A Review of Medicinal Properties of Ginkgo biloba L.

Öz

The history of the Ginkgo biloba L. species dates back to very ancient times. It can live for approximately a thousand years and is quite resistant to adverse conditions. Its leaves contain important components that make it useful for medicinal purposes. In addition, its seeds have also been used as a therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine. G. biloba extracts are usually used in standardized dosage forms in medicinal preparations. Today, a standardized extract of G. biloba called Tebonin Egb761 is the preferred form. Studies have shown that G. biloba leaf extract is effective in treating symptomatic relief of mild to moderate cerebral insufficiency in humans. It provides effective treatment in both Alzheimer's and vascular dementia patients. The herbal extract can also have positive effects on the quality of life in healthy individuals. G. biloba is effective against inner ear disorders and provides protection against endothelial damage. Besides, scientific studies have demonstrated that it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and many other effects. G. biloba is considered an important nutraceutical due to its scientifically proven effects. There is a growing interest in the scientific community regarding this plant. In this study, a review was made by compiling the data obtained from the literature on the "botanical characteristics", "history", "bioactive components", and "biological activities" of the G. biloba species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ginkgo biloba L.
• ethnobotany
• biological activity.

Ginkgo biloba L.'nin Tıbbi Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Ginkgo biloba L. türünün geçmişi çok eskilere dayanmaktadır. Yaklaşık bin yıl yaşayabilmekte olup, olumsuz koşullara karşı oldukça dayanıklıdır. Yaprakları bitkiyi tıbbi açıdan faydalı kılan önemli bileşenler taşımaktadır. Ayrıca tohumları geleneksel Çin tıbbında terapötik bir ajan olarak da kullanılmıştır. G. biloba ekstraktları genellikle tıbbi müstahzarlarda standartlaştırılmış dozaj formlarında kullanılır. Günümüzde, G. biloba’nın standartlaştırılmış bir özü olan Tebonin Egb761 tercih edilmektedir. Çalışmalar, G. biloba yaprağı ekstraktının insanlarda hafif ila orta dereceli serebral yetmezliğin semptomatik tedavisinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Alzheimer ve vasküler demans hastalarında da etkin tedavi sağlamaktadır. Bitki ekstresi ayrıca sağlıklı bireylerde yaşam kalitesi üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahip olabilir. G. biloba, iç kulak rahatsızlıklarına karşı etkilidir ve endotel hasarına karşı koruma sağlar. Ayrıca bilimsel çalışmalar antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antiviral, antibakteriyel, antidiyabetik, antikanser, nöroprotektif, kalp koruyucu ve daha birçok etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. G. biloba, bilimsel olarak kanıtlanmış etkileri nedeniyle önemli bir nutrasötik olarak kabul edilir. Bilim camiasında bitkiye artan bir ilgi vardır. Bu çalışmada G. biloba türünün "botanik özellikleri", "tarihçesi", "biyoaktif bileşenleri" ve "biyolojik aktiviteleri" ile ilgili literatürden elde edilen veriler derlenerek bir inceleme yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ginkgo biloba L.
• etnobotanik
• biyolojik aktivite

Kaynakça

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