DETERMINATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND DAMAGE OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEIDEMANN (1910) (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) IN BARTIN

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 31.07.2024

Yafes Yıldız Onur Can Yasin Ceylan Ömer Didik

https://doi.org/10.55930/jonas.1410730

Öz

Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (1910) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is an important pest species, native to North America, known to damage the seeds and cones of coniferous forest trees. The pest was first detected on the European continent in Italy in 1999, and then quickly spread to almost the entire continent. It has been observed that it spread in our country at the same time as the invasion in Europe. After the first detection of the pest in Turkey was made in Istanbul in 2009, it spread to a large part of our country, including our Bartın province, in a short period of 10 years. Leptoglossus occidentalis is known to feed on newly formed cones as well as needles, young branches, buds and opened cones. While in the first period the nymphs feed on needles and soft cone scales, from the second period onwards the endosperm of the seed in the cones constitutes the main feeding material. In our country, it reduces seed yield in all pine species, especially Pinus pinea. In a study conducted in our country on stone pine cones, it was observed that the rate of unformed/empty seeds varied between 14% and 98% depending on the region. It is also a dangerous species included in the A1 action list by international and national plant protection organizations (NPPO, RPPO/EU). It is likely that its spread and population will increase with global climate change, and in this case, it will become difficult to combat the pest. Biological control is considered to be the most appropriate control method in control studies of the species due to reasons such as the ability of the pest to fly very long distances due to its fast movement ability and the fact that its pheromone is not efficient at the desired level.
This study was conducted between 2020-2021 to determine the spread and damage of Leptoglossus occidentalis, an invasive and important seed pest, in Bartın province. For this purpose, light traps were placed in the field to determine the population density, and stone pine cones were collected from the areas where the insect was seen and the occupancy rates were checked. As a result, it was detected that the pest spread in pine and fir forests in Bartın province and affected cone yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leptoglossus occidentalis, invasive species, seed, Bartın

BARTIN YÖRESİNDE İSTİLACI TÜR LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEIDEMANN (1910) (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)’İN YAYILIŞI VE ZARARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

İstilacı bir tür olan Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (1910) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) orijini Kuzey Amerika olan, konifer orman ağaçlarının kozalak ve tohumlarında zarar yapan önemli bir tohum zararlısı türüdür. Zararlı tür Avrupa kıtasında ilk defa İtalya’da 1999’da tespit edilmiş, ardından hemen tüm kıtaya hızla yayılmıştır. Ülkemizde de Avrupa’daki istila seyriyle aynı zamanlarda yayılış yaptığı gözlemlenmiştir. Zararlının Türkiye’deki ilk tespiti 2009 yılında İstanbul’da yapıldıktan sonra, 10 yıl gibi kısa bir süre içerisinde Bartın ilimiz de olmak üzere ülkemizin büyük bir kısmına yayılmıştır. Bu çalışma istilacı ve önemli bir tohum zararlısı olan Leptoglossus occidentalis Bartın ilinde yayılışı ve zararını tespit etmek amacıyla 2020-2021 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla araziye ışık tuzakları yerleştirilerek popülasyon yoğunluğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ayrıca böceğin görüldüğü alanlardan fıstık çamı kozalakları toplanarak doluluk oranlarına bakılmıştır. Sonuç olarak zararlının Bartın ilindeki çam ve göknar ormanlarında yayılış yaptığı ve kozalak verimini etkilediği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leptoglossus occidentalis, istilacı tür, tohum, Bartın

Kaynakça

• 1. Barta M. (2009). New facts about distribution and host spectrum of the invasive Nearctic conifer pest, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in south-western Slovakia. Folia faunistica Slovaca, 14(23): 139–142.
• 2. Batur, M. (2015). Kozak Yöresi Fıstıkçamı (Pinus pinea L.) ormanlarında fıstık verimi ile artım ve bazı meteorolojik olaylar arasındaki ilişkiler. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2 A), 29-34.
• 3. Cranshaw W.S. (2014). Conifer seed bugs. Colorado State University Fact Sheet No: 5.588
• 4. EPPO, (2022). https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LEPLOC/categorization
• 5. Farinha A.O., Branco M., Pereira M.F.C., Auger-Rozenberg M.A., Mauricio A., Yart A., Guerreiro V., Sousa E.M.R., Roques A. (2018). Micro X-ray computed tomography suggests cooperative feding among adult invasive bugs Leptoglossus occidentalis on mature seeds of stone pine Pinus pinea. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 20: 18–27.
• 6. Krugman S.L., Koerber T.W. (1969). Effects of cone feeding by Leptoglossus occidentalis on ponderosa pine seed development. Forest Science, 16: 104–111.
• 7. Maltese, M., Virgilio C , E Guerrıerı, Strong, W B. (2012). Parasitoids of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Recovered in Western North America and First Record Of İts Egg Parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in California, The Pan-Pacıfıc Entomologıst 88(3):347–355.
• 8. OGM, (2016). Orman Bitkisi ve Bitkisel Ürünlerine Arız Olan Zararlı Organizmalar ile Mücadele Yöntemleri, CTA Reklam Hiz. Bas. Yay. Ltd. Şti. ISBN: 978-605-4610-98-3, Ankara.
• 9. Parlak, S. (2017). An invasive species: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) how does it affect forestry activities?, Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty, 2017, 17 (3): 531-542, IFS 2016, Special Issue Doi:10.17475/kastorman.292220
• 10. Tamburini M., Maresi G., Salvadori C., Battisti A., Zottele F., Pedrazzoli F. (2012). Adaptation of the invasive western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis to Trentino, an alpine region (Italy). Bulletin of Insectology, 65: 161–170.
• 11. Url- 1. (2021). Western Conifer Seed Bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis) Cone and Seed Insect Pest Leaflet No. 4, British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, BC. http://www.fgcouncil.bc.ca/PM-Factsheet04-Leptoglossus-occidentalis.pdf
• 12. Werner D.J. (2011). Die amerikanische Koniferen-Samen-Wanze Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) als Neozoon in Europa und in Deutschland: Ausbreitung und Biologie. Entomologie Heute, 23: 31–68.