Öz Duyarlılık ile Duygusal Yeme Arasındaki İlişkide Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü ve Algılanan Stresin Aracı Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öz duyarlılık ile duygusal yeme arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve algılanan stresin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18 yaş üzeri 300 yetişkin katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler; Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Öz Duyarlılık Ölçeği ve Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği kullanılarak çevrim içi ortamda toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Pearson korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiş; aracılık analizleri Bootstrap yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bulgular, öz duyarlılığın pozitif alt boyutları olan öz sevecenlik ve bilinçliliğin duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ile negatif yönde ilişkili olduğunu; öz yargılama, izolasyon ve aşırı özdeşleşme gibi negatif alt boyutların ise duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve algılanan stres ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Aracılık analizleri, öz duyarlılığın tüm alt boyutları ile duygusal yeme arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün tutarlı ve anlamlı bir aracı rol üstlendiğini, buna karşın algılanan stresin hiçbir modelde anlamlı bir aracı değişken olarak işlev görmediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, duygusal yemenin stresin varlığından ziyade, bireyin olumsuz duygularını düzenleme kapasitesiyle yakından ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, duygusal yeme davranışına yönelik müdahalelerde duygu düzenleme becerilerinin güçlendirilmesi ve öz duyarlılığın özellikle olumsuz bileşenlerinin azaltılmasının önemine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygusal yeme
• öz duyarlılık
• duygu düzenleme güçlüğü
• algılanan stres

Destekleyen Kurum

Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu / Komitesinden 03/05/2025 tarihli ve 2025/4 toplantısında PROTOKOL NO. 2025/230 sayılı karar ile alınmıştır.

Teşekkür

Çalışmaya katılan bütün katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating roles of difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress in the relationship between self-compassion and emotional eating. The sample consisted of 300 participants older than 18 years. Data were collected online using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Emotional Eating Scale. Relationships among variables were examined using Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation analyses were tested using the bootstrap method. The results indicated that the positive dimensions of self-compassion such as self-kindness and mindfulness were negatively associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, whereas negative dimensions such as self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification were positively associated with both difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress. Mediation analyses revealed that difficulties in emotion regulation served as a consistent and significant mediator in the relationship between all dimensions of self-compassion and emotional eating, whereas perceived stress did not function as a significant mediator in any of the tested models. These findings suggest that emotional eating is more closely related to individuals’ capacity to regulate negative emotions rather than to the mere presence of stress. The results highlight the importance of strengthening emotion regulation skills and reducing the negative components of self-compassion in interventions targeting emotional eating behavior.

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating roles of difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress in the relationship between self-compassion and emotional eating. The sample consisted of 300 participants older than 18 years. Data were collected online using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Emotional Eating Scale. Relationships among variables were examined using Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation analyses were tested using the bootstrap method. The results indicated that the positive dimensions of self-compassion such as self-kindness and mindfulness were negatively associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, whereas negative dimensions such as self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification were positively associated with both difficulties in emotion regulation and perceived stress. Mediation analyses revealed that difficulties in emotion regulation served as a consistent and significant mediator in the relationship between all dimensions of self-compassion and emotional eating, whereas perceived stress did not function as a significant mediator in any of the tested models. These findings suggest that emotional eating is more closely related to individuals’ capacity to regulate negative emotions rather than to the mere presence of stress. The results highlight the importance of strengthening emotion regulation skills and reducing the negative components of self-compassion in interventions targeting emotional eating behavior.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emotional eating
• self-compassion
• difficulties in emotion regulation
• perceived stress.

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declare that no financial support was received for this study.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval was received for this study from Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Human Research Ethics Committee on 03/05/2025, at the 2025/4 meeting, with PROTOCOL NUMBER 2025/230.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank all the participants who took part in this study.

Kaynakça

1. Akın, A., Akın, Ü. ve Abacı, R. (2007). Öz-duyarlık ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 1-10.
2. Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg015
3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
4. Bennett, J., Greene, G., & Schwartz-Barcott, D. (2013). Perceptions of emotional eating behavior. A qualitative study of college students. Appetite, 60, 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.023
5. Bowlby, J. (1979). The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637-638.
6. Beyhan, Y., & Erkut, E. (2021). Pandemi sürecinde duygusal yeme. Haliç Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 109-114. https://doi.org/10.48124/husagbilder.848253
7. Bilgen, M. (2018). Duygusal yeme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi.
8. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

9. Bruch, H. (1964). Psychological aspects of overeating and obesity. Psychosomatics, 5(5), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(64)72385-2
10. Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
11. Carpio-Arias, T. V., Manzano, A. M. S., Sandoval, V., Vinueza-Veloz, A. F., Betancourt, A. R., Ortíz, S. L. B., & Vinueza-Veloz, M. F. (2022). Relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating. A cross-sectional study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 49, 314-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.030
12. Christopher, M. S., Charoensuk, S., Gilbert, B. D., Neary, T. J., & Pearce, K. L. (2009). Mindfulness in Thailand and the United States: A case of apples versus oranges? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 590-612. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20580
13. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
14. Dakanalis, A., Mentzelou, M., Papadopoulou, S. K., Papandreou, D., Spanoudaki, M., Vasios, G. K., Pavlidou, E., Mantzorou, M., & Giaginis, C. (2023). The association of emotional eating with overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns: A review of the current clinical evidence. Nutrients, 15(5), 1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051173
15. Di Gesto, C., Policardo, G. R., Bocci Benucci, S., Çela, E. ve Grano, C. (2025). Difficulties in emotion regulation and stress in intensive care unit nurses during COVID-19: Exploring the mediating role of psychological inflexibility and the moderating effect of work experience. Healthcare, 13(13), 1575.
16. Ekşi, H. ve Erik, C. (2023). Duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ölçeği-8: Türkçe uyarlaması. 2. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri ve Dilbilim Kongresi, Varşova.
17. Epel, E., Lapidus, R., McEwen, B., & Brownell, K. (2001). Stress may add bite to appetite in women: a laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior.
18. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 26(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(00)00035-4
19. Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Yeni Symposium, 51(3), 132-140.
20. Evers, C., Stok, F. M., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2010). Feeding your feelings: Emotion regulation strategies and emotional eating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(6), 792-804. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210371383
21. Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z. ve Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A transdiagnostic theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(5), 509-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00088-8
22. Gianini, L. M., White, M. A., & Masheb, R. M. (2013). Eating pathology, emotion regulation, and emotional overeating in obese adults with binge eating disorder. Eating Behaviors, 14(3), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.05.008
23. Gilbert, P. (2010). The compassionate mind: A new approach to life’s challenges. New Harbinger Publications.
24. Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 6-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12043
25. Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), 353-379. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507
26. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
27. Greeno, C. G., & Wing, R. R. (1994). Stress-induced eating. Psychological Bulletin, 115(3), 444-464. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.444
28. Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
29. Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Binge eating as escape from self-awareness. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 86-108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86
30. Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (2004). The self-regulation of eating: Theoretical and practical problems. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (pp. 492-508). Guilford Press.
31. Higgs, S., & Thomas, J. (2016). Social influences on eating. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.10.005
32. Inwood, E., & Ferrari, M. (2018). Mechanisms of change in the relationship between self-compassion, emotion regulation, and mental health: A systematic review. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 10(2), 215-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12127
33. İnalkaç, S., & Arslantaş, H. (2018). Duygusal yeme. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 27(1), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.336844
34. Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., Mykletun, A., Williams, L. J., Hodge, A. M., O’Reilly, S. L., Nicholson, G. C., Kotowicz, M. A., & Berk, M. (2010). Association of Western and traditional diets with depression and anxiety in women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(3), 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060881
35. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Delacorte.
36. Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041-1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
37. Konttinen, H. (2020). Emotional eating and obesity in adults: The role of depression, sleep and genes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(3), 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120000166
38. Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013). Self-compassion in depression: Associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behavior Therapy, 44(3), 501-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.004
39. Lassale, C., Batty, G. D., Baghdadli, A., Jacka, F., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Kivimäki, M., & Akbaraly, T. (2019). Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 24(7), 965-986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0237-8
40. Macht, M. (2008). How emotions affect eating: A five-way model. Appetite, 50(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.07.002
41. Martin, J. R. (1997). Mindfulness: A proposed common factor. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 7(4), 291-312. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPI.0000010885.18025.bc
42. Michels, N., Sioen, I., Braet, C., Eiben, G., Hebestreit, A., Huybrechts, I., Vanaelst, B., Vyncke, K., & De Henauw, S. (2012). Stress, emotional eating behaviour and dietary patterns in children. Appetite, 59(3), 762-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.010
43. Morton, G. J., Meek, T. H., & Schwartz, M. W. (2014). Neurobiology of food intake in health and disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(6), 367-378. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3745
44. Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
45. Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
46. Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923
47. Neff, K. D., Whittaker, T. A., & Karl, A. (2017). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in four distinct populations: Is the use of a total scale score justified? Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(6), 596-607. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1269334
48. O’Connor, D. B., Jones, F., Conner, M., McMillan, B., & Ferguson, E. (2008). Effects of daily hassles and eating style on eating behavior. Health Psychology, 27(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.S20
49. Oliver, G., Wardle, J., & Gibson, E. L. (2000). Stress and food choice: A laboratory study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(6), 853-865. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200011000-00016
50. Penner, F., Steinberg, L., & Sharp, C. (2023). The development and validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation Scale-8: providing respondents with a uniform context that elicits thinking about situations requiring emotion regulation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 105(5), 657-666. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2022.2133722
51. Sobal, J., & Bisogni, C. A. (2009). Constructing food choice decisions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(Suppl 1), S37-S46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9124-5
52. Stroebe, W., van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Papies, E. K., & Aarts, H. (2013). Why most dieters fail but some succeed: A goal conflict model of eating behavior. Psychological Review, 120(1), 110-138. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030849
53. Tan, C. C., & Chow, C. M. (2014). Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.033
54. Teasdale, J. D., Moore, R. G., Hayhurst, H., Pope, M., Williams, S., & Segal, Z. V. (2002). Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression: Empirical evidence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(2), 275-287. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.2.275
55. Torres, S. J., & Nowson, C. A. (2007). Relationship between stress, eating behavior, and obesity. Nutrition, 23(11-12), 887-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.008
56. van Strien, T., Cebolla, A., Etchemendy, E., Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., Ferrer-García, M., Botella, C., & Baños, R. (2013). Emotional eating and food intake after sadness and joy. Appetite, 66, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.02.016
57. van Strien, T., Frijters, J. E. R., Bergers, G. P. A., & Defares, P. B. (1986). The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(2), 295-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-AT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T