Araştırma Makalesi
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Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 41 - 53, 29.03.2019

Öz

Günlük hayatta sıkça kullanılan cep telefonu, bilgisayar, tablet, televizyon, mikrodalga fırın, saç kurutma makinesi gibi elektrikli ve kablosuz birçok cihaz elektromanyetik alan (EMA) oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle insanlar intrauterin dönemden başlayarak, küçük çocukluk çağından itibaren giderek artan miktarda EMA’ya maruz kalmaktadır. Teknolojinin insan hayatına sağladığı kolaylıklar elbette göz ardı edilemez. Ancak EMA’nın vücuttaki organ sistemlerini olumsuz etkileyerek lösemi, infertilite, kardiyovasküler ve nöroendokrin hastalıklar gibi birçok rahatsızlıkla ilişkili olabileceğini bildiren çeşitli bilimsel araştırmalar mevcuttur. Yapılan çalışmalarda EMA’nın oksidatif stresi ve DNA hasarını tetikleyerek hücresel yapı ve fonksiyonlarda bozulmaya yol açtığı gösterilmiştir. Uluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Kuruluşu (The International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) düşük doz EMA’yı insanlar için olası kanserojen olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, EMA maruziyeti konusunda toplum bilincine katkı sağlamak ve bilim insanlarında yeni araştırma fikirleri uyandırmak amacıyla EMA’nın tanımı ve sınıflandırması, olası biyolojik etkileri ve hücresel etki mekanizmaları literatür bilgisi ışığında araştırılarak derlendi

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR 1. Electromagnetic field [Internet]. Avaible from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field 2. Reflex, A project funded by the European Union. Project: Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields (Emf) Exposure Using Sensitive in Vitro Methods. 2004. http://www.iaff.org/hs/pdf/reflex%20final%20report.pdf 3. Swerdlow AJ, et al. Mobile phones, brain tumors, and the interphone study: where are we now? Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 1534-1538. 4. Pourlis AF. Reproductive and developmental effects of EMF in vertebrate animal models. Pathophysiology 2009; 16: 179-189. 5. World Health Organization (WHO). Electromagnetic field [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2002 July 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/peh-emf/en 6. Zaghloul MS. Histological study on the effects of electromagnetic field on the liver of albino rats. Egyptian Journal of Histology. 2009;32(1):165-172. 7. Lagroye I, Poncy JL. Influence of 50-Hz magnetic fields and ionizing radiation on c-junand c-fos oncoproteins. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19:112–116. 8. Sarika S, Kapoor N. Health implications of electromagnetic fields, mechanisms of action, and research needs. Advances in Biology. 2014;2014:1-24. 9. Açıkgöz Ş. Deneysel Düşük Doz Elektromanyetik Alanın Sıçan Testis ve Semen Dokularına Etkileri ve Kafeik Asit Fenetil Esterin Antioksidan Rolünün Araştırılması. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Uzmanlık Tezi. Mart 2019. 10. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Elektromagnetic spectrum [internet]. Available from: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/spectrum/txt_electromagnetic_spectrum.htm 11. Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Haberleşme Kurumu. Elektromanyetik dalgalar ve sağlık [internet] 2019. http://www.bthk.org/tr/tuketici/elektromanyetik-dalgalar-ve-saglik 12. Ahlbom A, Gren A, Kheifets L, Savitz D, Swerdlow A. Epidemiology of health effects of radio-frequency exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004;112:1741-1754. 13. Şahin E, Güzel D, Açıkgöz Ş, Tufan N. Effects of Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Rat Liver Microarchitecture. Proceedings. 2018;2(25):1585. https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/25/1585 14. World Health Organization (WHO). Electromagnetic field [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2002 July 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/peh-emf/about/WhatisEMF/en/ 15. Sevgi L. Teknoloji, Toplum ve Sağlık: Cep Telefonları ve Elektromanyetik Kirlilik Tartışmaları.[İnternet] http://www.emo.org.tr/ekler/e73a9a0d37efb96_ek.pdf 16. The British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC). EMA usage areas [Internet]. Available from:http://www.bccdc.ca/resource-gallery/Documents/Guidelines%20and%20Forms/Guidelines%20and%20Manuals/EH/EH/Section7Final06062013.pdf 17. Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. 2017; 5(4): 167–176. 18. LeDoux SP, Druzhyna NM, Hollensworth SB, Harrison JF, and Wilson GL. Mitochondrial DNA Repair: A Critical Player in the Response of Cells of the CNS to Genotoxic Insults. Neuroscience. 2007 Apr 14; 145(4): 1249–1259. 19. Kaufman E, Lamster IB. The Diagnostik Applications of Saliva— A Review. Sage Journals. 2002; 13(2): 197-212. 20. Wang H, Zhang X. Magnetic Fields and Reactive Oxygen Species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(10): 2175. 21. Ferroni L, Bellin G, Emer V, Rizzuto R, Isola M, Gardin C, et al. Treatment by Therapeutic Magnetic Resonance (TMR) increases fibroblastic activity and keratinocyte differentiation in an InVitro model of 3D artificial skin. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2017 May; 11(5): 1332–1342. 22. Anthony M, Tasteyre A, Dé Séze R, Fogel P, Simoneau G, Conti M, et al. Multivariate Entropy Analysis of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Mobile Phone Exposure of Human Volunteers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 2015;29: 449-465. 23. Vignera SL, Condorelli RA, Vicari E, D’agata R, Caloger AE. Effects of the Exposure to Mobile Phones on Male Reproduction: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Andrology. 2012 May-Jun;33(3):350-356. 24. Avendaño C., Mata A, Sarmiento CAS, Doncel GF. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility. 2012;97(1):39-45. 25. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R. Effects of radio frequency electro magnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Oct;92(4):1318-1325. 26. Havas M. Biological effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic Environments and Health in Buildings.2000;8:173-253. 27. Lyle DB,. Fuchs TA, Casamento JP,. Davis CC , Swicor ML. Intracellular Calcium Signaling by Jurkat T-Lymphocytes Exposed to a 60 Hz Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics. 1997;18(6):439-445. 28. Sallam SM, Awad AM. Effect of Static Magnetic Field on The Electrical Properties and Enzymes Function of Rat Liver. Romanian Journal of Biophysics. 2008;18(4):337-347. 29. Tsuji H, Larson MG, Venditti Jr FJ. Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events. The Framingham Heart Study Circulation. 1996;94(11):2850-2855. 30. Steller JG, Alberts JR, Ronca AE. Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproductionand Development in the Space Environment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018;19(12):3729. 31. Abu Khadra KM, Khalil AM, Abu Samak M, Aljaber A. Evaluation of selected biochemical parameters in the saliva of young males using mobile phones. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 2015;34(1):72-76. 32. Arbabi-Kalati F, Salimi S, Vaziry-Rabiee A, Noraeei M. Effect of mobile phone usage time on total antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary immunoglobulin. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2014;43(4):480-484. 33. Siqueira EC, de Souza FT, Ferreira E, Souza RP, Macedo SC, Friedman E, et al. Cell phone use is associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine. 2016;45(9):682–686. 34. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. ICNIRP Guideline for Limiting Exposure to Time‐Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (Up to 300 GHZ). Puplished in: Health Physics. 1998;74(4):494-522. 35. Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S, Rao SB. Effect of Cell Phone Radiations on Orofacial Structures: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017 May;11(5):ZE01-ZE05 36. Daroit NB, Visioli F, Magnusson AS, Vieira GR, Rados PV. Cell phone radiation effects on cytogenetic abnormalities of oral mucosal cells. Brazilian Oral Research.2015;29:1–8. 37. El-Abd SF, Eltoweissy M. Cytogenetic alterations in human lymphocyte culture following exposure to radiofrequency field of mobile phone. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2012;02(02):16-20. 38. Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Kännälä S, Laine M, O Rinne J, Toivonen T, et al. GSM Mobile Phone Radiation Suppresses Brain Glucose Metabolism. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolizm. 2011 Dec;31(12):2293-2301. 39. Masuda H, Hirata A, Kawai H, Wake K, Watanabe S, Arima T, et al. Local exposure of the rat cortex to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields increases local cerebral blood flow along with temperature. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;110(1):142-148. 40. Ghosn R, Yahia-Cherif L, Hugueville L, Ducorps A, Lemaréchal JD, Thuróczy G, et al. Radiofrequency signal affects alpha band in resting electroencephalogram. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2015 Apr 1;113(7):2753-2759. 41. Ahlbom A, Green A, Kheifets L, Savitz D, Swerdlow A. ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Standing Committee on Epidemiology. Epidemiology of health effects of radiofrequency exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004; 112(17): 1741-1754. 42. Ahlbom A, Cardis E, Green A, Linet M, Savitz D, Swerdlow A, ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Standing Committee on Epidemiology. Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001;109(6): 911-933. 43. Nazıroğlu M, Tokat S, Demirci S. Role of melatonin on electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress and Ca2+ signaling molecular pathways in breast cancer. Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research.2012 Dec;32(6):290-297. 44. Eltiti S, Wallace D, Ridgewell A, Zougkou K, Russo R, Sepulveda F, et al. Does Short-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Base Station Signals Increase Symptoms in Individuals Who Report Sensitivity to Electromagnetic Fields? A Double-Blind Randomized Provocation Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2007 Nov;115(11):1603-1608.

Are The Devıces That Creates Electromagnetıc Area As Innocent As We Thought?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 41 - 53, 29.03.2019

Öz

Many electrical and wireless devices such as mobile phones, computers, tablets, televisions, microwaves, hair dryers are used in daily life. These tools emit electric magnetic field. Therefore, people are exposed to an increasing amount of EMA from intrauterine period and small childhood. The benefits of technology to human life cannot be ignored. However, there are a number of scientific studies reporting that EMA may be associated with many disorders such as leukemia, infertility, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine diseases by adversely affecting the organ systems in the body. Studies have shown that EMA triggers oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to disruption of cellular structure and function. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defines lowdose EMA as a possible carcinogen for humans. In this study, the definition and classification of EMA, possible biological effects and mechanisms of cellular action were investigated in the light of the literature.

Kaynakça

  • KAYNAKLAR 1. Electromagnetic field [Internet]. Avaible from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field 2. Reflex, A project funded by the European Union. Project: Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields (Emf) Exposure Using Sensitive in Vitro Methods. 2004. http://www.iaff.org/hs/pdf/reflex%20final%20report.pdf 3. Swerdlow AJ, et al. Mobile phones, brain tumors, and the interphone study: where are we now? Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 1534-1538. 4. Pourlis AF. Reproductive and developmental effects of EMF in vertebrate animal models. Pathophysiology 2009; 16: 179-189. 5. World Health Organization (WHO). Electromagnetic field [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2002 July 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/peh-emf/en 6. Zaghloul MS. Histological study on the effects of electromagnetic field on the liver of albino rats. Egyptian Journal of Histology. 2009;32(1):165-172. 7. Lagroye I, Poncy JL. Influence of 50-Hz magnetic fields and ionizing radiation on c-junand c-fos oncoproteins. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998;19:112–116. 8. Sarika S, Kapoor N. Health implications of electromagnetic fields, mechanisms of action, and research needs. Advances in Biology. 2014;2014:1-24. 9. Açıkgöz Ş. Deneysel Düşük Doz Elektromanyetik Alanın Sıçan Testis ve Semen Dokularına Etkileri ve Kafeik Asit Fenetil Esterin Antioksidan Rolünün Araştırılması. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Uzmanlık Tezi. Mart 2019. 10. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Elektromagnetic spectrum [internet]. Available from: https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/spectrum/txt_electromagnetic_spectrum.htm 11. Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Haberleşme Kurumu. Elektromanyetik dalgalar ve sağlık [internet] 2019. http://www.bthk.org/tr/tuketici/elektromanyetik-dalgalar-ve-saglik 12. Ahlbom A, Gren A, Kheifets L, Savitz D, Swerdlow A. Epidemiology of health effects of radio-frequency exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004;112:1741-1754. 13. Şahin E, Güzel D, Açıkgöz Ş, Tufan N. Effects of Acute and Chronic Exposure to 900 MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Rat Liver Microarchitecture. Proceedings. 2018;2(25):1585. https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/25/1585 14. World Health Organization (WHO). Electromagnetic field [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2002 July 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/peh-emf/about/WhatisEMF/en/ 15. Sevgi L. Teknoloji, Toplum ve Sağlık: Cep Telefonları ve Elektromanyetik Kirlilik Tartışmaları.[İnternet] http://www.emo.org.tr/ekler/e73a9a0d37efb96_ek.pdf 16. The British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC). EMA usage areas [Internet]. Available from:http://www.bccdc.ca/resource-gallery/Documents/Guidelines%20and%20Forms/Guidelines%20and%20Manuals/EH/EH/Section7Final06062013.pdf 17. Kıvrak EG, Yurt KK, Kaplan AA, Alkan I, Altun G. Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure. 2017; 5(4): 167–176. 18. LeDoux SP, Druzhyna NM, Hollensworth SB, Harrison JF, and Wilson GL. Mitochondrial DNA Repair: A Critical Player in the Response of Cells of the CNS to Genotoxic Insults. Neuroscience. 2007 Apr 14; 145(4): 1249–1259. 19. Kaufman E, Lamster IB. The Diagnostik Applications of Saliva— A Review. Sage Journals. 2002; 13(2): 197-212. 20. Wang H, Zhang X. Magnetic Fields and Reactive Oxygen Species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(10): 2175. 21. Ferroni L, Bellin G, Emer V, Rizzuto R, Isola M, Gardin C, et al. Treatment by Therapeutic Magnetic Resonance (TMR) increases fibroblastic activity and keratinocyte differentiation in an InVitro model of 3D artificial skin. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 2017 May; 11(5): 1332–1342. 22. Anthony M, Tasteyre A, Dé Séze R, Fogel P, Simoneau G, Conti M, et al. Multivariate Entropy Analysis of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Mobile Phone Exposure of Human Volunteers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 2015;29: 449-465. 23. Vignera SL, Condorelli RA, Vicari E, D’agata R, Caloger AE. Effects of the Exposure to Mobile Phones on Male Reproduction: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Andrology. 2012 May-Jun;33(3):350-356. 24. Avendaño C., Mata A, Sarmiento CAS, Doncel GF. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility. 2012;97(1):39-45. 25. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R. Effects of radio frequency electro magnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertility and Sterility. 2009 Oct;92(4):1318-1325. 26. Havas M. Biological effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic Environments and Health in Buildings.2000;8:173-253. 27. Lyle DB,. Fuchs TA, Casamento JP,. Davis CC , Swicor ML. Intracellular Calcium Signaling by Jurkat T-Lymphocytes Exposed to a 60 Hz Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics. 1997;18(6):439-445. 28. Sallam SM, Awad AM. Effect of Static Magnetic Field on The Electrical Properties and Enzymes Function of Rat Liver. Romanian Journal of Biophysics. 2008;18(4):337-347. 29. Tsuji H, Larson MG, Venditti Jr FJ. Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events. The Framingham Heart Study Circulation. 1996;94(11):2850-2855. 30. Steller JG, Alberts JR, Ronca AE. Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproductionand Development in the Space Environment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018;19(12):3729. 31. Abu Khadra KM, Khalil AM, Abu Samak M, Aljaber A. Evaluation of selected biochemical parameters in the saliva of young males using mobile phones. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 2015;34(1):72-76. 32. Arbabi-Kalati F, Salimi S, Vaziry-Rabiee A, Noraeei M. Effect of mobile phone usage time on total antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary immunoglobulin. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2014;43(4):480-484. 33. Siqueira EC, de Souza FT, Ferreira E, Souza RP, Macedo SC, Friedman E, et al. Cell phone use is associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva. Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine. 2016;45(9):682–686. 34. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. ICNIRP Guideline for Limiting Exposure to Time‐Varying Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (Up to 300 GHZ). Puplished in: Health Physics. 1998;74(4):494-522. 35. Mishra SK, Chowdhary R, Kumari S, Rao SB. Effect of Cell Phone Radiations on Orofacial Structures: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017 May;11(5):ZE01-ZE05 36. Daroit NB, Visioli F, Magnusson AS, Vieira GR, Rados PV. Cell phone radiation effects on cytogenetic abnormalities of oral mucosal cells. Brazilian Oral Research.2015;29:1–8. 37. El-Abd SF, Eltoweissy M. Cytogenetic alterations in human lymphocyte culture following exposure to radiofrequency field of mobile phone. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2012;02(02):16-20. 38. Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Kännälä S, Laine M, O Rinne J, Toivonen T, et al. GSM Mobile Phone Radiation Suppresses Brain Glucose Metabolism. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolizm. 2011 Dec;31(12):2293-2301. 39. Masuda H, Hirata A, Kawai H, Wake K, Watanabe S, Arima T, et al. Local exposure of the rat cortex to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields increases local cerebral blood flow along with temperature. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;110(1):142-148. 40. Ghosn R, Yahia-Cherif L, Hugueville L, Ducorps A, Lemaréchal JD, Thuróczy G, et al. Radiofrequency signal affects alpha band in resting electroencephalogram. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2015 Apr 1;113(7):2753-2759. 41. Ahlbom A, Green A, Kheifets L, Savitz D, Swerdlow A. ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Standing Committee on Epidemiology. Epidemiology of health effects of radiofrequency exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004; 112(17): 1741-1754. 42. Ahlbom A, Cardis E, Green A, Linet M, Savitz D, Swerdlow A, ICNIRP (International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Standing Committee on Epidemiology. Review of the epidemiologic literature on EMF and Health. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2001;109(6): 911-933. 43. Nazıroğlu M, Tokat S, Demirci S. Role of melatonin on electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress and Ca2+ signaling molecular pathways in breast cancer. Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research.2012 Dec;32(6):290-297. 44. Eltiti S, Wallace D, Ridgewell A, Zougkou K, Russo R, Sepulveda F, et al. Does Short-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Base Station Signals Increase Symptoms in Individuals Who Report Sensitivity to Electromagnetic Fields? A Double-Blind Randomized Provocation Study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2007 Nov;115(11):1603-1608.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Miyase Erdoğan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mart 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, M. (2019). Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?. Journal of Human Rhythm, 5(1), 41-53.
AMA Erdoğan M. Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?. Journal of Human Rhythm. Mart 2019;5(1):41-53.
Chicago Erdoğan, Miyase. “Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?”. Journal of Human Rhythm 5, sy. 1 (Mart 2019): 41-53.
EndNote Erdoğan M (01 Mart 2019) Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?. Journal of Human Rhythm 5 1 41–53.
IEEE M. Erdoğan, “Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?”, Journal of Human Rhythm, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 41–53, 2019.
ISNAD Erdoğan, Miyase. “Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?”. Journal of Human Rhythm 5/1 (Mart 2019), 41-53.
JAMA Erdoğan M. Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?. Journal of Human Rhythm. 2019;5:41–53.
MLA Erdoğan, Miyase. “Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?”. Journal of Human Rhythm, c. 5, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 41-53.
Vancouver Erdoğan M. Elektromanyetik Alan Oluşturan Cihazlar Sanıldığı Kadar Masum Mu?. Journal of Human Rhythm. 2019;5(1):41-53.