BAZI BİTKİ BESİN ELEMENTLERİNİN BİTKİ PARAZİTİ NEMATODLAR ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Öz

Bitki paraziti nematodlar dünya genelinde birçok bitki türünde zarar oluşturan ve önemli ekonomik kayba neden olan obligat tarımsal organizmalardır. Bitki paraziti nematodların çoğunluğu konukçularının köklerinde, çok az bir kısmı ise yaprak, çiçek ya da tohum gibi bitkilerin toprak üstü aksamlarında zarar yapabilmektedir. Bitki paraziti nematodların köklerde beslenmesi sonucu bitkinin su ve besinleri alma yeteneği azalmaktadır. Beslenme sırasında kullandıkları stilet ile bitki köklerinde yaralara ve bazı mikrobiyal hastalıklara neden olarak, kökte kahverengi lekeler oluşturarak ve bitkinin toprak üstü kısımlarında yumruların şişmesi veya çürümesiyle konukçu bitkiye zarar vermektedirler. Bitki paraziti nematodların zararını tolere edebilmede bitki besin elementleri önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Besin elementleri nematod popülasyonlarını artırabilir ya da azaltabilmektedirler. Bu etki besin elementine ve kullanılan besin kaynağına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bitki besleme ile bitki paraziti nematodlar arasındaki etkileşim üzerine yapılan çalışmaların genellikle azot, fosfor ve potasyum elementleri ile ilgili olduğu görülmüştür. Makro ve mikro besin maddelerinin toprağa dengeli bir şekilde uygulanması, bitkinin nematodların neden olduğu zararları tolere edebilmesini sağlamanın en iyi yoludur. Bu çalışmada gübrelemede bazı bitki besin elementlerinin kullanımının bitki paraziti nematodlara karşı etkileri hakkında elde edilen bilgiler derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki paraziti nematodlar
• Bitki besleme
• Gübreleme
• Nematod gelişimi

THE EFFECT OF SOME PLANT NUTRIENT ELEMENTS ON PLANT PARASITE NEMATODES

Öz

Plant parasitic nematodes are obligate agricultural organisms that cause significant economic losses and damage to many plant species worldwide. Most of the plant parasitic nematodes can damage the roots of their hosts, while a very small number of them can damage the above-ground parts of plants such as leaves, flowers or seed. As a result of the feeding of plant parasitic nematodes on the roots, the ability of the plant to adsorb water and nutrients decreases. They damage the host plant by causing wounds on the plant roots and some microbial diseases with the stylet they use during feeding, by forming brown spots on the root and swelling or rotting of the tubers on the above-ground parts of the plant. Plant nutrients have an important place to overcome the damage of plant parasitic nematodes. Nutrients can reduce or increase nematode populations. This effect depends on the nutrient element and the source of nutrient used. Plant nutrition and plant parasitic nematodes interaction have generally shown that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The form in which the nutrient (ammonium or nitrate) is present has a greater influence on the severity of nematode attack than the amount of nitrogen present. It is stated that the use of ammonium is better than nitrate in reducing the plant parasitic nematode population. Phosphorus has direct microbial activity against pathogens as well as the ability to stimulate plant defense mechanisms through the production of phytoalexins. Adequate plant nutrition with potassium is thought to reduce disease occurrence due to increased resistance to the penetration and development of pathogens. A balanced application of macro and micro nutrients to the soil is the best way to ensure that the plant can withstand the damage caused by nematodes. In this study, the information obtained about the effects of the use of some plant nutrients in fertilization against plant parasitic nematodes has been reviewed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant parasitic nematode
• Plant nutrition
• fertilization
• Nematode growth

Kaynakça

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