Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde hatay ili sağlık çalışanlarının kaygı düzeyi ve yaşam tarzı değişikliklerinin incelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 74 - 84, 31.12.2024

Ümmühan Yilmaz , Erhan Yengil

https://doi.org/10.58651/jomtu.1570936

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, Hatay ilinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının COVID-19 salgını süresince yaşadıkları kaygı düzeyleri ve yaşam tarzlarındaki değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, 25 Şubat 2021 ile 25 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında Hatay'daki birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü basamak sağlık çalışanlarının katılımıyla, WhatsApp üzerinden gerçekleştirilen çevrimiçi bir anket ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara 25 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulanmış, ayrıca Spielberger Sürekli ve Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği ile Uykusuzluk Şiddeti İndeksi kullanılarak kaygı düzeyleri ve uyku bozuklukları değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 201 doktor, 137 hemşire/ebe ve 64 diğer sağlık çalışanının %60,2'si (n=242) Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği'ne göre, %72,9'u (n=293) Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği'ne göre orta düzeyde kaygı yaşadığı, %62,5'inin (n=251) ise uyku bozukluğu yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Daha ileri yaş (p=0.018), doktor olma (p=0.005), enfekte hastalarla temas eden birimlerde görev yapma (p=0.001), kronik hastalık varlığı (p=0.004), beslenme alışkanlıklarındaki değişim (p=0.001), sigara kullanma (p=0.011), psikolojik destek alma (p=0.001) ve enfekte bir hasta ile riskli temas (p=0.001) kaygı düzeyini etkileyen faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Benzer şekilde, enfekte hastalarla sık temas eden birimlerde çalışma (p=0.001), kadın olma (p=0.033), doktor veya hemşire olma (p=0.013), sigara kullanma (p=0.005), beslenme alışkanlıkları (p=0.001), fiziksel egzersiz (p=0.001), destek tedavi alma (p=0.001) ve riskli temas (p=0.001) uyku bozukluğunu etkileyen faktörler arasında yer almıştır.
Sonuç: Pandemi dönemi, sağlık çalışanları üzerinde artan kaygı seviyeleri ve uyku bozuklukları gibi olumsuz psikolojik etkiler yaratmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sağlık çalışanı, Covid-19, pandemi, anksiyete

Investigation of the anxiety levels and lifestyle changes of healthcare workers in hatay province during the covid-19 pandemic process

Öz

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the anxiety levels and lifestyle changes experienced by healthcare professionals in Hatay province during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted through a WhatsApp-based survey involving healthcare workers from primary, secondary, and tertiary care facilities in Hatay province between 25 February 2021 and 25 March 2021. Participants completed a 25-question survey designed by the researchers, as well as the Spielberger Trait and State Anxiety Inventory and the Insomnia Severity Index to assess sleep disturbance.
Results: Among the 201 physicians, 137 nurses/midwives and 64 other healthcare professionals who participated, 60.2% (n=242) reported moderate anxiety according to the state anxiety scale, while 72.9% (n=293) did so on the trait anxiety scale. In addition, 62.5% (n=251) reported sleep disorders. Factors associated with higher anxiety levels included older age (p=0.018), being a physician (p=0.005), working in settings with more frequent exposure to infected patients (p=0.001), having chronic illnesses (p=0.004), changing dietary habits (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.011), seeking support (p=0.001), and risky contact with infected patients (p=0.001). Variables linked to sleep disturbances included working in high-contact areas (p=0.001), being female (p=0.033), being a doctor or nurse (p=0.013), smoking (p=0.005), dietary habits (p=0.001), physical activity (p=0.001), seeking supportive care (p=0.001), and risky contact with infected patients (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The pandemic has had a negative psychological impact on healthcare workers, resulting in elevated anxiety levels and increased sleep disturbance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covıd-19, Pandemia, Healthcare workers, Anxiety

Kaynakça

• Ataç, Ö., Sezerol, M.A., Taşcı, Y. & Hayran, O. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarında anksiyete belirtileri ve uykusuzluk. Turk J Public Health, 18, 45–47.
• Bastien, C.H. & Cm, M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297–307.
• Boysan, M., Güleç, M., Beşiroğlu, L. & Kalafat, T. (2010). Uykusuzluk şiddeti indeksi’nin türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11, 248–252.
• Chua, S. E., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Mcalonan, G. M., Wong, J. & Cheung, E. (2004). Psychological effects of theSARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk healthcare workers. Can J Psychiatry, 49(6), 391–393.
• Demi̇r, Ü.F. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on sleeping status. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 4(5), 334-339. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.737088
• Deschasaux-Tanguy, M., Srour, B., Bourhis, L., Arnault, N., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Esseddik, Y., de Edelenyi, F. S., Allègre, J., Allès, B., Andreeva, V. A., Baudry, J., Fezeu, L. K., Galan, P., Julia, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Péneau, S., Hercberg, S., Bajos, N., Severi, G., … de Lamballerie, X (2021). Nutritional risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective study within the NutriNet-Santé cohort. BMC Medicine, 19(1).
• Duncan, G.E., Avery, A.R., Seto, E. & Tsang, S. (2020). Perceived change in physical activity levels and mental health during COVID-19: Findings among adult twin pairs. PloS One, 15.
• Durmaz, Y.Ç., Kuzu, A. & Kilig, N. (2020). Ebe ve hemşirelerde çalışma koşullarının obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ve anksiyete üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 73–80.
• Elbay, R.Y., Kurtulmuş, A., Arpacıoğlu, S. & Karadere, E. (2020). Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Research, 290 (113130). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130
• El-Hage, W., Hingray, C., Lemogne, C., Yrondi, A., Brunault, P. & Bienvenu, T. (2020). Health professionals facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What are the mental health risks? Encephale, 46, 73–80.
• Gupta, S., Prasad, A.S., Dixit, P.K., Padmakumari, P., Gupta, S. & Abhisheka, K. (n.d.). Survey of prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among 1124 healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic across India. Med J Armed Forces India, 77(2),404-412.
• Holmes, B.J. (2008). Communicating about emerging infectious disease: The importance of research. Health Risk Soc, 10(4), 349–360.
• Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V.H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., Worthman, C. M., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 7(6), 547–560.
• Huang, Y. & Zhao, N. (2020). Depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-basedcross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res, 288.
• Jackson, D. & Bradbury-Jones, C. (2020). Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs, 29, 2041–2043.
• Jackson, S.E., Brown, J., Shahab, L., Steptoe, A. & Fancourt, D. (2020). COVID-19, smoking and in equalities: a study of 53 002 adults in the UK. Tob Control, 1–11.
• Koksal, E. & Bilgin, S. (2020). Evaluation of depression and anxiety levels and related factors among operating theater workers during the novel coronavirus (covıd-19) pandemic. Journal of Peri Anesthesia Nursing, 35(5), 472–477.
• Korkmaz, S., Kazgan, A., Çekiç, S., Tartar, A.S., Balcı, H. N. & Atmaca, M. (2020). The anxiety levels, quality of sleep and life and problem-solving skills in healthcare workers employed in COVID-19 services. J ClinNeurosci, 80, 131–136.
• Kumar, J., Katto, M.S., Siddiqui, A.A., Sahito, B., Jamil, M. & Rasheed, N. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare workers regarding the use of face mask to limit the spread of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Cureus, 12(4).
• Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J. & Wei, N. (2019). Factors associated with mentalhealth outcomes among healthcare workers exposed to Coronavirusdisease 2019. JAMA Netw Open, 3(3).
• Lecompte, A. & Öner, N. (1975). Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanterinin türkçe’ye adaptasyon ve standardizasyonu ile ilgili bir çalışma. In, 457–462.
• Liu, Z., Han, B., Jiang, R., Huang, Y., Ma, C., Wen, J., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Chen, H. & Ma, Y. (2020). Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551329
• Öncü, E., Altunkan, H., Köksoy Vayisoğlu, S. & Ayaz, M. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemi sürecinde kaderciliğin etkisi ve salgın tedbirlerine uyum özellikleri: Vaka-kontrol çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.890145
• Özyurt, G. & Kanik, A. (2021). Anxiety level in pediatrics residents in covıd-19 outbreak days. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 28(1), 9–13.
• Pérez-Rodrigo, C., Gianzocitores, M., Hervásbárbara, G., Ruiz-Litago, F., Casissáenz, L. & Arija, V. (2021). Patterns of change in dietary habits and physical activity during lockdown in Spain due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients, 13(2).
• Preti, E., Dimattei, V., Perego, G., Ferrari, F., Mazzetti, M. & Taranto, P. (2020). The psychological impact of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks on healthcare workers: Rapid review of the evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 22(8).
• Şahin, M.K., Aker, S., Şahin, G. & Karabekiroğlu, A. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress and ınsomnia and related factors in healthcare workersduring covıd 19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Community Health, 45(6).
• Sakaoğlu, H.H., Orbatu, D., Emiroglu, M. & Çakır, Ö. (2020). Covid-19 salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarında spielberger durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeyi: tepecik hastanesi örneği. Tepecik Eğit. ve Araşt. Hast. Dergisi, 30, 1–9.
• Stanton, R., To, Q.G., Khalesi, S., Williams, S.L., Alley, S.J. & Thwaite, T.L. (2020). Depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19: Associations with changes in physical activity, sleep, tobacco and alcohol use in Australian adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(11).
• Szylińska, A. & Rotter, I. (2020). Assessment of mentalhealth factors among health professionals depending on their contact with COVID-19 patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(16).
• Tison, G.H., Avram, R., Kuhar, P., Abreau, S., Marcus, G.M. & Pletcher, M.J. (2020). World wide effect of COVID-19 on physical activity: A descriptive study. Ann Intern Med, 173(9), 767–770.
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L. & Ho, C. S. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5).
• Wang, S., Xie, L., Xu, Y., Yu, S., Yao, B. & Xiang, D. (2020). Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occup Med (Lond), 70, 364–369.
• Zhang, C., Yang, L., Liu, S., Ma, S., Wang, Y. & Cai, Z. (2020). Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel Coronavirus disease outbreak. Front Psychiatry, 11.
• Zhang, W.-R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W.-F., Xue, Q. & Peng, M. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical healthworkers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom, 89(4), 242–250.