Pediatrik Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde RSV Bronşioliti: Retrospektif Tek Merkezli Bir Çalışma
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 84 - 88, 31.12.2025
Abdulgani Gülyüz
,
Nazan Poyraz
,
Sıla Yaldiz Ataş
,
Emrullah Arıkanoğlu
Öz
Amaç: Solunum sinsityal virüsü (RSV), çocukluk çağında alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının en sık nedenlerinden biridir ve özellikle yüksek riskli gruplarda yoğun bakım yatışlarına önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunur. Bu çalışmada, bir yıllık dönemde RSV bronşioliti nedeniyle çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesine (ÇYBÜ) yatırılan hastaların demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve yatış süresi ile ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı.
Materyal ve Metot: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, 1 Ocak–31 Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında solunum yolu enfeksiyonu nedeniyle ÇYBÜ’ye yatırılan 257 çocuğun verileri incelendi. Tüm hastaların nazofaringeal sürüntü örnekleri, çoklu solunum yolu patojenlerini saptayabilen ticari bir multipleks PCR paneli ile değerlendirildi. Demografik özellikler, komorbiditeler, laboratuvar parametreleri ve ÇYBÜ yatış süresi kaydedildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar için uygun parametrik ve non-parametrik testler kullanıldı; yatış süresinin bağımsız belirleyicileri çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: RSV pozitif hastaların ortalama yaşı 3,3 ± 2,1 yıl olup %59,1’i erkekti. Komorbidite oranı %38,1 olarak bulundu. En sık saptanan viral etken rinovirüs/enterovirüs (%36,6) iken bunu RSV (%31,5) izledi. RSV pozitif hastalarda ortalama ÇYBÜ yatış süresi 6,8 ± 2,9 gün olup, bu süre rinovirüs/enterovirüs grubuna kıyasla daha uzundu. Çoklu regresyon analizinde yaş, CRP düzeyi ve komorbidite varlığı daha uzun yatış süresinin bağımsız belirleyicileri olarak saptandı (p < 0,05). RSV olgularında kış aylarında belirgin bir artış gözlendi.
Sonuç: RSV bronşioliti, çocuk yoğun bakım pratiğinde önemli bir klinik yük oluşturmaya devam etmektedir. Uzamış hastane yatışı ile ilişkili faktörlerin erken dönemde belirlenmesi, yüksek riskli çocukların izlem ve yönetiminin optimize edilmesi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Mevsimsel kümelenme, kaynak planlaması ve koruyucu stratejilerin önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Etik Onay:
Bu retrospektif çalışma, Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Karar No: 2025/426; Karar Tarihi: 20.11.2025). Çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi’nin ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.
Aydınlatılmış Onam:
Çalışma retrospektif nitelikte olduğundan, etik kurul tarafından aydınlatılmış onam gerekliliği muaf tutulmuştur.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir.
Teşekkür
Veri toplama sürecinde ve hastaların klinik yönetiminde destek veren Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
1. Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory
infections due to RSV in children younger than 5 years in 2019. Lancet.
2022;399(10340):2047–2064.
-
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00563-4
2. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. The burden of RSV infection in
young children. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(6):588–598.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804877
-
3. Ghazaly M, Nadel S. Characteristics of children admitted to intensive care
with acute bronchiolitis. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(6):913–920.
doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3142-x
-
4. Mahony JB. Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods. Clin
Microbiol Rev. 2008;21(4):716–747.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00037-08
-
5. Clark TW, Lindsley K, Wigmosta TB, et al. Rapid multiplex PCR for respi-ratory viruses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2023;86(5):462–
475.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.019
-
6. Esen AB, Erol M, Kafadar D, et al. Progression of disease and viral agents in
infants hospitalized for LRTIs. J Pediatr Res. 2019;6(4):314–321.
doi: 10.4274/jpr.galenos.2019.89146
-
7. Yüksel H, Yılmaz Ö, Akçalı S, et al. Viral etiologies of community-acquired
lower RTIs in young children. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2020;14(1):27–32.
doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.19047
-
8. Hammitt LL, Dagan R, Yuan Y, et al. Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in
infants. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(9):837–846.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2110275
-
9. Troeger C, Blacker B, Khalil IA, et al. Estimates of morbidity, mortality, and
etiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016. Lancet
Infect Dis. 2018;18(11):1191–1210.
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30310-4
-
10. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–2194.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053
-
11. Brendish NJ, Malachira AK, Armstrong L, et al. Routine molecular point-of-care testing for respiratory viruses. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(5):401–
411.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30120-0
-
12. Meissner HC. Viral bronchiolitis in children. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(1):62–
72.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1413456
-
13. Heikkinen T, Järvinen A. The common cold. Lancet. 2003;361(9351):51–59.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9
-
14. O’Brien KL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, et al. Causes of severe pneumonia
requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection (PERCH study).
Lancet. 2019;394(10200):757–779.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30721-4
-
15. Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, Kirsten S, et al. Human rhinoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(1):135–162.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00077-12
-
16. Calvo C, García-García ML, Blanco C, et al. Multiple viral infections in
infants with acute RTIs. J Clin Virol. 2008;42(3):268–272.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.011
-
17. Esposito S, Mencacci A, Cenci E, et al. Multiplex platforms for identification of respiratory pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:196.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00196
-
18. Killien EY, Keller MR, Watson RS, et al. Epidemiology of intensive care
admissions among US children, 2001–2019. JAMA Pediatr. 2023;177(5):506–
515.
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.6449
-
19. Perez A, Lively JY, Curns A, et al. Respiratory virus surveillance in children — 2016–2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(40):1253–1259.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7140a2
-
20. Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchant DJ. Respiratory syncytial virus: infection,
detection, prevention, and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(1):277–319.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00090-16
RSV Bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 84 - 88, 31.12.2025
Abdulgani Gülyüz
,
Nazan Poyraz
,
Sıla Yaldiz Ataş
,
Emrullah Arıkanoğlu
Öz
Objective: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infections in childhood and contributes significantly to intensive care admissions, particularly among high-risk groups. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with RSV bronchiolitis over a one-year period and to identify factors associated with length of stay.
Materyals and Methods: In this retrospective study, data from 257 children admitted to the PICU with respiratory tract infection between January 1 and December 31, 2024 were reviewed. Nasopharyngeal swab samples of all patients were evaluated using a commercial multiplex PCR panel capable of detecting multiple respiratory pathogens. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and PICU length of stay were recorded. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons, and independent predictors of length of stay were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The mean age of RSV-positive patients was 3.3 ± 2.1 years, and 59.1% were male. The comorbidity rate was 38.1%. Rhinovirus/enterovirus was the most common viral agent (36.6%), followed by RSV (31.5%). The mean PICU stay for RSV-positive patients was 6.8 ± 2.9 days, which was longer compared to the rhinovirus/enterovirus group. Multiple regression analysis identified age, CRP level, and the presence of comorbidity as independent predictors of longer length of stay (p < 0.05). RSV cases showed a marked increase during the winter months.
Conclusions: RSV bronchiolitis continues to represent a significant clinical burden in pediatric intensive care practice. Early identification of factors associated with prolonged hospitalization is crucial for optimizing the management and monitoring of high-risk children. Seasonal clustering underscores the importance of appropriate resource planning and preventive strategies.
Etik Beyan
Ethical Approval:
This retrospective study was approved by the Malatya Turgut Özal University Health Sciences Scientific Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2025/426; Date of Decision: 20 November 2025). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Informed Consent:
Because this research was based on retrospective data review, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
Destekleyen Kurum
This research received no external funding.
Teşekkür
We would like to thank all healthcare staff and the PICU team involved in the care of the patients included in this study.
Kaynakça
-
1. Li Y, Wang X, Blau DM, et al. Global burden of acute lower respiratory
infections due to RSV in children younger than 5 years in 2019. Lancet.
2022;399(10340):2047–2064.
-
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00563-4
2. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, et al. The burden of RSV infection in
young children. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(6):588–598.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804877
-
3. Ghazaly M, Nadel S. Characteristics of children admitted to intensive care
with acute bronchiolitis. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177(6):913–920.
doi: 10.1007/s00431-018-3142-x
-
4. Mahony JB. Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods. Clin
Microbiol Rev. 2008;21(4):716–747.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00037-08
-
5. Clark TW, Lindsley K, Wigmosta TB, et al. Rapid multiplex PCR for respi-ratory viruses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2023;86(5):462–
475.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.019
-
6. Esen AB, Erol M, Kafadar D, et al. Progression of disease and viral agents in
infants hospitalized for LRTIs. J Pediatr Res. 2019;6(4):314–321.
doi: 10.4274/jpr.galenos.2019.89146
-
7. Yüksel H, Yılmaz Ö, Akçalı S, et al. Viral etiologies of community-acquired
lower RTIs in young children. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2020;14(1):27–32.
doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.19047
-
8. Hammitt LL, Dagan R, Yuan Y, et al. Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in
infants. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(9):837–846.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2110275
-
9. Troeger C, Blacker B, Khalil IA, et al. Estimates of morbidity, mortality, and
etiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016. Lancet
Infect Dis. 2018;18(11):1191–1210.
doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30310-4
-
10. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191–2194.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053
-
11. Brendish NJ, Malachira AK, Armstrong L, et al. Routine molecular point-of-care testing for respiratory viruses. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(5):401–
411.
doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30120-0
-
12. Meissner HC. Viral bronchiolitis in children. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(1):62–
72.
doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1413456
-
13. Heikkinen T, Järvinen A. The common cold. Lancet. 2003;361(9351):51–59.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9
-
14. O’Brien KL, Baggett HC, Brooks WA, et al. Causes of severe pneumonia
requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection (PERCH study).
Lancet. 2019;394(10200):757–779.
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30721-4
-
15. Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, Kirsten S, et al. Human rhinoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(1):135–162.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00077-12
-
16. Calvo C, García-García ML, Blanco C, et al. Multiple viral infections in
infants with acute RTIs. J Clin Virol. 2008;42(3):268–272.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.02.011
-
17. Esposito S, Mencacci A, Cenci E, et al. Multiplex platforms for identification of respiratory pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:196.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00196
-
18. Killien EY, Keller MR, Watson RS, et al. Epidemiology of intensive care
admissions among US children, 2001–2019. JAMA Pediatr. 2023;177(5):506–
515.
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.6449
-
19. Perez A, Lively JY, Curns A, et al. Respiratory virus surveillance in children — 2016–2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(40):1253–1259.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7140a2
-
20. Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchant DJ. Respiratory syncytial virus: infection,
detection, prevention, and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(1):277–319.
doi: 10.1128/CMR.00090-16