar Gulluce, A. (2010). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: the Turkish case. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 6, 419-435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0123-6
25. Nasip, S., Amirul, S. R., Sondoh Jr, S. L., and Tanakinjal, G. H. (2017). Psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial intention: A study among university students in North Borneo, Malaysia. Education+ Training, 59(7/8), 825-840. DOI: 10.1108/ET-10-2015-0092
26. Naz, S., Li, C., Zaman, U. and Rafiq, M. (2020). Linking proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions: A serial mediation model involving broader and specific self-efficacy. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040166
27. Neneh, B. N. (2022). Entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention: the role of social support and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 47(3), 587-603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1770716
28. Ören, K. ve Biçkes, M. (2011). Kişilik Özelliklerinin Girişimcilik Potansiyeli Üzerindeki Etkileri (Nevşehir’deki Yüksek Öğrenim Öğrencileri Üzerinde Yapılan Bir Araştırma). (Vol. 3, Issue 16). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
29. Pihie, L., and Akmaliah, Z. (2009). Entrepreneurship as a Career Choice An Analysis of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Intention of University Students. . European Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 338–349.
30. https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=3106924 Pihie, Z. A. L. and Bagheri, A. (2013). Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: The mediation effect of self-regulation. Vocations and Learning, 6, 385-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-013-9101-9
31. Prabhu, V. P., McGuire, S. J., Drost, E. A., and Kwong, K. K. (2012). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intent: is entrepreneurial self‐efficacy a mediator or moderator? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 18(5), 559-586. DOI: 10.1108/13552551211253937
32. Rauch, A. and Frese, M. (2017). Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: a meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation, and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(6), 829--841. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701595438
33. Rosique-Blasco, M., Madrid-Guijarro, A. and García-Pérez-de-Lema, D. (2018). The effects of personal abilities and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(4), 1025-1052. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0469-0
34. Saptadjaya, K. and Gunawan, L. (2020). The Effect of Self-Efficacy and Big Five Personality Traits Towards Entrepreneurial Intention on International Business Management. Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 25-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37715/jee.v9i2.1449
35. Setia, S. (2018). Personality profile of successful entrepreneurs. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 21(1), 13-23. DOI: 10.14414/jebav.1004
36. Shane, S., Nicolaou, N., Cherkas, L., Spector, T. D. and Genetics of Entrepreneurship, T. (2018). Genetics, the big five, and the tendency to be an entrepreneur. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(6), 762--785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020294
37. Tekin, B. and Asar, M. (2021). Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Risk-Taking Tendencies in the Relationship Between Financial Literacy and Entrepreneurial Intention. Social Entrepreneurship Review, 1, 7-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/SER.2021.1.01
38. Travis, J. and Freeman, E. (2017). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions: incremental validity of proactive personality and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a moderator. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 20(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/SER.2021.1.01
39. Wang, H., Zhang, Y. and Huang, D. (2018). Proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 12(1), 87-107.
40. Wang, J. H., Chang, C. C., Yao, S. N. and Liang, C. (2016). The contribution of self-efficacy to the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. Higher Education, 72, 209-224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9946-y
41. Wu, L., Jiang, S., Wang, X., Yu, L., Wang, Y. and Pan, H. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of college students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderating role of entrepreneurial competition experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 727826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727826
42. Xin, Z. (2023). The relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial persistence, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and work vitality. International Journal of Science and Business, 27(1), 108-128.
43. Yuksel, A. (2010). Destination Attachment: Effect on Customer Satisfaction and Cognitive, Affective and Conative Loyalty. Journal of Tourism Management, 31, 274–284. . DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.007
44. Zieba, M., Surawska, M. and Zalewska, A. M. (2018). Relationships between personality traits, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and entrepreneurial activity. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 49(2), 131-140. DOI - 10.24425/119480
45. Zisser, M. R., Johnson, S. L., Freeman, M. A. & Staudenmaier, P. J. (2019). The relationship between entrepreneurial intent, gender and personality. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 34(8), 665-684. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-08-2018-0105