INTERACTIONS OF LYCOPENE, A CAROTENOID FOUND IN TOMATO, WITH PROBIOTIC BACTERIA

Öz

People's interest in natural and nutritious foods has increased in recent years. Today, fruits and vegetables are consumed not only for nutritional purposes, but also for protection from diseases, healthy living, and therapeutic properties. For this reason, fruits and vegetables are also preferred in terms of their content. Lycopene, named after tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), is a red carotenoid pigment found in various plants, especially tomatoes. Lycopene shows strong antioxidant properties in vitro, and in vivo, in addition to being protective against oxidation of DNA, proteins and lipids, it also has multi-targeted activities such as inducing apoptosis, reducing DNA damage, preventing oxidative stress, reducing metastasis and disrupting cancer cell cycle in cancer treatment. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus are among best researched and popular microorganisms among probiotics. Especially in the digestive system, the presence of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus can positively affect the intestinal flora, facilitate digestion and help strengthen the immune system. The beneficial effects of these probiotics may be enhanced by their interaction with plant-derived compounds and beneficial microorganisms in our body. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of lycopene, which is naturally found in fruits and vegetables in the human diet and has many beneficial effects, on probiotic bacteria Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus, which are important for human health. For this, we investigated the effects of lycopene on bacterial growth kinetics, bacterial autoaggregation, bacterial surface hydrophobicity and mucus adhesion of the probiotic bacteria. The results showed that lycopene did not cause a significant change in the surface hydrophobicity and mucus adhesion of probiotic bacteria. On the other hand, there were dose-related increases on the autoaggregation properties of these probiotic bacteria. In conclusion, it has been observed that different concentrations of lycopene may have different effects on probiotic bacteria. The results also support the hypothesis that carotenoids may influence the physiological effects of probiotic bacteria in a dose-dependent manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adhesion
• Carotenoid
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Lycopene
• Probiotics

DOMATESTE BULUNAN KAROTENOİDLERDEN OLAN LİKOPENİN PROBİYOTİK BAKTERİLER İLE ETKİLEŞİMLERİ

Öz

İnsanların doğal ve besleyici gıdalara olan ilgisi son yıllarda iyice artırmıştır. Günümüzde meyve ve sebzeler sadece beslenme amacının dışında hastalıklardan korunmak, sağlıklı yaşamak, ve tedavi edici özellikleri de göz önüne alınarak tüketilmektedir. Bu nedenle meyve ve sebzeler, içerikleri bakımından da tercih edilmektedir. Domatesten (Solanum lycopersicum) adını alan likopen, başta domates olmak üzere çeşitli bitkilerde bulunan kırmızı renkli karotenoid bir pigmenttir. Likopen in vitro ortamlarda güçlü bir antioksidan özellik gösterir, in vivo ortamlarda ise DNA, protein ve lipitlerin oksidasyonuna karşı koruyucu olmasının yanı sıra kanser tedavisinde apoptozu indüklemek, DNA hasarını azaltmak, oksidatif stresi önlemek, metastazı azaltmak ve kanser hücre siklusunu bozmak gibi çok hedefli aktiviteleri de bulunmaktadır. Lactobacillus acidophilus ve Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, probiyotikler arasında çok çalışılan, popüler mikroorganizmalar arasındadır. Özellikle sindirim sisteminde, Lactobacillus acidophilus ve Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus gibi probiyotik bakterilerin varlığı, bağırsak florasını olumlu yönde etkileyerek sindirimi kolaylaştırabilir ve bağışıklık sisteminin güçlenmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu probiyotiklerin yararlı etkileri, bitkisel kaynaklı bileşiklerle ve vücudumuzdaki faydalı mikroorganizmalarla etkileşimleri sayesinde artabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı insan diyetinde yer alan meyve ve sebzelerde doğal olarak bulunan ve birçok yararlı etkisiyle birlikte likopenin insan sağlığı için önemli olan probiyotik bakteriler Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ve Lactobacillus acidophilus üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, probiyotik bakteriler üzerinde etkileşim gösteren likopenin bakteriyel gelişim kinetiği, bakteriyel otoagregasyon, bakteriyel yüzey hidrofobisitesi ve mukus adezyon testi üzerine araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, likopenin probiyotik bakterilerin yüzey hidrofobisitesinde ve mukus adezyon testinde önemli bir değişikliğe sebep olmadığını, otoagregasyon özellikleri üzerinde doza bağlı artışların olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adezyon
• Karotenoid
• Laktik asit bakterileri
• Likopen
• Probiyotik

Kaynakça

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