Türkiye, Erzurum ili birinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında görev yapan hekimlerin tükenmişlik sendromu, iş doyumu düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 105 - 110, 01.05.2018

Aysun Aras Asuman Guraksin Zahide Koşan Elif Okşan Çalıkoğlu Ezel Bilge Yerli

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.408173

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Erzurum ilindeki pratisyen hekimler arasında tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu düzeylerini ve ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir. 

Yöntemler: Erzurum'da 2012 yılında birinci basamakta çalışan 253 doktordan, 246 tanesi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) ve Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği (MİDÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hekimlerin %72,8’i erkek, %70,7’si evli ve yaş ortalamaları 34,0±5,7 şeklindedir. Mesleğinin toplumda hak ettiği değeri bulduğuna inanmayanlar %92,5 olduğu saptanmıştır. 40 yaş üstü hekimlerin kişisel başarı puanları 29 yaş altındaki doktorlara göre daha düşük bulunmuştur (OR: 2,28, %95 1,50 – 4,92, p=0,03). Düzenli tatil yapmayan hekimlerin düzenli tatil yapmayan hekimlere göre iş doyumu ve kişisel başarı puanları daha yüksektir (p<0,05).

Hekimlerin, MTÖ alt boyutları olan duygusal tükenmişlik, duyarsızlaşma, kişisel başarı puanları sırasıyla %69,1’inde, %75,6’sında ve %79,3’ünda düşük saptanmıştır. Genel iş doyumu puan ortalaması ise %70,6’sında orta düzeyde bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Birinci basamak sağlık kurumlarında görev yapan hekimlerin 1/3’ünde tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu durum göz önüne alınarak, hekimlerin tükenmişlik düzeylerini azaltmaya, iş doyumu düzeylerini arttırmaya yönelik öneriler yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tükenmişlik, İş memnuniyeti, Doktor, Erzurum

Burnout syndrome, job satisfaction and associated factors among primary health care doctors in Erzurum, Turkey

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine burnout and job satisfaction levels and related factors among general practitioners in Erzurum province.  Methods: 246 out of the 253 physicians working in primary health institutions in Erzurum in 2012 were included in the study. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). Results: Males represented 72.8% (n=179) of the participating physicians, and 70.7% (n=174) were married. The mean age of the participants was 34.0±5.7 years, and 92.7% (n=228) believed that the profession was not valued as it deserved in the community. We found higher depersonalization scores and lower personal accomplishment scores in physicians aged 29 or less compared to those aged 40 or over (OR: 2.28, 95% 1.50 – 4.92, p=0.03). Job satisfaction and personal accomplishment scores were higher among physicians taking regular vacations, while emotional exhaustion was higher among those not taking regular vacations. (p< 0.05). MBI subscale scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were low, at 69.1%, 75.6%, and 70.3%, respectively. The general job satisfaction score was moderate, at 70.6%. Conclusion: Both burnout and job satisfaction were high in 1/3 of the general practitioners working in primary health care services. Activities to combat physician burnout and motivate health are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Job satisfaction, Physician, Burnout, Erzurum

Kaynakça

• 1. Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Organ Behav 1981;2:99–113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205.
• 2. Aslan SH, Aslan O. Gender factors in the burnout of doctors. Çukurova Univ Med J 1997;22:132–6.
• 3. Güney S. Management and institutions handbook. Ankara: Nobel Publishing; 2000.
• 4. Çağlıyan Y. Burnout syndrome and its effect on job satisfaction (A field research on academic personnel in public and private universities). Kocaeli University, 2007.
• 5. Law Number 224 on the Socialization of Health Services in Turkey. Off Gaz Repub Turkey 1961;12.01.
• 6. The Regulation on the Pilot Implementation of Family Medicine. Off Gaz Repub Turkey 2005;06.07.
• 7. Ungan M, Özdemir K. Family Practice Tree. Turkiye Klin J Fam Med-Special Top 2016;7:8–14.
• 8. Jager AJ, Tutty MA, Kao AC. Association Between Physician Burnout and Identification With Medicine as a Calling. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92:415–22. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.012.
• 9. Weiss DJ, Dawis R V, England GW, Lofquist LH. Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation, Bulletin 45). Minneapolis, MN Univ Minnesota 1967.
• 10. Baycan FA. An Analysis of The Several Aspects of Job Satisfaction Between Different Occupational Groups. Bogazici University, 1985.
• 11. Ergin C. Application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory to doctors and nurses. Hacettepe Univ. VIIth Psychol. Congr., 1992.
• 12. Şerik B, Erdoğan N, Ekerbiçer ÇH, et al. Burnout Levels and Related Factors of Family Doctors Who Work At Family Health Centers in Sakarya Province. Sak Med J. 2016;6:76–82.
• 13. Baykan Z, Çetinkaya F, Naçar M, Kaya A, Işıldak MÜ. Burnout among family physicians and its associated factors. Turk Aile Hek Derg. 2014;18:122–33.
• 14. Elbi H, Balcı UG, Nazik F, Korkmaz H, Öngel K. Burnout Levels of Health Workers in Family Medicine System in Afyonkarahisar City. Smyrna Med J. 2014:36–40.
• 15. Marcelino GT, Cerveira JM, Carvalho I, et al. Burnout levels among Portuguese family doctors: A nationwide survey. BMJ Open. 2012;2. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001050.
• 16. Goehring C, Gallacchi MB, Künzi B, Bovier P. Psychosocial and professional characteristics of burnout in Swiss primary care practitioners: A cross-sectional survey. Swiss Med Wkly. 2005;135:101–8. doi:2005/07/smw-10841.
• 17. Grassi L, Magnani K. Psychiatric morbidity and burnout in the medical profession: an Italian study of general practitioners and hospital physicians. Psychother Psychosom. 2000;69:329–34. doi:10.1159/000012416.
• 18. Tekin Ç, Bozkir Ç, Sazak Y, Özer A. The Views of Family Physiciansa Family Healthcare Personnel, Who Work in The City Center of Malatya, on The Family Medicine Practices, Job Satisfactions and Effecting Factors. Firat Med J. 2014;19:135–9.
• 19. Mutlupoyraz F. Patient satisfaction and doctors’ job satisfaction in Adana primary healtcare institutions. Cukurova University, 2010.
• 20. Tözün M, Çulhacı A, Ünsal A. Job satisfaction of doctors working in the primary care in the family health system. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2008;7:377–84.
• 21. Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması Bölgesel Sonuçları, 2016 Retrieved April 05, 2018, from Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Sayı: 24580 25 Eylül 2017) file:///C:/Users/Hp/Downloads/Gelir_ve_Ya%C5%9Fam_Ko%C5%9Fullar%C4%B1_Ara%C5%9Ft_25.09.2017.pdf
• 22. Üner S, Kaya M, Yüksel F. Evaluation of burnout among primary care health workers with the Maslach Burnout Inventory in Kecioren Health Directorate area. IX Ulus Halk Sagligi Günleri Bildir Özet Kitabi 2005:203.
• 23. Evans J, Lambert T, Goldacre M. GP recruitment and retention: a qualitative analysis of doctors’ comments about training for and working in general practice. Occas Pap R Coll Gen Pract. 2002;iii–vi:1-33.
• 24. Kumar S, Fischer J, Robinson E, Hatcher S, Bhagat RN. Burnout and job satisfaction in New Zealand psychiatrists: a national study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2007;53:306–16. doi:10.1177/0020764006074534.
• 25. Çan E, Topbas M, Yavuzyilmaz A, Çan G, Özgun Ş. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesindeki Araştırma Görevlisi Hekimlerin Tükenmişlik Sendromu İle İş Doyumu Düzeleri Ve İlişkili Faktörler. J Exp Clin Med. 2009;23:17–24. doi:10.5835/JECM.V23I1.53.
• 26. Hayran O, Aksayan S. Job Satisfaction of General Practioners. Toplum ve Hekim. 1991:16–7.
• 27. Bodur S. Job satisfaction of health care staff employed at health centres in Turkey. Occup Med (Lond). 2002;52:353–5.
• 28. Ozyurt A. Job satisfaction and burnout levels of doctors in Istanbul. Marmara University Medical Faculty, 2003.
• 29. Ataoglu A, Icmeli C, Ozcetin A. [Job satisfaction among doctors]. Duzce Med J. 2000:17–34.
• 30. Jacquet A, Grolleau A, Jove J, Lassalle R, Moore N. Burnout: Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of TARGET 1® for professional fatigue syndrome (burnout)*. J Int Med Res. 2015;43:54–66. doi:10.1177/0300060514558324.
• 31. Kosan Z. Burnout levels and relationship with sociodemographic variables among doctors working in Erzurum. Atatürk University Medical Faculty, 2010.
• 32. Ulmer B, Harris M. Australian GPs are satisfied with their job: even more so in rural areas. Fam Pract. 2002;19:300–3. doi:10.1093/fampra/19.3.300.
• 33. Sevimli F. [Job satisfaction and related factors among doctors working in Erzurum]. Atatürk University Medical Faculty, 2004.
• 34. Sünter AT, Canbaz S, Dabak Ş, Öz H, Peksen Y. [The levels of burnout, work-related strain and work satisfaction in general practitioners]. Genel Tip Derg. 2006;16:9–14.
• 35. Karlidag R, Ünal S, Yologlu S. [Job satisfaction and burnout levels among doctors]. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 2000;11:49–57.
• 36. Kaya M, Üner S, Karanfil E, Uluyol R, Yüksel F, Yüksel M. The Burnout Condition of Primary Health Care Personnel. TSK Koruyucu Hekim Bülteni. 2007;6:357–63.