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CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: A BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 24 - 33, 31.08.2024

Öz

Oral cancer remains a persistent biomedical challenge, with survival rates showing limited improvement over the years despite advancements in research and symptom-relieving therapies. Early detection is critical, but the diverse and often painless or symptomatically ambiguous nature of oral cancer necessitates comprehensive screening and histological assessments. This study reviews publications from MEDLINE and Cohrane Databases (2002-2023), focusing on clinical manifestations and imaging modalities associated with oral cancer. Selection criteria include English-language publications, ensuring a contemporary understanding of oral cancer's clinical and imaging aspects. Although squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the majority of oral cancers, various malignancies such as salivary, soft and hard tissue sarcomas, and metastatic cancer can also manifest in the oral cavity. Additionally, while OSCC was associated with older individuals and a higher incidence in men, current literature suggest a more balanced distribution between genders and a decreasing age of onset. OSCC and oral potentially malignant lesions (OPML) are linked to tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid use. Late-stage diagnoses contribute to lower survival rates, emphasizing the need for early detection through clinical oral examinations, which can detect up to 99% of oral cancers. Clinically, histopathologically, or both, various lesions contribute to the complex landscape of oral cancers. Oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) precede OSCC, encompassing conditions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, submucosal fibrosis, and lichen planus. While the majority of OPMLs do not progress to cancer, early identification through thorough clinical examination is pivotal. This brief literatüre review contributes to the understanding of oral cancer's multifaceted nature, emphasizing the importance of early detection in improving survival rates.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Shield, K. D., Ferlay, J., Jemal, A., Sankaranarayanan, R., Chaturvedi, A. K., Bray, F., & Soerjomataram, I. (2017). The global incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by subsite in 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 67(1), 51-64.
  • 2. Mauceri, R., Bazzano, M., Coppini, M., Tozzo, P., Panzarella, V., & Campisi, G. (2022). Diagnostic delay of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the fear of diagnosis: A scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1009080.
  • 3. Warnakulasuriya, S. (2009). Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncology, 45(4-5), 309-316.
  • 4. Wimardhani, Y. S., Warnakulasuriya, S., Subita, G. P., Soegyanto, A. I., Pradono, S. A., & Patoni, N. (2019). Public awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 10(1), e12379
  • 5. Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209-249.
  • 6. Janbaz, K. H., Qadir, M. I., Basser, H. T., Bokhari, T. H., & Ahmad, B. (2014). Risk for oral cancer from smokeless tobacco. Contemporary Oncology/Współczesna Onkologia, 18(3), 160-164.
  • 7. Tricia Osuna, R. D. H., & Hopkins, S. (2010). Oral cancer diagnostic technologies. CDHA Journal, 24(1), 12-18.
  • 8. Aragón-Niño, Í., Cuesta-Urquía, C., González-Martín-Moro, J., Morán-Soto, M. J., Pozo-Kreilinger, J. J., Pampín-Martinez, M. M., ... & Cebrián-Carretero, J. L. (2023). HPV infection in oral cancer, our experience: Prevalence, clinical implications, and current vaccination program in Spain. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 15(7), e584.
  • 9. Katirachi, S. K., Grønlund, M. P., Jakobsen, K. K., Grønhøj, C., & von Buchwald, C. (2023). The prevalence of HPV in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Viruses, 15(2), 451.
  • 10. Rivera, C. (2015). Essentials of oral cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 8(9), 11884.
  • 11. Van der Waal, I., de Bree, R., Brakenhoff, R., & Coebegh, J. W. (2011). Early diagnosis in primary oral cancer: is it possible? Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, 16(3), e300-e305.
  • 12. Neville, B.W. and Day, T.A. (2002), Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 52: 195-215.
  • 13. Gupta, B., Kumar, N., & Johnson, N. W. (2019). Evidence of past dental visits and incidence of head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 1-18.
  • 14. Walsh, T., Liu, J. L., Brocklehurst, P., Glenny, A. M., Lingen, M., Kerr, A. R., ... & Scully, C. (2013). Clinical assessment to screen for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(11): CD010173.
  • 15. Wong, T., & Wiesenfeld, D. (2018). Oral Cancer. Australian Dental Journal, 63 Suppl 1, S91–S99.
  • 16. Abati, S., Bramati, C., Bondi, S., Lissoni, A., & Trimarchi, M. (2020). Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9160.
  • 17. Scully, C., Bagan, J. V., Hopper, C., & Epstein, J. B. (2008). Oral cancer: current and future diagnostic techniques. Am J Dent, 21(4), 199-209.
  • 18. Fedele, S. (2009). Diagnostic aids in the screening of oral cancer. Head & Neck Oncology, 1(1), 1-6.
  • 19. Gambino, A., Martina, E., Panzarella, V., Ruggiero, T., Haddad, G. E., Broccoletti, R., & Arduino, P. G. (2023). Potential use of optical coherence tomography in oral potentially malignant disorders: in-vivo case series study. BMC Oral Health, 23(1), 540.
  • 20. Obade, A. Y., Pandarathodiyil, A. K., Oo, A. L., Warnakulasuriya, S., & Ramanathan, A. (2021). Application of optical coherence tomography to study the structural features of oral mucosa in biopsy tissues of oral dysplasia and carcinomas. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(9), 5411–5419.
  • 21. Cicciù, M., Cervino, G., Fiorillo, L., D'Amico, C., Oteri, G., Troiano, G., Zhurakivska, K., Lo Muzio, L., Herford, A. S., Crimi, S., Bianchi, A., Di Stasio, D., Rullo, R., Laino, G., & Laino, L. (2019). Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method. Dentistry Journal, 7(3), 93. 22. McNamara, K. K., Martin, B. D., Evans, E. W., & Kalmar, J. R. (2012). The role of direct visual fluorescent examination (VELscope) in routine screening for potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine. Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 114(5), 636–643.

ORAL SKUAMÖZ HÜCRELİ KARSİNOMUN GÜNCEL TANI YÖNTEMLERİ: KISA BİR LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 24 - 33, 31.08.2024

Öz

Ağız kanseri, tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerindeki ilerlemelere rağmen yıllar içinde sınırlı iyileşme gösteren sağkalım oranları ile kalıcı bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Erken teşhis kritik öneme sahiptir, ancak ağız kanserinin çeşitli ve genellikle ağrısız veya asemptomatik olması, kapsamlı tarama ve histolojik değerlendirmeler gerektirir. Bu derleme, ağız kanseriyle ilişkili klinik belirtilere ve görüntüleme yöntemlerine odaklanarak MEDLINE ve Cohrane veri tabanlarından (2002-2023) ilgili yayınları gözden geçirmektedir. Seçim kriterleri, ağız kanserinin klinik ve görüntüleme yönlerinin anlaşılmasını sağlayan İngilizce yayınları içermektedir. Ağız kanserlerinin çoğunluğunu skuamöz hücreli karsinom (OSHK) oluştursa da, tükürük, yumuşak ve sert doku sarkomları ve metastatik kanser gibi çeşitli maligniteler de oral kavitede ortaya çıkabilir. Ayrıca, OSCC daha yaşlı bireylerle ve erkeklerde daha yüksek insidansla ilişkilendirilirken, mevcut literatür cinsiyetler arasında daha dengeli bir dağılım ve azalan bir başlangıç yaşı olduğunu göstermektedir. OSHK ve oral potansiyel malign lezyonlar (OPML) tütün, alkol ve betel quid kullanımı ile bağlantılıdır. Geç evre tanılar daha düşük sağkalım oranlarına katkıda bulunur ve ağız kanserlerinin %99'una kadarını tespit edebilen klinik ağız muayeneleri yoluyla erken teşhis ihtiyacını vurgular. Klinik, histopatolojik veya her ikisi birden, çeşitli lezyonlar oral kanserlerin karmaşık görüntüsüne katkıda bulunur. OPML’ler OSHK'lardan önce ortaya çıkar ve lökoplaki, eritroplaki, submukozal fibrozis ve liken planus gibi lezyonları kapsar. OPML'lerin çoğu kansere ilerlemezken, kapsamlı klinik muayene yoluyla erken teşhis çok önemlidir. Bu kısa literatür incelemesi, ağız kanserinin karakterinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmak ve erken teşhisin sağkalım oranlarını iyileştirmedeki önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Shield, K. D., Ferlay, J., Jemal, A., Sankaranarayanan, R., Chaturvedi, A. K., Bray, F., & Soerjomataram, I. (2017). The global incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by subsite in 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 67(1), 51-64.
  • 2. Mauceri, R., Bazzano, M., Coppini, M., Tozzo, P., Panzarella, V., & Campisi, G. (2022). Diagnostic delay of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the fear of diagnosis: A scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1009080.
  • 3. Warnakulasuriya, S. (2009). Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncology, 45(4-5), 309-316.
  • 4. Wimardhani, Y. S., Warnakulasuriya, S., Subita, G. P., Soegyanto, A. I., Pradono, S. A., & Patoni, N. (2019). Public awareness of oral cancer among adults in Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 10(1), e12379
  • 5. Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209-249.
  • 6. Janbaz, K. H., Qadir, M. I., Basser, H. T., Bokhari, T. H., & Ahmad, B. (2014). Risk for oral cancer from smokeless tobacco. Contemporary Oncology/Współczesna Onkologia, 18(3), 160-164.
  • 7. Tricia Osuna, R. D. H., & Hopkins, S. (2010). Oral cancer diagnostic technologies. CDHA Journal, 24(1), 12-18.
  • 8. Aragón-Niño, Í., Cuesta-Urquía, C., González-Martín-Moro, J., Morán-Soto, M. J., Pozo-Kreilinger, J. J., Pampín-Martinez, M. M., ... & Cebrián-Carretero, J. L. (2023). HPV infection in oral cancer, our experience: Prevalence, clinical implications, and current vaccination program in Spain. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 15(7), e584.
  • 9. Katirachi, S. K., Grønlund, M. P., Jakobsen, K. K., Grønhøj, C., & von Buchwald, C. (2023). The prevalence of HPV in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Viruses, 15(2), 451.
  • 10. Rivera, C. (2015). Essentials of oral cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 8(9), 11884.
  • 11. Van der Waal, I., de Bree, R., Brakenhoff, R., & Coebegh, J. W. (2011). Early diagnosis in primary oral cancer: is it possible? Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, 16(3), e300-e305.
  • 12. Neville, B.W. and Day, T.A. (2002), Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 52: 195-215.
  • 13. Gupta, B., Kumar, N., & Johnson, N. W. (2019). Evidence of past dental visits and incidence of head and neck cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 1-18.
  • 14. Walsh, T., Liu, J. L., Brocklehurst, P., Glenny, A. M., Lingen, M., Kerr, A. R., ... & Scully, C. (2013). Clinical assessment to screen for the detection of oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in apparently healthy adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(11): CD010173.
  • 15. Wong, T., & Wiesenfeld, D. (2018). Oral Cancer. Australian Dental Journal, 63 Suppl 1, S91–S99.
  • 16. Abati, S., Bramati, C., Bondi, S., Lissoni, A., & Trimarchi, M. (2020). Oral Cancer and Precancer: A Narrative Review on the Relevance of Early Diagnosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9160.
  • 17. Scully, C., Bagan, J. V., Hopper, C., & Epstein, J. B. (2008). Oral cancer: current and future diagnostic techniques. Am J Dent, 21(4), 199-209.
  • 18. Fedele, S. (2009). Diagnostic aids in the screening of oral cancer. Head & Neck Oncology, 1(1), 1-6.
  • 19. Gambino, A., Martina, E., Panzarella, V., Ruggiero, T., Haddad, G. E., Broccoletti, R., & Arduino, P. G. (2023). Potential use of optical coherence tomography in oral potentially malignant disorders: in-vivo case series study. BMC Oral Health, 23(1), 540.
  • 20. Obade, A. Y., Pandarathodiyil, A. K., Oo, A. L., Warnakulasuriya, S., & Ramanathan, A. (2021). Application of optical coherence tomography to study the structural features of oral mucosa in biopsy tissues of oral dysplasia and carcinomas. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25(9), 5411–5419.
  • 21. Cicciù, M., Cervino, G., Fiorillo, L., D'Amico, C., Oteri, G., Troiano, G., Zhurakivska, K., Lo Muzio, L., Herford, A. S., Crimi, S., Bianchi, A., Di Stasio, D., Rullo, R., Laino, G., & Laino, L. (2019). Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method. Dentistry Journal, 7(3), 93. 22. McNamara, K. K., Martin, B. D., Evans, E. W., & Kalmar, J. R. (2012). The role of direct visual fluorescent examination (VELscope) in routine screening for potentially malignant oral mucosal lesions. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine. Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 114(5), 636–643.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Marieh Rajabzadeh 0009-0001-1222-8710

Natavan Yagubova 0009-0009-4603-0823

Melisa Öçbe 0000-0003-1609-610X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Rajabzadeh, M., Yagubova, N., & Öçbe, M. (2024). CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: A BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW. Journal of Kocaeli Health and Technology University, 2(2), 24-33.


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