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Examining Teachers’ Awareness of the Digital Content to be Integrated in the School Curriculum; the Case of Homa Bay County, Kenya

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 4, 1 - 9, 23.12.2025

Öz

With current changes in the curriculum of Kenya from 8-4-4 to Competency Based Curriculum (CBC), it emerged that digital literacy was a core competency for both teachers and learners. The purpose of this study was to establish the awareness levels of public primary school teachers in using and integrating technology in teaching and learning. The study was conducted in selected public primary schools in Homa Bay County where teachers were sampled from the six sub counties of Homa Bay. It was based on one study objective: To establish teachers’ knowledge of video, audio, images, texts and graphics. Data was randomly collected using questionnaires and interviews. Some 362 teachers from a population of 3620 public primary school teachers in Homa Bay County were sampled. Results showed that majority of the sampled teachers (22.9%) were aware of the general digital content such as video, audio, images and texts. On awareness of specific digital components, the results showed that 57(16.1%) respondents regarded video as the only component of the digital content. Another 10 (2.8%) respondents cited audio as a component of the digital content. Some 46 (13.0%) respondents identified images as the only component of the digital content. Text as a component of the digital content was selected by 37(10.5%) respondents. The study revealed that 30 (8.5%) respondents mentioned graphics as the sole component of the digital content. It was concluded that teachers needed more hands on experience with technologies to improve their digital competence. Ethical issues such as confidentiality and respect were observed during the study.

Kaynakça

  • Achuthan, K., Kolil, V. K., Muthupalani, S., & Raman, R. (2024). Transactional distance theory in distance learning: Past, current, and future research trends. Contemporary Educational Technology, 16(1), ep493.
  • Adarkwah, M. A. (2021). “I’m not against online teaching, but what about us?”: ICT in Ghana post Covid-19. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 1665-1685.
  • Ahmed, V., & Opoku, A. (2022). Technology supported learning and pedagogy in times of crisis: the case of COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 365-405.
  • Asiago, D., Mugambi, A., & Wanjala, G. (2014). Factors affecting use of radio broadcasting in public primary schools in Tharaka North Division, Tharaka District. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(6). Retrieved from: https://www.ijern.com/journal/June-2014/05.pdf
  • Bayne, S., & Gallagher, M. (2021). Near Future Teaching: Practice, policy and digital education futures. Policy Futures in Education, 19(5), 607-625.
  • Bates, T. (2014). A short history of educational technology. Retrieved from Online and Distance Education Resources website: http://www.tonybates.ca
  • Burns, M. (2011). Distance education for teacher training: Modes, models, and methods. Washington, DC: Education Development Center, Inc.
  • Ciascai, L., & Marchis, I. (2008). Multimedia in primary and secondary school curricula in Romania. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 1(2), 76-85.
  • Courtney, S. A., Miller, M. E., & Gisondo, M. J. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on teachers’ integration of digital technology. Contemporary Educational Technology, 14(4), ep387.
  • Dincher, M., & Wagner, V. (2023). On the Relationship between Technophobia and Technology Acceptance in Schools. Available at SSRN 4599998.
  • Engbrecht, J. R. (2018). Digital textbooks versus print textbooks. Retrieved from: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/ed_etds/35/
  • Graham, M. A., Stols, G. H., & Kapp, R. (2021). Integrating classroom technology: South African mathematics teachers. Computers in the Schools, 38(3), 189-213.
  • Groeneveld, C., Kimenyi, E., & Kaye, T. (2021). SWOT Analysis of the Kenya Education Cloud. Retrieved from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://docs.edtechhub.org/lib/R3E3KVHX/download/CB89UWPN/SWOT%20Analysis%20Report_Updated%20May%202021.pdf
  • Haque, M. Z. (2023). The use of social media platforms in language learning: A critical study. Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science, 17(1), 20-28.
  • Karanja, M. (2018). Role of ICT in Dissemination of Information in Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Literature Based. Technology, 2(2), 28-38.
  • Kenya. DLP Secretariat. (2016). Digital literacy programme management guidelines (2ndVersion). Nairobi: Information Communication and Technology Authority.
  • Kiarie, C., & Jones, N. J. (2024). Towards learning excellence in universities: a critical review of information and communication technology policies in education in Kenya. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South (SOTL) in the South, 8(1), 162-182.
  • Manyasa, E. (2022). Assessing the impact of ICT integration policy on the equitable access to quality education in African contexts: the case of Kenya.
  • Moorhouse, B. L., & Wong, K. M. (2022). Blending asynchronous and synchronous digital technologies and instructional approaches to facilitate remote learning. Journal of Computers in Education, 9(1), 51-70.
  • Njoroge, S. N. (2019). Effects of teaching and learning resources in lower primary school children in the Eastern Zone of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(12), 776-782.
  • Nyaundi, L. (2018, January 24). Laptops to be updated with new content. The Star. Retrieved from: https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/01/24/laptops-to-be-updated-with-new-content_c1702638
  • Oduor, A. (2015, December, 15). Content for pupils digital literacy programme to be launched. Standard Digital. Retrieved from:https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000185379/content-for-pupils-digital-literacy-programme-to-be-launched
  • Omanga, D. (2018, February 24). Is Jubilee’s laptop project headed for a collapse? Standard Digital. Retrieved from:https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001270947/jubilee-s-laptop-pledge-doomed-from-the-start
  • Omito, O. (2018). Teachers’ Attitude towards Uptake and Integration of Laptop Computers in Public Primary Schools: The Case of Digital Literacy Programme (DLP) in Homa Bay County, Kenya. AASCIT Journal of Education, 4(2), 19-26.
  • Omito, O., Kembo, J., Ayere, M., &Ali, A. A. (2019). Teachers’ Computer Capacity in Public Primary Schools in Homa Bay County, Kenya: The Case of the Digital LiteracyProgramme. European Scientific Journal July 2019 edition Vol.15, No.19. ISSN: 1857 –7881 (Print) e-ISSN 1857-7431
  • Piper, B., Oyanga, A., Mejia, J., & Pouezevara, S. (2017). Implementing large-scale instructional technology in Kenya: Changing instructional practice and developing accountability in a national education system. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 13(3).
  • Prieto-Jiménez, E., López-Catalán, L., López-Catalán, B., & Domínguez-Fernández, G. (2021). Sustainable development goals and education: A bibliometric mapping analysis. Sustainability, 13(4), 2126.
  • Ribba, E. (2019). Factors affecting radio broadcasts to schools in Kenya: A case study of public primary schools in Rangwe Division, Homa, Bay County. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 3(11), 1-23.
  • Reddy, V., & Manjulika, S. (2002). Towards virtualization: Open and distance learning. India: Kogan Page Republic of Kenya. (2017). Basic Education Curriculum Framework. Nairobi: Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development.
  • Republic of Kenya. (2015). Digital Literacy Program [press release]. Retrieved from: Information, Communication and Technology Authority of Kenya website : http://www.icta.go.ke/downloads/digital_literacy_program_launch.pdf
  • Ramasamy, K. (2020). Social media literacy skills of post graduate students and m. phil scholars of arts and science colleges affiliated to Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal: a discipline based evaluative study using the indigenous model. Library philosophy and practice, 1-36.
  • Suryawanshi, V., & Suryawanshi, D. (2015). Fundamentals of e-learning models: A review. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), 107-120. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/30ca/6fb0ad3c0fa33c8d2453b7bcec5a46826f56.pdf
  • Udenze, S. (2019). Print media and the challenges of social media. International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications, 2(3), 105-109.
  • UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015).Information and communications technology (ICT) in Education in Africa. Retrieved from UNESCO website: http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/information-and-communication-technology-ict-in-education-in-sub-saharan-africa-2015-en.pdf
  • Vagg, T., Balta, J. Y., Bolger, A., & Lone, M. (2020). Multimedia in education: what do the students think?. Health Professions Education, 6(3), 325-333.
  • Van Lieshout, M., Egyedi, T. M., &Bijker, W. E. (2018). Social learning technologies: The introduction of multimedia in education. New York: Routledge.
  • Wanzala, O. (2015, December 16). Education CS Matiang'i unveils digital content for pupils. Daily Nation. Retrieved from: https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Digital-content-for-pupils-unveiled/1056-2998358-uu5qriz/index.html
  • Wanzala, O., & Nyamai, F. (2018, July 23). Big hurdles thwart Jubilee’s laptops plan. Daily Nation. Retrieved from:https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Big-hurdles-thwart-Jubilee-s-laptops-plan/1056-4676332-9w2jndz/index.html

Examining teachers’ awareness of the digital content to be integrated in the school curriculum; the case of Homa Bay County, Kenya

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 4, 1 - 9, 23.12.2025

Öz

With current changes in the curriculum of Kenya from 8-4-4 to Competency Based Curriculum (CBC), it emerged that digital literacy was a core competency for both teachers and learners. The purpose of this study was to establish the awareness levels of public primary school teachers in using and integrating technology in teaching and learning. The study was conducted in selected public primary schools in Homa Bay County where teachers were sampled from the six sub counties of Homa Bay. It was based on one study objective: To establish teachers’ knowledge of video, audio, images, texts and graphics. Data was randomly collected using questionnaires and interviews. Some 362 teachers from a population of 3620 public primary school teachers in Homa Bay County were sampled. Results showed that majority of the sampled teachers (22.9%) were aware of the general digital content such as video, audio, images and texts. On awareness of specific digital components, the results showed that 57(16.1%) respondents regarded video as the only component of the digital content. Another 10 (2.8%) respondents cited audio as a component of the digital content. Some 46 (13.0%) respondents identified images as the only component of the digital content. Text as a component of the digital content was selected by 37(10.5%) respondents. The study revealed that 30 (8.5%) respondents mentioned graphics as the sole component of the digital content. It was concluded that teachers needed more hands on experience with technologies to improve their digital competence. Ethical issues such as confidentiality and respect were observed during the study.

Etik Beyan

The research article has not been published anywhere

Destekleyen Kurum

Bomet University College

Teşekkür

I thank Turkish Journal of Open and Distance Education for accepting my article

Kaynakça

  • Achuthan, K., Kolil, V. K., Muthupalani, S., & Raman, R. (2024). Transactional distance theory in distance learning: Past, current, and future research trends. Contemporary Educational Technology, 16(1), ep493.
  • Adarkwah, M. A. (2021). “I’m not against online teaching, but what about us?”: ICT in Ghana post Covid-19. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 1665-1685.
  • Ahmed, V., & Opoku, A. (2022). Technology supported learning and pedagogy in times of crisis: the case of COVID-19 pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 27(1), 365-405.
  • Asiago, D., Mugambi, A., & Wanjala, G. (2014). Factors affecting use of radio broadcasting in public primary schools in Tharaka North Division, Tharaka District. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(6). Retrieved from: https://www.ijern.com/journal/June-2014/05.pdf
  • Bayne, S., & Gallagher, M. (2021). Near Future Teaching: Practice, policy and digital education futures. Policy Futures in Education, 19(5), 607-625.
  • Bates, T. (2014). A short history of educational technology. Retrieved from Online and Distance Education Resources website: http://www.tonybates.ca
  • Burns, M. (2011). Distance education for teacher training: Modes, models, and methods. Washington, DC: Education Development Center, Inc.
  • Ciascai, L., & Marchis, I. (2008). Multimedia in primary and secondary school curricula in Romania. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 1(2), 76-85.
  • Courtney, S. A., Miller, M. E., & Gisondo, M. J. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on teachers’ integration of digital technology. Contemporary Educational Technology, 14(4), ep387.
  • Dincher, M., & Wagner, V. (2023). On the Relationship between Technophobia and Technology Acceptance in Schools. Available at SSRN 4599998.
  • Engbrecht, J. R. (2018). Digital textbooks versus print textbooks. Retrieved from: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/ed_etds/35/
  • Graham, M. A., Stols, G. H., & Kapp, R. (2021). Integrating classroom technology: South African mathematics teachers. Computers in the Schools, 38(3), 189-213.
  • Groeneveld, C., Kimenyi, E., & Kaye, T. (2021). SWOT Analysis of the Kenya Education Cloud. Retrieved from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://docs.edtechhub.org/lib/R3E3KVHX/download/CB89UWPN/SWOT%20Analysis%20Report_Updated%20May%202021.pdf
  • Haque, M. Z. (2023). The use of social media platforms in language learning: A critical study. Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science, 17(1), 20-28.
  • Karanja, M. (2018). Role of ICT in Dissemination of Information in Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Literature Based. Technology, 2(2), 28-38.
  • Kenya. DLP Secretariat. (2016). Digital literacy programme management guidelines (2ndVersion). Nairobi: Information Communication and Technology Authority.
  • Kiarie, C., & Jones, N. J. (2024). Towards learning excellence in universities: a critical review of information and communication technology policies in education in Kenya. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South (SOTL) in the South, 8(1), 162-182.
  • Manyasa, E. (2022). Assessing the impact of ICT integration policy on the equitable access to quality education in African contexts: the case of Kenya.
  • Moorhouse, B. L., & Wong, K. M. (2022). Blending asynchronous and synchronous digital technologies and instructional approaches to facilitate remote learning. Journal of Computers in Education, 9(1), 51-70.
  • Njoroge, S. N. (2019). Effects of teaching and learning resources in lower primary school children in the Eastern Zone of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(12), 776-782.
  • Nyaundi, L. (2018, January 24). Laptops to be updated with new content. The Star. Retrieved from: https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/01/24/laptops-to-be-updated-with-new-content_c1702638
  • Oduor, A. (2015, December, 15). Content for pupils digital literacy programme to be launched. Standard Digital. Retrieved from:https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000185379/content-for-pupils-digital-literacy-programme-to-be-launched
  • Omanga, D. (2018, February 24). Is Jubilee’s laptop project headed for a collapse? Standard Digital. Retrieved from:https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001270947/jubilee-s-laptop-pledge-doomed-from-the-start
  • Omito, O. (2018). Teachers’ Attitude towards Uptake and Integration of Laptop Computers in Public Primary Schools: The Case of Digital Literacy Programme (DLP) in Homa Bay County, Kenya. AASCIT Journal of Education, 4(2), 19-26.
  • Omito, O., Kembo, J., Ayere, M., &Ali, A. A. (2019). Teachers’ Computer Capacity in Public Primary Schools in Homa Bay County, Kenya: The Case of the Digital LiteracyProgramme. European Scientific Journal July 2019 edition Vol.15, No.19. ISSN: 1857 –7881 (Print) e-ISSN 1857-7431
  • Piper, B., Oyanga, A., Mejia, J., & Pouezevara, S. (2017). Implementing large-scale instructional technology in Kenya: Changing instructional practice and developing accountability in a national education system. International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT, 13(3).
  • Prieto-Jiménez, E., López-Catalán, L., López-Catalán, B., & Domínguez-Fernández, G. (2021). Sustainable development goals and education: A bibliometric mapping analysis. Sustainability, 13(4), 2126.
  • Ribba, E. (2019). Factors affecting radio broadcasts to schools in Kenya: A case study of public primary schools in Rangwe Division, Homa, Bay County. International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 3(11), 1-23.
  • Reddy, V., & Manjulika, S. (2002). Towards virtualization: Open and distance learning. India: Kogan Page Republic of Kenya. (2017). Basic Education Curriculum Framework. Nairobi: Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development.
  • Republic of Kenya. (2015). Digital Literacy Program [press release]. Retrieved from: Information, Communication and Technology Authority of Kenya website : http://www.icta.go.ke/downloads/digital_literacy_program_launch.pdf
  • Ramasamy, K. (2020). Social media literacy skills of post graduate students and m. phil scholars of arts and science colleges affiliated to Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal: a discipline based evaluative study using the indigenous model. Library philosophy and practice, 1-36.
  • Suryawanshi, V., & Suryawanshi, D. (2015). Fundamentals of e-learning models: A review. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), 107-120. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/30ca/6fb0ad3c0fa33c8d2453b7bcec5a46826f56.pdf
  • Udenze, S. (2019). Print media and the challenges of social media. International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications, 2(3), 105-109.
  • UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015).Information and communications technology (ICT) in Education in Africa. Retrieved from UNESCO website: http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/information-and-communication-technology-ict-in-education-in-sub-saharan-africa-2015-en.pdf
  • Vagg, T., Balta, J. Y., Bolger, A., & Lone, M. (2020). Multimedia in education: what do the students think?. Health Professions Education, 6(3), 325-333.
  • Van Lieshout, M., Egyedi, T. M., &Bijker, W. E. (2018). Social learning technologies: The introduction of multimedia in education. New York: Routledge.
  • Wanzala, O. (2015, December 16). Education CS Matiang'i unveils digital content for pupils. Daily Nation. Retrieved from: https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Digital-content-for-pupils-unveiled/1056-2998358-uu5qriz/index.html
  • Wanzala, O., & Nyamai, F. (2018, July 23). Big hurdles thwart Jubilee’s laptops plan. Daily Nation. Retrieved from:https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Big-hurdles-thwart-Jubilee-s-laptops-plan/1056-4676332-9w2jndz/index.html
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Öğretim Teknolojileri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ouma Omito 0000-0003-3516-6097

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 5 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Omito, O. (2025). Examining teachers’ awareness of the digital content to be integrated in the school curriculum; the case of Homa Bay County, Kenya. The Journal of Open Learning and Distance Education(4), 1-9.

JOLDE Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.